Ua hoʻopau ka psylla pest ʻApelika i nā hua citrus mai nā makahiki 2000 mua ma ka mokupuni ʻo Canary a me ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika o ka Iberian Peninsula. He pepeke lele ia e hiki ai ke hooulu i ka lau, keakea i ka photosynthesis e hoemi ana i ka hua lemona, a me na mea e ae. ʻO ka ʻApelika psylla lapaʻau ʻaʻole maʻalahi loa.
Ma kēiaʻatikala e haʻi mākou iāʻoe i nā mea a pau e pono aiʻoe eʻike e pili ana i ke ahulau a me ka mālamaʻana i ka psylla African.
ʻO
He aha ka psylla Aferika
ʻElua mau hopena o kāna hopena i ka citrus a me nā kumu lāʻau:
- poino pololei: ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā lau, deformity, kaohi ʻana a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i ka photosynthesis o ka citrus; e hoʻemi i ka hua o ka lemona maikaʻi a i ʻole nā hua.
- pōʻino ʻole: Laha ʻia o nā maʻi citrus: HLB (Huanglongbing) a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka hopena o ka make ʻana o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO ka psyllid ʻApelika he pepeke lele o ke kauoha Hemiptera o ka ʻohana Psyllidae, inoa ʻepekema: Trioza erytreae. Mai ka makahiki 2000 ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pest quarantine mandatory e ka European Union.
ʻO ka ʻāina kumu o kēia pepeke, ʻo Trioza erytreae, ʻo ʻApelika. Mai ka ʻāina sub-Saharan, kahi hoʻonui continental ʻaʻohe pili pololei me ke Kai Mediterranean. ʻO Madeira ka wahi mua i ʻike ʻia e wehewehe i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka psyllid ʻApelika ma ʻEulopa. Ua ʻike ʻia kona ola i ka makahiki 1994. Ma Sepania, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka wahi komo i ʻike ʻia o ka psylla ʻApelika ma Valle Guerra (Tenerife) i ka makahiki 2002.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o kēia pepeke ma ke kahakai ʻo Atlantika e wehewehe ana i kona noho ʻana ma Galicia i ka makahiki 2014, e hoʻopaʻa inoa ana i nā hihia he nui ma Pontevedra a me A Coruña.
Ke ana i keia ahulau
Ma waena o nā hana i hana ʻia e kūʻē i kēia pest e pale ai i ka laha ʻana, loaʻa iā mākou kēia:
- Ua pāpā ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana i ka citrus ma Galicia, i waena o nā hana i hāpai ʻia e hoʻōki i ka hoʻonui ʻana o Trioza erytreae.
- Ma waena o 2014 a me 2015, Ua pāpā ka Galician Charter i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā citrus ma nā kahu hānai a me nā ʻāpana ʻāina nui.
- Ke kau nei ka European Union i kahi quarantine mandatory no kēia pest a i kēlā mau makahiki e manaʻo ʻia e mau ka liʻiliʻi o 5 mau makahiki.
- Ua hoʻokuʻu ka Xunta de Galicia i ka pāpā ʻana i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka citrus ma 2020, ʻoiai ua lawe ʻo ia i nā ʻano hana e hoʻāʻo e mālama pono i nā kumulāʻau ma nā wahi kūʻai ponoʻī.
Nā hopena o ka pest i ka citrus
ʻO ka Citriculture a i ʻole ka citrus cultivation, ua ana i ka hopena o ka psyllid ʻApelika i kāna mau mea kanu, e hoʻomaka ana me nā hōʻike mua o ka maʻi i haʻalele ʻia.
No ka laʻana, e kuhikuhi mau mākou i ka mokuʻāina o Florida a me nā hana ʻalani a me nā citrus a pau ma kēia ʻāina o ka US, kahi Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hōʻemi 74% o ka hana ʻana mai ka wā i ʻike mua ʻia ai ka maʻi HLB ma 2005.
Inā mākou e lawe i ka laʻana o ka hana pololei a Trioza erytreae ma nā kumulāʻau lemona, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i kona hopena i ka citrus a me nā kumu lāʻau nani (nā ʻano Rutaceae āpau) e pili pū ana me ia a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he pūʻali.
Kau nā Psyllids i kā lākou mau hua ma nā lau o nā kumulāʻau lemona. Hoʻomoe pinepine lākou i kā lākou mau hua ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o nā lau citrus i kahi laina māmā e holo like ana me nā veins. Eia naʻe, ʻo kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai ʻO nā psyllids e hohola i kā lākou mau hua ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o nā lau ma mua o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā lākou e like me nā veins.
ʻOmo lākou i nā pepeke e nahu ana i nā dermis o nā lau a ʻai i ke kohu o nā hua citrus a me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o nā hua e hoʻohua ai i nā nimfa o ka ʻiʻo, e hōʻiliʻili a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o kahi pahu pale a hoʻomaka e omo i ke kohu hou mai nā lau. ʻO kēia mau capsules he mau warts ʻokoʻa a hoʻololi paha i nā lau.
ʻO nā kumu lāʻau citrus a pau i hoʻoulu ʻia me ka psylla ʻApelika, ua nalowale ka hiki ke photosynthesize ma muli o nā deformities a me ka nui o ka pau ʻana o nā lau i ka canopy.
Eia kekahi, i kahi kūlana o ka nāwaliwali loa, ʻo ka ulu hou ʻana o nā wana hou e pono ai ka hoʻoikaika hou ʻana, a i kēlā me kēia makahiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lāʻau ponoʻī, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e ka nalowale o ka hana citrus. Eia naʻe, ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka hopena pololei o ka psyllid ʻApelika ma nā kumulāʻau lemon ke kuleana no ka make ʻole.
ʻApelika psylla lapaʻau
No laila, me kahi papa hana hoʻomalu maʻi e kālele ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka ʻohi ʻana, a me ka meaʻai maikaʻi, hiki i nā hua citrus ke hele i loko o ka manawa o ka hana psyllid nui loa.
Ke alo nei mākou i kekahi o nā mea kanu maʻalahi loa e ʻike me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. Ua piha nā lau Citrus i nā warts a me nā deformities, ke ʻoki ʻana i ka ulu ʻana, nā galls ... Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nalowale ʻana o ka lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a huli melemele.
Inā maopopo iā mākou nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā lāʻau huaʻai, ʻo nā pahele e kūʻē i ka velutinas kekahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa e kūʻē i ka nalo ʻApelika i loko o kā mākou māla a me nā wahi kanu no ka mea he mea koʻikoʻi kāna hana hou ʻana. No laila pono mākou e hana i kahi ala like no nā psyllids i nā māla citrus.
He mea maʻalahi nā pahele paʻa paʻa ʻulaʻula melemele e hōʻemi i ke ʻano o nā mea lele a lele paha; mai psyllids a hiki i ka citrus leafminers, ma o nā aphids hoʻonāukiuki a i ʻole keʻokeʻo.
La ʻupena chromatic he lāʻau lapaʻau i ka psylla ʻApelika:
- 20×15cm 50 pepa.
- He kūpono no nā psyllids, nā ʻano nalo a me nā makika, a me nā pepeke lele a lele paha mai kekahi mea kanu i kekahi: aphids, leafminers...
- Kūleʻa nā mea hoʻopili i ka haʻahaʻa a me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Mahalo i nā pahele kala e hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā mea ʻino e ulu pinepine i kāu mau mea kanu a hana i nā mea pale aku iā lākou a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau insecticidal topical a maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia hana maʻalahi a ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o nā ulu citrus a puni ka honua no ka mea e ʻae iā mākou e ʻike pololei i nā iniseti i kēlā me kēia manawa, a hopu i nā specimens no ka nānā ʻana a hōʻoia ʻo lākou nā mea lawe bacteria. E like me nā huahana pale mea kanu ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā lāʻau insecticide kūʻē i ka psyllid ʻApelika e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana.
ʻO kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau ʻO Aspid 50WP:
- Pepehi i nā pepeke ma ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana.
- He kūpono no nā psyllids, leafminers, whiteflies, caterpillars, fruit flies...
- E hahai i nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea hana.
Manaʻo wau me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka psylla ʻApelika a me kāna mau ʻano.
E lilo i mea mua e wehewehe