The African psylla pest yanga ichiparadza zvirimwa zvecitrus kubvira kutanga kwema2000s muCanary Islands uye Atlantic pamhenderekedzo yeIberian Peninsula. Chipembenene chinobhururuka chinogona kukonzera kusangana kwemashizha, kutadzisa photosynthesis inoderedza goho remaremoni, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. The African psylla kurapwa hazvisi nyore zvachose.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve denda uye kurapwa kweAfrican psylla.
Chii chinonzi African psylla
Mhedzisiro yaro pacitrus uye ornamental shrubs iri paviri:
- kukuvadza kwakananga: Clumping yemashizha, kuremara, kudzivirira kana kutadzisa photosynthesis ye citrus; kuderedza goho reremoni rine utano kana muchero.
- zvisina kunanga kukanganisa: Kupararira kwezvirwere zvecitrus: HLB (Huanglongbing) kana kusvibira, zvichikonzera kufa kwemiti.
The African psyllid ipembenene inobhururuka yehurongwa Hemiptera yemhuri yePsyllidae, zita resainzi: Trioza erytreae. Kubva 2000 yakarongedzerwa sechinhu chinosungirwa kuvharirwa tupukanana neEuropean Union.
Kondinendi yekwakabva chipembenene ichi, Trioza erytreae, iAfrica. Kubva kunharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweSahara, kuwedzera kwekondinendi iyo isina hukama hwakananga neGungwa reMediterranean. Madeira ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga inozivikanwa kutsanangura kuunzwa kweAfrica psyllid muEurope. Kuvapo kwayo kwakawanikwa muna 1994. MuSpain, nzvimbo inozivikanwa yekupinda yeAfrican psylla yakavambwa muValle Guerra (Tenerife) muna 2002.
Kuwedzera kwechipembenene ichi pamhenderekedzo yeAtlantic kunotsanangura kuvapo kwayo muGalicia panguva ye2014, kunyoresa nyaya dzakawanda muPontevedra neA Coruña.
Matanho ekurwisa denda iri
Pakati pematanho akatorwa kurwisa chipembenene ichi kudzivirira kupararira, tine zvinotevera:
- Yakarambidzwa kutengesa citrus muGalicia, pakati pezviyero zvakatorwa kumisa kuwedzera kweTrioza erytreae.
- Pakati pa2014 na2015, Gwaro reGalician rakarambidza kutengeswa kwemacitrus munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vana uye nzvimbo huru dzevhu.
- European Union inosungirira kuvharirwa kwechipembenene ichi uye mumakore iwayo zvinotarisirwa kugara makore mashoma mashanu.
- Iyo Xunta de Galicia yakasimudza kurambidzwa kwekutengeswa kwecitrus muna 2020, kunyange zvazvo yakatora matanho ekuedza kuchengetedza miti ine utano munzvimbo dzekutengesa ivo pachavo.
Mhedzisiro yepest pacitrus
Citriculture kana citrus kurimwa, yakayera kukanganisa kweAfrica psyllid muminda yayo, kutanga nekutanga kuratidzwa kwechirwere chainosiya shure.
Semuenzaniso, isu tinogara tichitaura nezvedunhu reFlorida uye ese maorenji nekugadzirwa kwemaranjisi munharaunda ino yeUS, iyo yakawana kudzikiswa kwe74% mukugadzirwa kubva chirwere cheHLB chakatanga kuonekwa muna 2005.
Kana tikatora muenzaniso wekuita kwakananga kweTrioza erytreae pamiti yemonamu, tinogona kunzwisisa maitiro ayo pamiti ye citrus uye zvishongo zvekushongedza (marudzi ose eRutaceae) ayo akabatanidzwa nawo uye anoshanda semauto.
Psyllids inokandira mazai pamashizha emiti yemaremani. Dzinowanzo kukandira mazai pasi pemashizha ecitrus mumutsara wakajeka unofambirana netsinga. Zvisinei, humwe hunhu hwatinogona kuona mumamiriro ekunze ane mwando ndehwekuti psyllids inoparadzira mazai awo pasi pemashizha pane kuabatanidza anoenderana netsinga.
Vari kuyamwa zvipembenene zvinoruma dermis yemashizha uye kudya pamuto wemichero yecitrus nemiti. Kuputika kwemazai kunobudisa nymphs yezvipembenene, izvo zvinounganidza uye kuzviputira muvhavha yekudzivirira uye inotanga kusveta muto mutsva kubva pamashizha. Aya ma capsules akasiyana warts kana shanduko pamashizha.
Miti yese yemacitrus yakazadzwa nekubereka African psylla yakarasikirwa nekukwanisa kuita photosynthesize nekuda kwekuremara uye kurasikirwa kukuru kwemashizha mucanopy.
Mukuwedzera, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushaya simba kwakanyanya, kumera patsva kwezvitsva kunoda kushanda nesimba, uye gore negore kuora kwemuti pachako kunoonekwa, sezvinoratidzwa nekurasikirwa kwekugadzirwa kwecitrus. Zvakadaro, mhedzisiro yakananga yeAfrican psyllid pamiti yeremoni haitendwe kuve inokonzera rufu rusingagadzirike.
African psylla kurapwa
Nokudaro, nekarenda yekudzivirira zvirwere iyo inotarisa pamishonga yekudzivirira, kuchekerera kunodzora uye kudya kwakanaka, zvinokwanisika kuti michero ye citrus ipfuure munguva yekushanda kukuru kwepsyllid.
Takatarisana nechimwe chezvipembenene zvechirimwa zviri nyore kuziva nemaziso. Mashizha eCitrus akazara newarts uye deformities, stunted growth, galls ... Mukuwedzera, iwe uchakwanisa kuona kuti mashizha zvishoma nezvishoma anorasikirwa neruvara rwegirinhi uye kushanduka yero.
Dai isu tese vane bindu remichero kana muti wemichero tainge takajeka pamusoro pazvo, misungo inorwisa velutinas ndeimwe yemishonga yakanakisa kurwisa mavu emuAfrica mumagadheni edu nenzvimbo dzekudyara sezvo kubereka kwawo kwakakosha. Saka isu tinofanirwa kutora nzira yakafanana kune psyllids mumichero yemichero.
Yellow plastiki inonamira misungo imhinduro iri nyore yekudzikisa maitiro echero tumbuyu tunobhururuka kana kusvetuka; kubva ku psyllids kusvika kune macitrus leafminers, kuburikidza neaphid anogumbura kana whiteflies.
La chromatic musungo kurapwa kweAfrican psylla:
- 20 × 15cm 50 mapepa.
- Inokodzera psyllids, marudzi ese enhunzi neumhutu, uye chero zvipembenene zvinobhururuka kana kusvetuka kubva kune chimwe chirimwa kuenda kune chimwe: hove, mashizha emashizha...
- Zvinamira zvinomira munyoro uye tembiricha yakakwira.
Nekuda kwematepi ane mavara, iwe unokwanisa kuona twupukanana twunowanzo kuitika muzvirimwa zvako uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira kurwisa kana kushandisa mishonga yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene.
Iyi tsika iri nyore inoshandiswa uye inokurudzirwa muminda yemacitrus pasi rose sezvo ichitibvumira kuziva zvipembenene zvakananga chero nguva, uye kutora zvienzaniso zvekuongorora uye kuona kuti ndidzo dzinotakura mabhakitiriya. Sezvimwe chero chigadzirwa chekudzivirira chirimwa, chero mushonga wezvipembenene uchipokana neAfrican psyllid unofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri.
Mumwe mushonga Aspid 50WP:
- Inouraya zvipembenene nekubata uye kunwa.
- Inokodzera psyllids, leafminers, whiteflies, makonye, nhunzi dzemichero...
- Tevedzera mirairo yekushandisa yakapihwa nemugadziri.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve kurapwa kweAfrican psylla uye maitiro ayo.