Walnut muti une simba unopfuura 25 metres kureba nekorona yakafara uye hunde dhayamita inosvika 3 kusvika 4 metres. Kune marudzi akawanda emiti yemarnut, uye nepo mazhinji asingatenderi zvipembenene, imwe yezvirwere zvinonyanya kukuvadza ndeye anthracnose. Unofanira kuziva kuti unorapwa sei walnut anthracnose kuitira kuderedza zvinokanganisa pamuti.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti ndeapi matanho akasiyana-siyana ekudzidza nzira yekuziva walnut anthracnose, ndeapi maitiro ayo uye maitiro ekurwisa nayo.
Walnut maitiro
Muti wewalnut unodonha, zvinoreva kuti unorasikirwa nemashizha mazhinji pane dzimwe nguva dzegore. Iyo ine mapapiro anosvika 30 metres pakureba uye hunde hombe inosvika 2 metres muhupamhi. Hunde ipfupi uye chena, dzimwe nguva grey. Matavi ane simba anokura kubva pairi, achigadzira korona huru, yakawanda uye yakatenderera.
Mashizha emukoko iwo makuru, anenge 25 cm kureba, anotsigirwa nepetioles anenge 5 kusvika 8 cm kureba. Mashizha aya akasvibira muruvara uye anochinjana mukuwanda pamapazi. Maruva zvakare akasvibira. Varume vari kuchema mikonachando, vakadzi vari voga.
Zvibereko zvatinowanzodaidza kuti nzungu zvichazvarwa kubva kumaruva echikadzi, kunyangwe zvisiri zvebhotani, asi drupes, ine endocarp inoumbwa nematombo uye corrugated chikamu mukati inodyiwa uye inokosheswa mhodzi.
Chii chinonzi walnut anthracnose?
Walnut anthracnose (Gnomonia leptostyla) chirwere chefungal chinokonzerwa nefungi yegenera Colletotrichum, Gloesporium, uye Coniothyrium. Chirwere ichi chinoitika pamidzi, mashizha, uye walnut michero kana pane yakawandisa mwando uye kuderera tembiricha.. Mhando dzese dzewanuts dzinobatwa nechirwere ichi, asi kuomarara kwayo kunowanzoenderana nedanho rekubuda.
Naizvozvo, zvidyarwa zvidiki zvewalnut zvinowanzo batwa zvakanyanya neanthracnose. Zvakakosha kuti varimi vaone walnut anthracnose uye rudzi rwefungus rinokonzera. Ruzivo rwakanaka uye ruzivo nezvechirwere chinogona kubatsira kudzoreredza zvirimwa zvenzungu. Kubata kwakanyanya kweanthracnose kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa zvachose kwechirimwa.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo?
Walnut anthracnose inokonzeresa kuparara kwakanyanya kunotanga kunetesa chirimwa chose nenzira yakadzama. Mashizha akabatwa anokura makwapa mazhinji madiki, akatenderera, ebrown anoonekwa neakachena halo pasi, anogona kuasiyanisa kubva kuzvirwere zvebhakitiriya.
Mukuwedzera, mumashizha ewalnut anowira pasi munguva yechando, perithecia (ascocarp structures) ine asci uye ascospores inoumbwa. Mune michero, anthracnose inokonzera deformation, iyo inokanganisa mbeu, uye mavara eboka uye kuwedzera anoonekwa. Munguva yekumira kwezvinomera kwemiti yewalnut, inotamburawo neanthracnose pamatavi ayo ane lignified, anoita sekunge bark ine scaly uye ine grey tinge.
Walnut anthracnose inodyidzana netembiricha iri pedyo ne20ºC uye hunyoro hwakanyanya hwepamusoro.. Chimwe chezviratidzo zvinoshamisa zvewalnut anthracnose ndiyo mavara anogadzirwa nefungus asingakwanisi kupinda mutsinga dzemashizha, kunyanya kana akakura.
Maitiro ekudzora Walnut Anthracnose
Walnut anthracnose idambudziko rakakura kuvarimi nekuti inogona kukanganisa chirimwa chose uye kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwehupfumi. Kana michero yakasvibiswa neanthracnose, haigoni kutengeswa. Kana chirimwa chikatorwa nechirwere, chinongoparadza chirimwa zvachose. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kutora matanho ekudzora uye kurwisa anthracnose kubva panguva yekudyara, sezvo zvirimwa zvinokura nekukura.
Nzira yekurapa uye kutonga kwewalnut anthracnose ndeye nzira dzekudzivirira dzekurima uye pakupedzisira kuburikidza neakakodzera makemikari matanho ekurwisa chirwere.
Walnut Anthracnose Kurapa
Mishonga yekudzora anthrax zvigadzirwa zvine mhangura semusimboti unoshanda:
- mhangura hydroxide
- Mhangura oxychloride
- Bordeaux muto
Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kubata nevamwe mhando ye moisturizer kuchengetedza chigadzirwa pamashizha kweinenge 48 maawa. Munguva yekurapa, kana kunaya kamwe kamwe, zvinodikanwa kutanga kubva pakutanga uye kudzokorora nzira yacho nekukurumidza.
Mushure mekurapa kwechipiri nemhangura, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvefungal kuti uvandudze hutano hwekudyara. Kurapa kunofanirwa kuitwa mumatanho matatu zvichienderana nephenology yemhando:
- Yekutanga kufashukira
- Chechipiri apo maruva echikadzi ari mumaruva
- Chechitatu chiri panguva yekugadzirwa kwemichero
Kana kubva pakutanga kwekurapa kunoonekwa kuti igore rekunaya, inofanira kurapwa zvakare mazuva gumi nemashanu ega ega. Inokurudzirwawo kupisa mashizha akawa uye michero yemiti, sezvo fungus inoramba ichishanda munguva yechando. Panguva yekukura kwechirimwa, kana nzungu dzikakuvadzwa nechimvuramabwe, zvakakosha kushandisa systemic fungicide se difenoconazole.
Maitiro ekuzvidzivirira
Walnut anthracnose inogona kudzivirirwa ne phytosanitary uye tsika matanho, umo anotevera mapoinzi anogona kusimbiswa:
- Dyara mbeu dzisinganyanyi kubatwa nechirwere uye mhodzi dzadzo dzakagadzirwa nemhando dzakanaka uye dzakasimba.
- Sarudza zvinhu zvakasimbiswa zvisina zvinhu zvine njodzi pakudyara kana kudyara.
- Tenderedza mbesa uye shandisa mbesa dzakakodzera kudzivirira kuvepo kweanthracnose.
- Shandisai fetiraiza ine mwero, kugadzirisa ivhu, kudiridza, uye kufambisa mvura zvakanaka.
- Ita zvakadzika uye nguva dzose kuchekerera kubvisa zvikamu zvakakanganisika zvemuti wemuti uye kurwisa chero kunobva chirwere.
- Prune walnut zvinomera uye bvisa sora kudzivirira kukura uye kupararira kwefungus.
- Kuchengetedza tembiricha yakakodzera uye masisitimu ekudiridza ezvirimwa, kudzivirira mvura yakawandisa uye hunyoro hwepamusoro zvinhu zvakakosha pakuonekwa kweanthracnose.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve walnut anthracnose uye maitiro ayo.