Kubereka kwevakadzi pabonde

kuberekana mumidziyo yevascular

Zvipenyu uye, munyaya iyi, zvinomera, zvine nzira dzakasiyana dzekuberekana. Kune rimwe divi, isu tine kuberekana kwepabonde kunoitwa nemagametes uye, kune rumwe rutivi, asexual kubereka. The kubereka patsva mumiti inowanzoitika uye inozivikanwawo nezita rezvinomera.

Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve asexual kubereka muzvirimwa uye maitiro ayo.

Chii chinonzi asexual kubereka muzvirimwa

chirimwa kubereka nzira

Kuberekwa kweAsexual kana asexual kunoitika mune dzimwe mhuka, zvidyarwa, uye zvimwe zvipenyu uye kunosanganisira kupatsanurwa kwemasero kana nhengo dzemuviri dzemunhu dzakagadzira uye, kuburikidza nekuita mitosis, inokwanisa kugadzira chimwe chipenyu chakafanana. Iyi mhando yekubereka inogona kuitika nemubereki mumwe chete uye haidi kubatanidzwa kwesero dzepabonde kana gametes mukuita.

Rudzi urwu rwekubereka ndiyo chete nzira inogoneka yekuberekesa mune zvipenyu zviri nyore senge mabhakitiriya. Pakati pavo pane nzira yekuparadzanisa kana binary fission umo sero raamai rinopatsanurwa kuita masero maviri kana anopfuura. Mune unicellular mbiriso uye fungi, maitiro aya, anonzi budding, zvinoita kuti pave nekabundu kadiki kanokura mukati mechinhu chepakutanga kusvika chadambuka. Mune dzimwe primitive multicellular mhuka, senge sponges kana tunicates, kupatsanura kwaiitwawo nemabuds.

Sero kupatsanurwa kana mitosis inoitika mumhuka dzepamusoro yakafanana neiyo cleavage process, asi haina kutorwa senzira yekuberekesa pabonde. Muzvirimwa nzira mbiri dzekubereka dzinogona kucherechedzwa, dzepabonde uye dzisiri dzepabonde. Mumiti yepamusoro, kuberekana kwepabonde inoitwa nenzira yembeu, nepo asexual reproduction ine nzira dzakasiyana siyana.

Mhando dzekubereka kweasexual muzvirimwa

asexual kuberekana mumiti nemaruva

Muzvirimwa, rudzi urwu rwekubereka runogona kuitika kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzekubereka kana nzira. Saka ndeipi nzira yekuberekesa asexual mune iyi kesi? Aya ndiwo marudzi akasiyana ekubereka kweasexual muzvirimwa:

  • Stolons: madzinde matete anoumba pamusoro pevhu, madzinde aya anoumba midzi yakaparadzana, inozobereka vanhu vatsva.
  • Rhizomes: Aya ndiwo madzinde anoramba achikura anokura pasi pevhu kana pamusoro pevhu uye anogadzira midzi inoyevedza kubva painokura zvirimwa zvitsva.
  • Kucheka: Ndiwo zvikamu kana zvikamu zvehunde panogadzirwa vanhu vatsva. Kuti uite izvi, kucheka kunofanira kuvigwa muvhu uye kunogona kurapwa nehomoni.
  • Graft: Inosanganisira kuisa mabuds mumitswe muhunde yechirimwa chine midzi. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mumiti yemichero.
  • Kupora: Iwo madiki buds anokwanisa kupararira kubva padzinde. Izvo zvinowanzoita bryophytes uye ferns.
  • Parthenogenesis: Vanhu vanokwanisa kugadzira mbeu pasina kuisa fetereza muzai.
  • Budding: Iro kupatsanurwa kusina kuenzana uko mabuds, mapundu kana mapundu anoumba pachirimwa chemubereki. Izvi, sezvavanokura nekukura, vanogona kuparadzaniswa kubva kune chikuru chirimwa uye kuva vanhu vatsva, asi vakaenzana nayo.
  • Vaparadzire: nekuwana zvirimwa zvakangofanana, zvinomera zvitsva zvinogona kugadzirwa izvo zvinoenderana nedzimwe nharaunda, inokurumidza uye inoshanda michina. Nechikonzero ichi, rudzi urwu rwekuparadzira rwakanakira nzvimbo dzisingakodzere kuuchika mbeu.
  • Mashizha nemidzi: Mune mamwe marudzi, mashizha anogona kubereka zvinomera. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinomera zvinonamatira kumashizha kusvikira zvanyatsogadzirwa uye zvinogona kuparadzaniswa. Dzinobva dzawira pasi, padzinodzika midzi. Izvi zvinoitikawo kune zvimedu zvemidzi.
  • Kupora: Chipenyu chinoumba spores, idiki uye nyore kupararira, uye kana ikawana mamiriro akanaka, inobereka itsva. Sporulation inofananidzira ferns uye bryophytes.

Mienzaniso yemiti ine asexual kuberekana

kubereka patsva mumiti

Sezvatakambotaura, kune zvinomera zvinomera uye zvinobereka, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekubereka rwazvinoshandisa. Zvimwe zvinomera zvinobereka zvisina kufanira ndezvi:

  • Kalanchoe: Iwo ma succulents, kazhinji anoparadzirwa kubva pamichero kana mashizha akasara. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri nyore kuvabudisazve. Mune izvi zvinyorwa tinokuratidza iwe +40 Kalanchoe uye Kalanchoe kuchengetwa kwemiti.
  • Tulips: Dzinowanzo berekana dzichishandisa magirobhu, ari madzinde ane nyama kubva panobva zvinomera zvitsva zvinokura pasi pevhu. Iwe unogona kudzidza nezve 15 mababu mune chimwe chinyorwa, uye maitiro ekuchengetedza tulips muhari mune chimwe chinyorwa.
  • Shumba mazino: Vanowanzo kubereka sexually kana ne spores.
  • Cypress: Vanowanzo kubereka sexually (kashoma) nekubereka kwechirume kwechirume, umo vanoburitsa diploid pollen tsanga inoumba embryo kana yasvika kumukadzi seimwe cypress.
  • Dahlia: chirimwa chisingaperi chiri pedyo nesunflower, chinoparadzirwa nemachubhu
  • Brachiaria: Yakajairika chirimwa munzvimbo dzinopisa, inobereka neapomixis.
  • panicum: Chirimwa chemhuri yeBrachiaria uye nzvimbo dzinopisa. Inobereka asexually neapomixis.
  • Cenchus: igwenzi remamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati uye anopisa anoberekana neapomixis.
  • Green algae: Iboka guru rema algae anoberekana ne spores, achigadzira vanhu vakafanana. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pavo mune chimwe chinyorwa pamusoro pezvinonzi green algae, maitiro, marudzi uye mienzaniso.
  • Shuwa: Ichi chirimwa chine mukurumbira nekuti chinowana shuga kubva kwachiri. Kazhinji inodzokorora nekudyara zvimedu zvevanhu vekare. Chaizvoizvo, kureruka kwayo kwekupararira kunobvumira kushandiswa kwayo kwekutengesa.
  • Hanyanisi: Ndechimwe chezvirimwa zvinonyanya kufarirwa zvekutengesa uye zvinodyiwa uye zvinorimwa pasi rose. Chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti hanyanisi inoberekana zviri nyore kuburikidza nemarara emidzi.
  • Malamadre kana Ribhoni Chirimwa: Chirimwa chinorimwa mudzimba chinobereka vanhu vatsva kubva kumidzi nemapazi. Inoonekwa sechirimwa chinopinda uye chisingaperi. Pano tinokuudza kuti ungatarisira sei tepi fekitari.
  • Gladioli: Chibereko chine huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu zvinokura maitiro akasiyana zvichienderana nembesa dzadzinenge dzaonekwa. Vanogona kubereka kuburikidza nebudding.

Sezvauri kuona, kubereka kweasexual muzvirimwa kunogona kunakidza kana zvasvika pakukwanisa kubereka huwandu hukuru hwevanhu kuti uvandudze goho mukurima. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve asexual kubereka muzvirimwa uye maitiro ayo.


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  1. Inotarisira iyo data: Miguel Ángel Gatón
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