Kana tichitaura nezve ecosystems uye zvakasikwa, pfungwa inozivikanwa nezita re biome. Iyo biome inoenderana neakasikwa biology uye sainzi uye ipfungwa zvakare inoshandiswa mumamiriro ekunze. Biome inzvimbo yenzvimbo inowanzo kuve yakakura muhukuru uye mune mapoka emhuka nezvirimwa zvinosara munzvimbo ino nekuda kwekugona kwazvinofanira kugadzirisa nharaunda. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ivo vanokwanisa kugara mune zvakatipoteredza zvakavatenderedza kunyangwe paine shanduko mumamiriro ekunze.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve biome uye ndeapi marudzi akasiyana aripo.
Chii chinonzi biome
Tiri kutaura nezvenzvimbo inogona kugara zvirimwa nemhuka nekuti zvine hunyanzvi hwekuenderana nharaunda. Iyo inzvimbo yenzvimbo ine hunhu hunokosha zvese kubva mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza se biotic uye abiotic agentss. Musiyano uyo unotara nzvimbo yekuparadzirwa kwemhuka nemhando dzemiti mamiriro ekunze. Iko kusiana kunonyanya kukanganisa kugoverwa kwemhuka uye zvipenyu zvezvirimwa. Nemhando yevhu iripo munzvimbo, mamwe marudzi ezvirimwa anogona kugadzirwa ayo anokwanisa kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka.
Kune izvi zvese, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndiwo mamiriro ekunze anosarudzira kuvepo kweimwe biome kana imwe.
Mhando huru
Nekuda kwekuita kwemunhu uye nemhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, shanduko dziri kutora nzvimbo mune hunhu hwemamiriro ekunze padanho repasirese. Mazhinji emarudzi anogara munzvimbo dzechisikirwo haakwanise kuchinjika uye kurarama mukutarisana nemamiriro matsva uye mamiriro matsva. Idzo mhando dzisingakwanise kugadzirisa uye dzinopedzisira dzafa.
Biome inonyanya kukanganisa hunhu hwenzvimbo dzechisikigo. Kana iyo biome iine hushoma hushoma hwerimwe rudzi, chinhu chakakosha kudzikamisa kupona kwezvasara. Ngatirege kukanganwa kuti mhuka dzese dzakabatana newebhu webhu. Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzidze kuti biomes inoshandurwa nezviito zvevanhu. Izvi zviito zvinokwanisa kushandura kuenzana kwechisikigo kwezvinhu izvo zvinoumba. Kune akawanda marudzi anogara mubiome uye mazhinji acho haanyatso kuzivikanwa.
Kukosha kweiyo biome
Munharaunda yanhasi yemaguta uye ine maindasitiri, zvakaoma kuona kukosha kwakakosha kwezvirimwa munyika. Kune vanhu vazhinji vasingatendi kuti zvirimwa zvinoita basa rakakosha pasi. Chinhu chakanyanya kukosha chinoita kuti zvidyarwa zvive zvakakosha muhupenyu hwedu ndezvekuti dai zvisipo, hupenyu hwemhuka paPasi hungafe.. Ndokunge, mhuka dzinodya zvipuka dzaisakwanisa kudya nekudaro mhuka dzinodya dzaisazove nechikafu. Iyo cheni yaizodamburwa uye kushanda kwechero zvisikwa zvipenyu zvaizoparadzwa. Izvozvo zvingatikanganisawo. Ndokunge, tinodya zvirimwa zvakawanda kuti tiwane zvinovaka muviri kuhutano hwedu uye nekuita kwedu mashandiro. Asi isu tinodyawo mhuka, ndosaka zvirimwa nemhuka zvakakosha kuhupenyu hwepasi. Zvisinei, zvirimwa zvoga, zvizhinji zvacho, kana zvaigona kurarama zvisina mhuka.
Isu tinofanirwa zvakare kutaura kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha izvo isu nezvimwe zvipenyu zvinoda kurarama oxygen. Izvi zvinogadzirwa nemiti, saka isu tine chimwe chikonzero chekutaura kuti ivo vakakosha kwazvo muhupenyu hwepasi. Ichionekwa neimwe nzira, zvirimwa zvinoda kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inofuridzirwa nemhuka kuitira kuti photosynthesize. Photosynthesis inzira yakakosha yemarudzi ese ehupenyu hwemiti nemhuka uye, zvechokwadi, zvedu.
Mhando dzebiomes munyika
Kuti biome izivikanwe saizvozvi, pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana siyana zvekutarisa. Chekutanga pane zvese mamiriro ekunze. Iko kugoverwa kwenzvimbo yenzvimbo yakati kunokanganisa mabiomes anoinyora. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti uzive mhando yemashandisirwo ayo mhuka nezvirimwa zvinogona kuva nazvo kuti zvirambe zvichikura mubiome. Panogona kunge paine shanduko dzinogona kuitika mune biome inokonzerwa nezviito zvevanhu, asiwo zvisikwa zvikonzero.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzebiomes dziripo dzakakamurwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yavanokura. Naizvozvo, isu tinowana iyo yepasi uye yegungwa biomes. Ngatione kuti ndeapi makuru:
Dzenyika biomes
Ndidzo dzinokura pasi uye dzine huswa hwakawanda uye mhuka dzakasiyana siyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo uye kukwirira kwazvinowanikwa.
- Tundra: Ivo vanoonekwa neakanyanya kudzikira tembiricha uye zvakanyanya kuomarara mamiriro ekupona kwehupenyu.
- Masango: kune marudzi mazhinji emasango. Kune masango anopisa, ayo anopisa, anodziya, akanyorova, emukati, nezvimwe. Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve nenhamba yakakura yezvirimwa nemhuka.
- Grasslands: Ivo vane yakawanda yakawanda yemiti, huswa uye akasiyana marudzi emaruva emiti. Ivo vane mwaka unosanaya uye inonaya imwe ine tembiricha inogamuchirwa uye yakagadzikana gore rese. Kutenda kune aya mamiriro akatsiga, mamwe marudzi mazhinji anogona kurarama zvakanaka mune izvi zvisikwa.
- Gwenga: Iyo ndiyo inonyanya kupisa pasi. Icho chakapesana neiyo tundra. Inoonekwa nemamiriro ayo ekunze ekunze ekushisa kwakanyanya uye kwakanyanya kunaya kwemvura.
Mvura yakachena biomes
Isu tava kurondedzera mabiomes ane hunhu hukuru hwekuti zvipenyu zvinogara mumvura yakachena. Kudzika kwemvura, kudziya, kutonga kwemvura, etc. Ndidzo musiyano mukuru. Aya biomes madhamu, hova, nzizi, madziva, uye materu, pakati pevamwe. Wetlands akakodzera zvakanyanya pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze sezvo iwo ari musha kune akawanda marudzi ari zviratidzo zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kana tiri mudziva kana rwizi tinoona nzvimbo dzizere nemosesi, tinogona kuziva kuti kune zvipenyu zvinogara mumvura uye zvinofudza pazviri kuti zvirarame. Iwo mameseji anoratidza nzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya, sezvo vachida kuti vararame.
Marine biomes
Marine biomes anosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune akachena emvura mabhaomes mune iwo anochengeta mvura yemunyu. Pakati pavo tinowana makungwa, makungwa, nzizi uye matombo ekorari. Iyo marine biome ndiyo hombe pasi.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve chinonzi biome uye hunhu hwayo hukuru.