Isu tose tinobvumirana kuti maruva ane runako rwakakosha. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi ivo vanozivikanwa zvikuru pakushongedza dzimba, magadheni, migwagwa uye mapaki. Vamwe isu tingada kupfuura vamwe, asi kukosha kwavo kunopfuura kure aesthetics. Tichajekesa chokwadi ichi nekutaura munyaya ino nezvekukosha kwemaruva mune zvakasikwa.
Kuti tinyatsoinzwisisa, tichatsanangurawo chii chaizvo maruva, ndeapi marudzi akasiyana aripo uye ndeapi mabasa avo uye kukosha mune zvakasikwa.
Chii chinonzi maruva muzvisikwa?
Tisati tataura nezvekukosha kwemaruva mune zvakasikwa, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti chii. Icho chinongova chimiro iyo chinangwa chikuru ndechekuberekana kwemarudzi ayo. Kazhinji vane chimiro chakanaka, chine mavara uye chinoyevedza, chinoita kuti miriwo inotumbuka iwedzere kushongedza zvinhu. Zvisikwa zvakazviita nenzira iyi nemaune, nokuti kukwezva kukuru kwemaruva hakusi kutikwezva chete, asiwo zvipembenene zvakawanda neshiri dzinobatsira kuparadzira mukume nemhodzi dzemaruva, nokudaro zvichifarira kuberekana kwemiti. .
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti maruva ane zvikamu zvakasiyana, zvichienderana nebonde ravari (murume, mukadzi kana hermaphrodite). Izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosha:
- Sepals: Iwo mashizha ane basa rekufukidza nekudzivirira ruva richiri diki. Kana ichitumbuka, sepals inogara pazasi.
- Petals: Vanogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana uye mavara. Basa rayo nderekukwezva mapollinator, senyuchi. Zvisinei, kune mamwe maruva asina petals. Aya anonzi apétalas.
- Gynoecium kana pistil: Inhengo yechikadzi yeruva. Inogara maovules anoburitsa mbeu mushure mekuiswa fetiraiza. Iyo pistil yakaita sebhodhoro uye inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu. Yepamusoro ndiyo stigma, panopinda mukume. Iyo bhodhoro ndiyo inenge iri sitaira yozouya ovary, kunova ndiko kunowanikwa mazai.
- Stamens: Mastameni inhengo yechirume yeruva. Mitsara inotsigira inonzi anther, inova nhengo ine basa rekuburitsa nekuchengeta tsanga dzemukume. Mapundu aya ndiwo magametes echirume.
Ndeapi marudzi emaruva aripo mune zvakasikwa?
Kana zvasvika pakusiyanisa marudzi akasiyana emaruva mumasikirwo, zvakakosha kuziva kuti miti inogona kugoverwa mumapoka maviri makuru: Angiosperms uye Gymnosperms. Iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kuratidzwa nekusaburitsa maruva. Iwo anowanzo kuve echinyakare kupfuura ekutanga uye anoberekana zvakanyanya ne spores. Muenzaniso wakanaka wemhando iyi yemuriwo ingave ferns.
Pane kudaro, zvinomera zviri chikamu cheangiosperms dzinobudisa maruva. Kutaura zvazviri, kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana: Pakati pe250 ne400 maruva akasiyana. Iri boka guru rezvirimwa rinogona kukamurwazve kuita mapoka maviri:
- Monocotyledonous zvinomera: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, vane cotyledon imwe chete, inova shizha rekutanga rinoberekwa mushure mekumera kwembeu. Mumhando iyi yemiriwo, mashizha ane tsinga dzinomhanya dzakafanana kwavari, pasina kutanga kubva kune imwechete yepakati. Midzi yemiti ye monocotyledonous ine chimiro chakafanana, sezvo isingatangi kubva pamudzi mukuru uye inokura mune akawanda mafibhi ega ega. Iyi ingave mimwe mienzaniso: Maruva, daffodils, tulips uye orchids.
- Dicot zvinomera: Kune rimwe divi, dicot zvirimwa zvine maviri cotyledons. Mashizha eiyi ane tsinga yepakati apo mamwe anotanga nenzira ine mapazi uye anovhara shizha rose. Chimiro chemidzi chakafanana zvikuru, sezvo zviduku zvinotanga kubva kune imwe huru, mashizha kusvikira avhara nzvimbo yakawanda. Pakati pezvinomera dicotyledonous daisies, roses uye begonias, pakati pevamwe.
Kune zvakare imwe nzira yekuisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemaruva: Maruva akazara uye maruva asina kukwana. Yekutanga ndeye hermaphrodites uye ine zvese zvakakosha zvinhu, zvakaita semaruva. Kune rumwe rutivi, maruva asina kukwana ndeemunhu mumwe chete, sezvo asina zvinhu zvose, asi chete stamens kana pistils. Mimwe mienzaniso ingave maringazuva uye daisies.
Maruva anokosha sei muzvisikwa?
Sezvatakambotaura kare, maruva ndiwo maitiro ekubereka emiti. Nokudaro, kukosha kwayo maererano nekuwanda kwemhando iyi yemiti inooneka. Zvakadaro, kubatsira kwayo kunowedzera zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo isingafaniri kurerutswa. Nekuda kwerubatsiro rwekubereka rwavanopa, mhando dzemiti dzakawanda dzinokwanisa kuwanda uye kusatsakatika. Naizvozvo, vanogona kuramba vachipa mamwe masevhisi ayo isu nemhuka nezvimwe zvipenyu tinogona kutora mukana nawo, sekudya.
Uye saka isu tinouyawo kune inotevera pfungwa iyo kukosha kwemaruva mune zvakasikwa inomira: Chikafu. Izvi zvimiro zvezvirimwa zvinoshanda sechikafu chemarudzi akawanda uye nenzira dzakasiyana. Kune rimwe divi, dzimwe mhuka dzinodzidya dzese setsuro. Asi kunewo zvisikwa zvipenyu zvinodya nekita, sehummingbirds, butterflies, nyuchi uye kunyange mamwe marudzi ezviremwaremwa, pakati pezvimwe. Mukuwedzera, tinopedzawo maruva. Iri kuramba ichiwedzera fashoni kubika nemakumbo ayo uye kuita infusions.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chatinofanira kutaura ndechekuti kushandiswa kwemaruva mishonga. Sezvaungangove watoziva kare, mimwe mishonga inogadzirwa neichi chirimwa zvimiro. Nekudaro, ivo havangobatsiri chete kwatiri kurapa matambudziko ehutano, asiwo kune mhuka. Vakawanda vavo vanokwanisa kusiyanisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana emaruva maererano nemigumisiro yavanogona kuva nayo pane zvipenyu zvavo. Naizvozvo, vanodya imwe kana imwe zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa panguva iyoyo.
Pasina mubvunzo, maruva zvinhu zvekushongedza zvakanyanya zvinoita kuti maziso emunhu afare. Nekudaro, mashandisiro ayo, mabasa uye zvivakwa zvakakosha muzvikamu zvakawanda zvehupenyu sezvatinozviziva nhasi.