Fungidzira kuti panzvimbo yekubatidza mwenje kana kwasviba, unogona kuverenga bhuku nechiedza chechirimwa chinopenya padhesiki rako, kana kufamba pasi pechiedza chemuti wakajeka pane magetsi emagetsi. The zvinomera zvinopenya Yakagara iri chinhu chekudzidza nemasayendisiti.
Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti zvii zvinopenya zvinomera uye kuti ndezvipi zvidzidzo zviripo pazviri.
Zvidzidzo pazvinomera zvinopenya
Mainjiniya kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) muCambridge (Massachusetts, USA) vakatora matanho anokosha ekutanga kuita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anoita seanyangarika mungano dzesainzi.
Chikwata chinotungamirwa naDr. Michael Strano, purofesa akakurumbira weinjiniya yemakemikari paMassachusetts Institute of Technology, akabatanidza nhevedzano yeakakosha nanoparticles (microscopic particles) mumashizha emiti yecress, zvichiita kuti vabudise chiedza chisina kujeka kwemaawa angangoita mana.
Vatsvagiri vanotenda kuti kana vakwanisa kukwenenzvera iyi nanotechnology, zvidyarwa zvinopenya zvakakwana kuvhenekera nzvimbo dzebasa. Chikwata kubva kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology chakarima zvinomera zvinogona kupenya kweanenge maawa mana uye kuvhenekera mapeji ebhuku padhuze.
Iyi tekinoroji inogona zvakare kushandiswa kupa yakaderera-yakanyanya mwenje wemukati kana kushandura miti kuita otomatiki mwenje yemumugwagwa.
Zvakanakira zvinopenya zvinomera
Ndeapi mabhenefiti makuru uye mabhenefiti ekushandisa zvirimwa zvinopenya kuvhenekera mukati nemigwagwa? Kugadzira zvirimwa zvipenyu zvekuburitsa chiedza chinooneka uye kuvheneka kwakasimba kunomanikidza nekuti zvidyarwa zvine yakazvimirira kugadzirwa kwesimba uye nzira dzekuchengeta.
Zvirimwa zvine kaviri kabhoni negative, zvinoreva kuti vanodya CO2 nekugadzira mafuta uye ivo pachavo chigadzirwa chekabhoni sequestration (kushandurwa kwe CO2 kuita organic compounds) mumhepo. Kana iyo tekinoroji yagadziridzwa, vaongorori vanoti, vanozokwanisa kuvheneka nzvimbo dzese dzebasa kana kushandiswa kuvhenekera veruzhinji.
Zvidyarwa ndizvo zvekupedzisira mukuchengetedza biomimetic mwenje isingatsamiri pane chero hupfumi hwevanhu uye inogadzirisa zvakanaka kune kunze nharaunda. Vanozvigadzirisa, vagara varipo kwatinoda kuti vashande semagetsi emagetsi, vanorarama uye vanoramba vari mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana, vane mvura yavo pachavo, uye vanoitawo zvose zviri pamusoro apa vakazvimirira.
Zvinomera zvisingawanzoitiki
Izvo zvinonzi "nanobionic plants" inzvimbo itsva yekutsvakurudza inosimudzirwa nerabhoritari yeStrano, iyo inobatanidza zvakasiyana-siyana. mhando dze nanoparticles uye zvirimwa zveinjiniya kutora akawanda emabasa zvino anoitwa nemidziyo yemagetsi.
Maererano neMIT, boka reStrano rakatoshandisa teknolojia kune injini yemiti inogona kuona kuputika uye kutumira ruzivo irworwo kune smartphone, pamwe nemiriwo ine magetsi emagetsi mumashizha avo anopindura paanonyevera kana mvura yakaderera.
Agency masayendisiti akagadzirawo nanobionic chirimwa chinokwanisa kutora anopfuura makumi matatu muzana emagetsi echiedza, akaisa kabhoni nanotubes mumasero anoburitsa photosynthesis, uye akaita kuti zvikwanise kuona zvinosvibisa zvakaita senitric oxide gasi.
Chikwata chaProfessor Strano chakambogadzira nanobionic zvidyarwa zvine yakagadziridzwa photosynthesis uye kugona kuona gasi rakasvibiswa, zvinoputika uye kusanaya kwemvura.
«Lighting, iyo inotora chikamu che20 muzana chekushandiswa kwesimba pasi rose, ndechimwe chezvinangwa zvine musoro zveaya chaiwo tekinoroji tekinoroji," Strano akadaro, achicherechedza kuti "Miti inogona kuzvigadzirisa pachayo, ine simba rayo, uye yakajairana nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kugadzira zvidyarwa zvavo zvinopenya, timu yeMIT yakashandura luciferase, iyo enzyme inoita kuti zvipfukuto zvipenye. Luciferase inoshanda pane imwe molecule inonzi luciferin, ichiita kuti ibudise chiedza, asi imwe molecule inonzi coenzyme A inobatsira maitiro nekubvisa byproduct ye biochemical reaction iyo inhibits basa re luciferin enzyme.
Nanoparticles nemiriwo pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya
Chikwata cheMIT chakarongedza chimwe nechimwe chezvitatu izvi mumhando dzakasiyana dzeanotakura nanoparticles akagadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakanzi "zvinowanzo zivikanwa seyakachengeteka" neUS Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Iyo inopenya yeMIT logo chirimwa chakadhindwa pamaroketi blades, ayo anopinzwa nemusanganiswa we nanoparticles.
Sekureva kwechikwata chaStrano, aya nanoparticles anobatsira chimwe nechimwe chikamu kusvika pachikamu chaicho chechirimwa uye ivo vanodzivirira izvo zvikamu kubva pakusvika kumazinga angave ane chepfu kune chirimwa pachacho.
Maererano nevanyori veDhipatimendi reUnited States reEnergy-mari-funded, vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa silica nanoparticles kutakura luciferase uye zvishoma zvishoma zvimedu zvepolymers PLGA uye chitosan kutakura luciferin uye coenzyme A, zvichiteerana.
Kubatanidza inotakura nanoparticles mumashizha echirimwa, vaongorori vakatanga vakamisa nanoparticles mune yemvura mhinduro, ndokunyudza zvirimwa mumvura, uye pakupedzisira vakaisa dzvinyiriro huru kumiti kumanikidza zvimedu mumashizha kuburikidza nediki pores inonzi stomata, maererano. MIT.
Pakutanga kweprojekti, vatsvakurudzi vakagadzira zvirimwa izvo Vakapenya kweanenge maminetsi makumi mana neshanu uye kubva ipapo vakanatsa maitiro ekuita kuti vapenye kwemaawa 45.
Parizvino, 10-centimita mhodzi yecress inobereka chikamu chechuru chehuwandu hwechiedza chinodiwa kuverenga, asi vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti vanogona kuwedzera huwandu hwechiedza chinobudiswa uye nguva yesimba rechiedza ichi nekuwedzera kuwedzera chiyero.
Luciferase inoshanda pamorekuru inonzi luciferin uye inoimanikidza kupenya. Morekuru inonzi coenzyme A inobatanidzwawo mukuita uku., izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore.
Imwe neimwe yezvikamu izvi inotakurwa nenanoparticle, iyo inova nechokwadi chekuti inosvika panzvimbo chaiyo uye inovadzivirira kuti vasatarise pane imwe nzvimbo, inogona kuve muchetura kuchirimwa. Vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuita kuti zvirimwa zvipenye kweanenge maawa matatu nehafu.
Uye kunyangwe chiedza chavanowana chiri chidiki, vanotenda kuti zvinokwanisika kuwedzera kusimba uye nguva yechiedza. Kusiyana nemiedzo yapfuura, iyo yakakwanisa kuita kuti mhando dzezvirimwa dzipenye kuburikidza nemaitiro akaomarara, nzira yakagadziriswa neMIT vaongorori inogona kushandiswa kune chero mhando yechirimwa.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve izvo zvinomera zvinopenya uye maitiro avo.