Endive, inozivikanwawo sekuti curly chicory, muriwo unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumasaladhi nekuti une zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri zvinobatsira kwazvo kwatiri, senge cobalt, iron, magnesium uye zinc. Vanewo zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai sekuda kudya, zvinokurudzira kudya, kuchenesa, diuretic, laxative, inozorodza uye tonic. Mukuwedzera kune multivitamins yakadai sevhitamini A, B1, B2, C uye K. Izvi ndizvo zvikonzero nei vanhu vakawanda vachishamisika kuti sei chirimwa escarole.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze nguva uye sei yekudyara escarole uye ndeapi maficha aunofanirwa kufunga nezvawo.
Zvinodiwa pakudyara escarole
Temperatura
Kufanana nekabichi, escarole inoshivirira tembiricha yakaderera zviri nani pane kupisa kwakanyanya. Tembiricha ichange iri pakati pehupamhi hwe30 ºC uye hushoma hwe6 ºC, kunyangwe escarole ichikwanisa kutsungirira tembiricha kusvika -6 ºC. Mutsika, panguva yekukura. 14-18ºC inodiwa mukati mezuva uye 5-8ºC usiku.
- Mumwoyo we endive, 10-12ºC inodiwa masikati uye 3-5ºC usiku.
- Ivhu tembiricha haifanire kudonha pasi pe6-8°C.
- Tembiricha inodiwa kumera kuri pa22-24ºC kwemazuva 2-3.
Humidity
Nekuti endive midzi midzi idiki kwazvo kana ichienzaniswa neaya dzemuchadenga, inonzwa zvakanyanya nekushaikwa kwehunyoro uye haigone kushivirira nguva yekusanaya kwemvura, zvisinei ipfupi, sezvo ichikonzera "kupisa muromo" uye kufarira "maruva".
Naizvozvo, mukutanga 30 cm yevhu, unyoro hwevhu hunofanira kugara huri pedyo ne60% yehuwandu hwayo mumunda. Kuwedzera kwehunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza kunofadza kuonekwa kwezvirwere.
Ini ndinowanzo
Ivhu rakanakisa pachirimwa ichi nderimwe rine dongo revhu. Inotsigira acidity zviri nani pane alkalinity. Iyo yakakwana pH iri pakati pe6 ne7. Inofarira acidity kune alkalinity. Ivhu riri mukati mechirimwa chese rinofanirwa kugara rakanyorova, kunyangwe denga repamusoro richifanira kuoma kuti mutsipa usaora.
Matanho ekudyara escarole
Endive chirimwa chinotenderera chakareba uye chisina kutsanangurwa, sezvo kucheka kunogona kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya kana kushoma, zvichienderana nehuremu hunodiwa, kudiwa kwemusika uye kunyangwe kurongeka kwebasa repurazi.
Kutanga nyika icharuramiswa; kunyanya panyaya yevhu rakazara mvura. Zvadaro, miforo ichaenderera mberi uye pakupedzisira muchina wemugomo unozotara nzvimbo yezvirimwa, kunze kwekugadzira miforo midiki yekugonesa dripper kana kudiridza kwenzvimbo kwashandiswa.
Kudyara mukireshi kunongoitwa pachishandiswa mbeu dzepelletized. Mbesa dzinogara mukireshi mazuva ari pakati pe30 ne35. 260-unit polystyrene trays ichashandiswa Vachaiswa mukamuri ine tembiricha ye20-25ºC.
Zvadaro, matireyi akaendeswa kune greenhouse ine antithrips mesh kudzivirira kutapurirana hutachiona. Matireyi acho achagadziriswa kudzivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere.
Kusimwa kunowanzoitwa nemaoko, kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwevashanduri kuchangotanga. escarole inogona kuiswa mumitsara imwe chete kana miviri ine nzvimbo ye 30 kusvika 40 cm pakati pemiti. Kudyara kunowanzova pakati pe45.000 ne55.000 zvirimwa pahekita.
Kudiridza uye manyowa
Muvhiki yekutanga mushure mekudyara, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa nharembozha yekumwaya yekudiridza. Munguva yekutanga yezvinomera zvechirimwa, mwando wevhu unofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kuti usimudzire midzi uye kukura kwemidzi.
Kuwanda kwemadiridziro kunoenderana nerudzi rwevhu, munyu wemvura uye nemamiriro ekunze. Kazhinji, mvura mazuva ose 1-2, kunze kwevhu rejecha raunofanira kudiridza kanopfuura kamwe chete pazuva.
Chirongwa chekudiridza chichava chinhu chekutanga mangwanani kana masikati machena Kana ikadiridzwa mumamiriro okunze ekupisa, kusawirirana kunogona kuitika, zvichiita kuti mashizha ave yero uye kuoma mitezo yezvinomera.
Pakurima magreenhouse, fetiraiza inoenderana nechirimwa chisati chaiswa lettuce uye mushure. 3 kg/m2 yefetereza yakaora zvakanaka inogona kupihwa kana zvirimwa zvichazoda, zvisingaite kana chirimwa chakatangira endive chaiswa fetereza.
A common base fetireza ine 50 g/m2 yecompound fertilizer 8-15-15, kunyangwe izvi zvisingawanzo kudikanwa mumagreenhouses sezvo endive inowanzova chibage chechipiri chekuzadza zviyo.
Chirimwa chine potassium yakawanda inodiwa. Mumadiridziro egiravhiti, mwero wekushandisa fetiraiza mulch ungangoita 3 g/m2 yenitrogen pakudiridzira, uye hapana chinodarika 10 g/m2. Kana kudiridza kusingadiwi, fetereza yefoliar inogona kuiswa apo zvirimwa zvinoda kuiswa nitrogen.
Kuchena pakudyara escarole
Kudzora sora kunofanirwa kuitwa nenzira yakabatana kuti kuderedze kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemabasa ekusakura. Mukurima endive kurwisa masora epagore, Propyzamide 40% inokurudzirwa seyakanyanya kuturika pachiyero che1,75-3,75 l/ha.
Mu escarole, chinangwa ndechekuchenesa mashizha uye kuderedza kuvava kwavo. Blanching inogona kuitwa nenzira dzakawanda, zvichienderana nerudzi rwe lettuce:
- Kana iri yakakura diameter curly chicory, Zvinoitwa nekusunga mashizha ekunze neraffia, esparto kana chero chimwe chinhu.
- Mune diki caliber curly chicory, inoitwa uchishandisa inverted bhero.
- Kune endive yakapfava, blanch nekupeta shizha rimwe nerimwe mukati kuti uite "musoro wemhando," iyo inotsikirirwa pamwe chete kuti iite nzvimbo yemashizha machena. Kana zvikamu zvemhando yepamusoro zvichidikanwa kune rudzi urwu, Vanogonawo kugadziriswa pasi vachishandisa inverted white polyethylene chivharo nematanda esimbi.
- Iwe unogona zvakare kuvhara kana mumvuri zvirimwa nemapepa epurasitiki akawanda kana mashoma.
Sezvauri kuona, kudyara escarole kunoda ivhu, madiridziro nekuchengetedza zvinofanirwa kuzadziswa kana tichida kuva negoho rakanaka. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekudyara escarole, maitiro ayo uye nguva yekudyara.