Diatoms

Diatoms zvidiki izvo zvatinogona kuwana mumakungwa, mumatope nenzizi. Izvo hazvionekwe neziso rakashama, asi nekuda kwemahunyanzvi maikorosikopu zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa dzakasiyana siyana dzakasiyana mhando. Kutaura zvazviri, zviuru makumi maviri zvakawanikwa.

Dzese dziri chikamu chephytoplankton, iyo inoumbwa nenhevedzano yezvipuka zvemumvura zvinoita photosynthesis. Ivo akakosha kwazvo kuhupenyu hwepasi, sezvo vachigadzira inopfuura hafu yemweya we oxygen watinofema, uye zvakare inotora yakawanda yakawanda kabhoni dhayokisaidhi (ingangoita gumi magigatoni pagore zvinoenderana neNational Geographic).

Ndeapi ma diatoms uye ndeapi maitiro awo?

Diatoms iwo ari mashoma microscopic algae iri reboka hombe reHeterokontophyta. Mariri mune brown uye heterotrophic algae, senge oomycetes. Izvo hazvina flagella, saka ruzhinji rwezvipenyu harugone kufamba roga; kunyangwe paine vamwe vanogona, nekubvumirana nerusero rwavo.

Iwo anowanzo gadzirwa nesero rimwe chete, kunyangwe zvichikosha kujekesa kuti kune mamwe anogadzira maseru emaketani, senge eiyo genus Fragillaria. Chii chimwe, vane rusero rusvingo, rwunonzi kushungurudzika, runodzivirira nyuchi inogadzirwa nesilica, chinova chimwe chezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nevanhu kugadzira girazi. Maumbirwo ayo anosiyana, asi unogona kuona zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvinozvikamura.

Kuti udzivise kunyura, zvinoitwa nemarudzi mazhinji kudzora lipids dzavari mukati memusero. Chii chimwe, sezvavanowanzo gadzira macheni, njodzi yekunyura yakaderera. Uye kwete izvo chete, asi nenzira iyo ivo vanokwanisa kutora mwenje wakawanda uye, pamwe nawo, kuita photosynthesis.

Kamwe diatom parinofa, pamwe nekuti rasvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwaro kana nekuti rakamedzwa, rinowira pasi pegungwa, apo rinonyorova. Nekufamba kwenguva, ma diatoms anowanda muivhu, diatomites uye moronites fomu, ayo ari sedimentary matombo.

Iyo inofungidzirwa kuve yakatanga muJurassic nguva, makore mazana maviri emamiriyoni apfuura. Ikozvino, ekare masara akawanikwa kubva paPaleogene, ndiko kuti, anenge makore emamirioni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu apfuura.

Ndezvipi izvi?

Dhiatomu zvidiki izvo Vanogona kutibatsira kuziva kuti mhando yemvura chii, kana shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokanganisa sei nharaunda dzemumvura segungwa. Uyezve, kudzidza kwavo kunotibvumidza kuti tione kuti nzvimbo idzi dzashanduka sei pamusoro pemakore.

Imwe ingangodaro isingazivikanwe kushandiswa ndeye iyo kugadzirwa kwemafuta. Uye ndezvekuti ma diatom ane oleaginous algae, ayo akapera mvura uye ndokuzoteedzeredzwa nhevedzano yekurapa kusunungura zvese zvacho zvikamu. Kamwe kana yagadzirwa, mafuta akawanikwa anoshandiswa kugadzira biodiesel.

Asi zvakare vane akati wandei mafomu mukushanda gadheni, sezvo diatomaceous earth iri mushonga unoshanda unobvisa zvipembenene zvakawanda zvakajairika, zvakaita semasvosve, nduru, mamebugs. kunyange nhata. Izvo zvainoita kubaya muviri wechipembenene, kuchikonzera kufa chisina mvura. Kubva pane zvandinoona, zvinoshanda nekukurumidza, uye kuzviisa pamusoro hazvisiyi zvakasara.

Uyewo, ino inonakidza diatomaceous pasi se compost, nekuti diatoms ine zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, izvo zviri:

• Macronutrients: nitrogen, potasium uye phosphorus.
• Sekondari zvinovaka muviri: magnesium, sarufa uye calcium.
• Tsvaga zvinhu: pakati pevamwe, ine mhangura, iron, boron, molybdenum uye zinc.

Vanobereka sei?

Diatoms inobereka nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana: asexualndiko kuti, kuburikidza nesero kupatsanurwa, uye zvakare mune zvepabonde mushure memazera akati wandei, kuburitsa mageteti anopedzisira abatanidzwa kuita spores (inozove "mhodzi" dzeaya algae).

Aya ma spores anodzivirirwa zvakanyanya ne organic organic, saka anogona kukura pasina kunetsekana, nokudaro achitanga chizvarwa chitsva che diatoms. Ehe, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti, sezvazvinoitika kune akawanda masisitimu anoiswa pasi pekushushikana kwerudzi rupi zvarwo (kupisa / kutonhora, kushomeka kana kuwandisa kwevakavaka muviri, nezvimwewo), vanogona zvakare kushandisa simba ravo mukugadzira spores, kunyangwe izvi zvinongokura chete kana mamiriro ezvinhu ave nani.

Ndeipi iyo nzvimbo yediatoms?

Mhando yega yega yedhiatom inoda yakasarudzika nzvimbo yekugara. Semuenzaniso, iyo pennadas, inova iyo ine mativi ese ari maviri akaenzana, tichavawana vari mumvura yakachena; pachinzvimbo, iwo epakati, ayo ari iwo ane radial symmetry uye ayo zvakare anoramba asingafambi, anosarudza gungwa.

Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kutarisira makungwa, uye nyika. Kwete chete kune diatoms, asiwo kwedu pachedu. Rangarira kuti dzinogadzira zvinopfuura makumi mashanu kubva muzana zve okisijeni yatinoda kufema. Zvingaite senge manyepo ekuti mhuka isinga pfuure mamirimita maviri muhupamhi inogona kuve yakakosha kuhupenyu, asi studios sezvo imwe yeNational Geographic ichizviratidza.

Uye kunyangwe vasina kudaro, ndinofunga kuti kana tikachengeta Nyika, tichazvichengeta. Nekuti ndiyo yedu chete uye imba.