Nyaya inonakidza uye yakaoma panguva imwechete hapana mubvunzo kuti ndeye substrates. Zvichienderana nezvinodikanwa zvekurima zvemuti wega wega, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze munzvimbo yega yega, zvinoda chimwe chekudya kana chimwe. Izvi zvichafanirwa kubatsira midzi yavo kuti vagone kukura nenzira kwayo, uye semhedzisiro, izvi zvinokonzeresa kukura kwezvirimwa kwakanyanya.
Mazuva ano murimi webindu ane mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvinokura, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvakajairika kuti neophyte gadgeter, kunyangwe avo vatove munyika ino inonakidza yekurima kwegore, vane kusahadzika kuti ndeipi yekupa. . Kune avo vese, izvi zvinoenda substrate gwara iyo yatinotarisira kuti ichakubatsira.
Chii chinonzi substrate?
Nhema nhema
Usati wapinda zvakazara muchinyorwa chiripo, zvakafanira kuti tizive zvatinoreva kana tichitaura nezve substrate. Zvakanaka, substrate ingori a yakasimba zvinhu, zve organic, zvicherwa, kana zvakasara mavambo, ayo anoshanda sechibatiso kumuti. Inogona kushandiswa yakachena, ndiko kuti, uchishandisa imwe chete mhando ye substrate, kana kusanganisa akati wandei.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti uzive kuti ichi chinhu, kana seti yezvinhu, inogona kana kusapindira mune yekudya nzira yezvipuka.
Propiedades
Volcanic greda
Iyo yakanaka substrate ichave iyo iyo, sezvatakataura, inobatsira chirimwa kuti chikure zvine simba uye pasina dambudziko. Asi, Ndezvipi zvivakwa zvainofanira kuve nazvo kuzadzisa iri basa?
Chokwadi ndechekuti zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekukura, asi kazhinji isu tichafanirwa kusarudza imwe iri:
- Inotyisa: iyo inobanda ichave iyo isinganyanyogamuchirwa nezvakasimba zvikamu. Zvirimwa zvine hunyanzvi pakudiridza, kunze kweizvozvo emvura, uye ndosaka vachida substrate iyo isina maitiro ekuumbana, nekuti zvikasadaro midzi yavo inogona kuzarirwa.
- Yakaorera: patinotaura nezve substrate iri yakaorera, tinoreva kuti ine zvinovaka muviri izvo zvinogona kutorwa nemidzi. Uine izvi mupfungwa, zvese zvirimwa kunze kwekudya nyama zvichaita zvakakura muvhu rakaorera.
- Natural: Inogona kutaridza kunge isinganzwisisike, nekuti ma substrates ese anotorwa kubva mupasi, asi substrate yechisikigo ndiyo isina chinhu chakawedzerwa chakagadzirwa. Kunyangwe mafetiraiza emakemikari achizobatsira zvikuru kuisa fetereza mubindu redu, mune zvakasikwa zvirimwa zvine zvese zvavanoda, uye ndosaka zvichikurudzirwa kushandiswa kwezvisikwa uye zvisikwa zvigadzirwa, kusanganisira substrates. Nenzira iyi, tichava nechokwadi chekuti chirimwa hachizombopotsa chero chinhu.
Ndedzipi mhando dze substrates dzatinogona kuwana?
Muzvitoro uye muzvitoro zvebindu tinowana mhando dzakasiyana dze substrates: yakavhenganiswa, isina kuvhenganiswa ... Dzinobva kupi uye ndeapi maitiro avo makuru
akadama
akadama
La Akadama Iyo ndiyo quintessential substrate ye bonsai, inotengwa kubva kuJapan. Kubva pakaputika, ivhu rakaumbana iri rinokwanisa kuchengetedza hunyoro hwakakodzera hwezvirimwa, chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti midzi igare yakanyoroveswa uye inogona kukura nemazvo. Sezvo iine pH isina kwazvakarerekera, inogona kushandiswa kuchena kana kusanganiswa nemamwe ma substrates.
Unogona kuzvitenga pano.
kanuma
kanuma
La kanuma Iyo substrate inotengeswa kubva kuJapan, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kurima acidophilic zvirimwa, senge azaleas kana hydrangeas. Iyo inouya kubva kune yakasakara yemakomo akasara enharaunda yeKanuma. Iyo pH iri pasi, iri pakati pe4 ne5, uye ine yakajeka yeyero ruvara.
Zvitore pano.
kiryuzuna
kiryuzuna
La kiryuzuna Iyo ndeyemaminera mabviro, uye inoumbwa neyakaora ivhu revhu. Ine pH iri pakati pe6 na5, uye ine simbi yakawanda. Uye zvakare, ine hunhu hunoshamisa kuti haina kuora.
Zvitenge pano.
Mulch
Mulch
El mulch iyo substrate yepanyama iyo yatinogona kuwana muminda yedu. Hongu, hongu, zvirokwazvo: zvinogona kuitirwa kumba, nekuti inoumbwa neakaora marara emarara. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekuumbwa, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze, ichave iine brownish kana rakasviba ruvara. Iyo inochengetedza hunyoro kwenguva yakareba, mukuwedzera zvirimwa zvinowana mairi zvese zvinovaka muviri zvavanoda kuti vakure.
Pearlite
Pearlite
La perlite Icho chinhu chakakurudzirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwayo porosity. Kunyangwe ichinyatso kuziva kwatiri, igirazi rinoputika rine mvura yakawanda. Inodaidzwa saizvozvo, kana ichionekwa nemaikorosikopu, inogona kuonekwa semaparera mukati.
Tora nekutinya pano.
peat
Blond peat
La peat Iyo ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa substrate yezvirimwa. Iyo inoumbwa semarara marara munzvimbo dzine madhaka anoora. Kune mhando mbiri: dema peat uye blonde peat.
- Nhema nhema: mafomu munzvimbo dzakadzika dzakadzika. Ivo vane rakasvibira rakasvibira ruvara nekuda kwekuti zvisaririra zviri mune yepamusoro mamiriro ekuora. Vane pH iri pakati pe7 na5.
- Blond peat: mafomu pakukwirira kwakakwirira. Vane ruvara rwakatsvuka, uye pH iri pakati pe3 ne4.
Ose ari maviri anokwanisa kuchengetedza mvura, asi munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzinopisa dzinogona kuve dzakapindirana zvakanyanya.
Tora peat nhema pano uye blonde ye pano.
Vermiculite
Vermiculite
La vermiculite Icho chinhu chicherwa icho, kana chakatsamwa, chinodonhedza uye chinowedzera muhuwandu. Iyo ine yakakwira yekumwesa kugona.
Ndeipi substrate yandinoisa pamiti yangu?
Sezvo yega yega mhando yemuti inoda imwe substrate kana imwe, ngatione ndedzipi dzinonyanya kurairwa zvinoenderana nechirimwa icho chatiri kuda kurima:
Miti nemakwenzi
Delonix regia mwedzi wemwedzi
ari miti nemakwenzi Idzo zvirimwa izvo, zvinoenderana nekwakatangira, zvinokura zvirinani mune mamwe magaera kana mune mamwe. Saka, isu tine:
- Acidophilic miti uye shrub: kwavari hapana chinhu chiri nani pane kushandisa 70% akadama (chitenge pano) uye 30% blond peat (zvitore). Dzimwe sarudzo ndedze, semuenzaniso, 50% blond peat, 30% perlite uye 20% mulch.
- Miti yeMediterranean uye shrub: idzi mhando dzezvirimwa dzakagadzirirwa kumira kusanaya kwemvura, saka tinoshandisa substrates ine pH yakakura (pakati pe6 ne7), senge 70% nhema peat yakasanganiswa ne30% perlite. Kana mhando yepasi rose substrate, senge izvi.
- Miti nemakwenzi anogara munzvimbo dzinonaya mvura yakawanda: idzi mhando dzezvirimwa dzinoda hunyoro hwakakwira, saka iyo substrate iyo yatinoisa pairi inokwanisa kukwanisa kuchengetedza mvura. Nekudaro, isu tinoshandisa nhema peat (60%), iyo yatinozosanganisa ne vermiculite (30%) uye zvishoma perlite (iri kutengeswa pano).
Bonsai
Eurya Bonsai
ari bonsai iwo miti (kana makwenzi) anochengetwa mumatareyi ane substrate diki kwazvo. Kana isu tatanga basa rekushanda muti kuushandura kuita basa rehunyanzvi, chinotinakidza zvakanyanya ndechekuti hunde yawo inokura. Kune izvi, zvichave zvakakosha kusarudza substrate iyo inobvumidza iyo midzi kuti ive yakanyatsokwenenzverwa mweya, asi izvo zvinogona zvakare kubatsira muti kuti uwane chimiro.
Nekudaro, iyo inonyanya kukurudzirwa ichave iyo akadama yakasanganiswa nekiryuzuna (70% uye 30% zvichiteerana), kana kusanganiswa nekanuma (iri kutengeswa pano) kana iri mhando yeasidophilus. Zvakare, kana iwe uchida, iwe unogona kushandisa yakatarwa substrate ye bonsai, senge iyo yavanotengesa Hapana zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa..
Cactus uye zvinomera zvinonaka
Rebutia fiebrigii
ari cactus uye zvinonaka Ivo vanogara muvhu rejecha, saka iyo inonyanya kukodzera substrate yavo ichave iyo inofambisa inokurumidza uye izere mvura yemadhiraini, nekuti ivo vanowanzo kuve nematambudziko neakawanda mwando.
Uine izvi mupfungwa, zvinokurudzirwa kusanganisa 50% vermiculite ine 40% nhema peat uye 10% perlite. Musanganiswa uyu unozotiitirawo isu pamubhedha wembeu. Imwe nzira inoshanda zvakafanana ivhu recactus ravakatotengesa rakagadzirirwa, asi zvakakosha kuti rive remhando yepamusoro. Naizvozvo, tinokurudzira iyi yavanotengesa pano.
Acidophilic zvirimwa
Camellia
ari acidophilic zvirimwaKufanana nemapapu echiJapan, camellias, hydrangeas, uye mamwe, anoda substrate ine porous, asi panguva imwechete chengetedza mwero wakati wenyoro. Kunyanya kana isu tiine mhando yemiti iyi munzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze dzinovatadzisa kuve neyakajairika kukura kweanomera, ndiko kuti, ivo vari munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya (zvese zvishoma uye zvakanyanya) kwavari, zvakakosha kusarudza chikafu yemiti iyi zvakanaka.
Paunenge uchiwana akagadzirira-akagadzirwa substrates (senge izvi), izvi zvinongotinakira chete kana mamiriro ekunze akavakodzera. Zvikasadaro, isu tichafanirwa kushandisa, semuenzaniso, akadama uye kiryuzuna (70 ne30% zvichiteerana), seiyi nzira tichava takavimbisa kubudirira kwekukura izvi zvirimwa munzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzinogona kurarama.
Mapundu
Cocos nucifera kumera
ari chanza zvirimwa zvakasarudzika, zvakashongedza kwazvo, zvinokwanisa kupa iko kubata kwekunze kune chero gadheni. Nekudaro, muchikamu chevechidiki inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kuti ivo vakure muhari. Asi ... pane ipi substrate?
Tinogona chaizvo kushandisa zvakaenzana zvikamu nhema peat uye perlite, asi sezvo isu tichiedza kupa zvirimwa zvedu zvakanakisa zvezvakanaka, musanganiswa wakakodzera unosanganisira mulch (zvitore pano) uye perlite 50%. Izvo zvakare zvinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kuwedzera yekutanga layer yeamaama mukati mehari kuti mvura yakawandisa idire nyore.
Bindu nemaruva zvinomera
Tomato
Yedu gadheni nemaruva zvinomera ivo vanotenda kwazvo, zvekuti havazotikumbira kuti tiite dambudziko rakawandisa kutsvaga rakanyanya substrate ravo.
Muchokwadi, kana isu tikasanganisa 80% nhema peat ne10% perlite uye 10% mulch, isu tinowana michero ine hutano uye nekukura kwakatanhamara. Kana iwe uchitsvaga imwe nzira, uyu musanganiswa wakagadzirwa-wakagadzirwa we substrate webindu remaguta raunogona kutenga uchaita. pano.
Zvirimwa zvinodya
sundew madagascariensis
ari zvinomera zvinodyaSezvo ivo vakashanduka, ivo vakajairana kune anoshamisa mamiriro. Muvhu ravanokurira, iro rinogara riine hunyoro, hapana kana zvinovaka muviri, saka vakamanikidzwa kutsvaga chikafu chavo nekugadzirisa mashizha avo kusvikira ave misungo inoshamisa kwazvo zvakasikwa.
Tichifunga izvi, isu tichashandisa zvakasikwa blonde peat kuve nechokwadi chekuti vane hunyoro hwese hwavanoda uye, kana tichida, tichazvisanganisa nekaviri perlite kudzivirira midzi kuti isave nematambudziko nekuzadza mvura. Iwe unogona zvakare kutenga yakagadzirira-kushandisa-substrate yezvinodya nyama, senge izvi.
Sezvatinogona kuona, nyaya ye substrates yakakosha chaizvo. Naizvozvo, isu tinotarisira kuti uyu mutungamiri inoshanda kwauri kuitira kuti iwe usarudze yakanyatsokodzera zvirimwa zvako, uye kuti zvioneke zvinoyevedza.
Yakanaka chinyorwa Monica, ndiri kutanga uye pese pandinoverenga zvinyorwa zvako ndinodzidza chimwe chinhu, maita basa !!! Kubwinya
Ndinokutendai zvikuru nemashoko enyu, Gloria 🙂
Mhoro, nezve akadama, ini ndaona mu sicila matombo kubva ku etna volcano kune ehukuru hwakasiyana, uyu akadama kana chete akadama anobva ku japan? maererano
Mhoro Efraul.
Iyo akadama inoshandiswa kune bonsai uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvinobva kuJapan.
Thanks.
Mhoroi, ini ndoda kuziva kana paine nzira yekuburitsa zvinovaka muviri kubva kune yakasangana blond peat.
Muchas gracias
Mhoro Tomas.
Kwete, hazviite padanho repamba (mune kemesitiri murabhoritari, pamwe zvinogona kudaro). Iwo zvinovaka muviri chinhu chakadaro, asi chidiki zvekuti haigone kushanda.
Ndinokutendai!
Nyatso zadzisa chinyorwa chako Monica, makorokoto !!!
Ndatenda zvikuru, Miguel Angel 🙂
Iko akadama yakakodzera maorchid? Ndine mashoma maCymbidiums kunze uye ndinofanira kuachinja uye kuchenesa zvese "pocho" kana kufa!
Kana zvisiri, ndechipi chinhu chandinofanira kuisa, ndechipi chakanakisa?
Mhoro, Martha.
Unogona kushandisa akadama pasina matambudziko. Inotyisa uye inochengetedza midzi zvakanaka.
Thanks.
Mhoroi masikati akanaka Monica
Ungandiudza here kuti ndedzipi substrates dzinodikanwa pamhando dzakasiyana dzembeu, ini ndinoverenga, Citrus, Maple, Pine, Pomegranate, Chirimollas Eccetera
Kune rimwe divi kune zvakafanana asi neStakes
Ndinotenda muna Advance
H. Alonso
Mhoro Hermogenes Alonso.
Mepu dzinoda ivhu rakaoma (pH 4 kusvika 6), mamwe ese anogona kudyarwa mune substrates ine pH 6 kusvika 7.
Zvimwechetewo nemateki.
Thanks.
Ndeipi ingave iyo substrate yakanaka yecannabis Ndatenda
Hi, Roberto.
Iko kusanganiswa kwakanaka maererano nenyanzvi mune kurimwa kwemuti uyu ndeinotevera: 40% nhema peat + 20% coconut fiber + 20% perlite + 10% vermiculite + 10% worm humus.
Thanks.
Mangwani akanaka. Ini ndakaisa imwe spathiphylium rimwe zuva ndikaisa drainage uye ndikatenga substrate muhari, asi zvinoita kunge inovhuvhuta. Zvakajairika. Is it because of the substrate? Mashizha are languid. Unogona kundibatsira?
Mhoro Lupe.
Unoidiridza kangani? Kana uine ndiro pasi payo kana muhari isina maburi, zvinokwanisika kuti iri kuomerwa nekuda kwemvura yakawandisa.
Tinokurudzira kuti ubvunze yako ficha kuti aone kuti chii chingaitika kwaari.
Thanks.
Mhoro Monica, chinyorwa chakanakisa, ndine mubvunzo wakatarwa, wema tulips, inova ndiyo substrate kana musanganiswa mune yemamiriro ekunze, chiloe?
Mhoro Harmony.
Iwe unogona kushandisa yepasi rose inokura svikiro, asi ini ndinokurudzira kuisanganisa iyo zvakaenzana zvikamu neyaimbogezwa rwizi rwizi rwizi, yakawedzerwa ivhu mabhora ezvirimwa kana zvakafanana (pomx, perlite, akadama).
Thanks.
Tarisa kupokana
Iyo kiryuzuna ndeyemaminera mavambo, uye inoumbwa neyakaora ivhu revhu. Ine pH iri pakati pe6 ne5, uye ine simbi yakawanda. Uye zvakare, ine hunhu hunoshamisa kuti haina kuora.
Hi, Juan.
Nekomboni "yekutanga" aireva kuti yakaumbwa nemavhu anoputika.
Thanks.
Hi Monica: Ndiri kufarira nechinangwa chekukura Fuchsias, nekuti ini ndinovafarira zvakanyanya uye nenyaya inobata, ndanga ndichipinda mune nyaya yekupararira kwavo mushure mekupfuura nekunhuhwirira uye kunonaka. Ndichitsvaga ruzivo pamusoro penyaya yaunotaura zvakanaka pano, ndaona iyi, yako yekutaura. Mupiro wakanaka kwazvo unowanda uye unojekesa iwo mazano atinotakura isu neophytes, anoramba achiomarara kakawanda mukuzadzisa izvo zvinowanzoitika kune vamwe. Kurava kwauri kwainakidza, nekuda kwehupfumi hwekunyorera kwako, kujekesa uye kureruka kwekunzwisisa chimwe nechimwe chinhu chakurukurwa ipapo chinowedzerwa nemifananidzo inoenderana yakashandiswa. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kwatiri kwete chete kuona mutsauko uripakati pesiteji dzakasiyana asi zvakare kuti tinzwisise kuti nei zvichikosha kune zvinodikanwa zvemuti wega wega. Ndatenda, nerudo
Ndatenda zvikuru Jako nemashoko ako.
Zvinogara zvichinakidza kunyora nezvezvirimwa, uyezve kana izvo zvaunonyora zvichikuudza kuti zvinobatsira 🙂
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve fuchsias, ndinokusiya iwe Iyi link. Zvisinei, kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo, taura nesu.
Ndinokutendai!
Ruzivo rwakafumurwa rwunonakidza kwazvo .. maita basa kwazvo!
Ndatenda nemashoko ako, Nancy 🙂
Mhoro Monica, ndine zvirimwa zvakati wandei zvandisina kukwanisa kuisa muchiratidziro
Semuenzaniso, lavender, pandinozvitenga ndobva ndaendesa kune hari hombe, ndinoidiridza ndoona ichidurura, asi ivhu rinochengeta hunyoro uye rinowira pasi, richizofa gare gare. Nguva pfupi yadarika ndakatenga imwe inonzi chiso chebhiza, uye yakaora mumasvondo maviri nekuidiridza kamwe chete kana yadyarwa uye yadirwa
Ini ndakatenga macation asi iwo haatombo kukura, uye mashizha anochinja kuchena hue
Reply with quote
Ndatenda nemutungamiri, zvakakwana!
Ndinokutendai nekumira nekupa mhinduro, Asher.
Mhoro Monica. Ndeipi substrate yaunondipa zano kune iyo michero kubva kuHibiscus mbeu? Zvino, kana uchivaisa, zvichave zvakafanana? Ndatenda.
Mhoro Satxa.
Kune iyo seedbed ini ndinokurudzira coconut fiber, kana yepasirose substrate yeRuva kana Fertiberia mabrandi.
Kana vakura, yekutanga haizovashandisi zvakanyanya nekuti inenge iine zvekudya; pachinzvimbo iyo imwe hongu.
Thanks.
Chinyorwa chakanaka asi ini handifunge kuti ndaona yakanakira substrate yema succulents?
Ini ndaida kubereka yangu (francesco baldi) uye handina chokwadi chekusanganisa kushandisa.
Mhoro Lary.
Inokurudzirwa kusanganisa 50% vermiculite ne40% nhema peat uye 10% perlite.
Ndinokutendai!