Chii uye chii chiri maruva emusango weaurel?

Wakambonzwa nezve laurisilva? Pasi redu ratinogara tinowana zvipenyu zvakasiyana, chimwe nechimwe chine mamiriro acho ehupenyu, uye mumatunhu ane mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye ane hunyoro anogara mumiti chaiyo. Mazhinji acho akarimwa muminda, sezvo iwo kwete chete ane makuru ekushongedza kukosha, asi zvakare anoenderana mushe nharaunda dzakasiyana.

Saka kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti ndedzipi hunhu hwemasango emuraurel, kwaanowanikwa, ndeapi maruva anogara mavari, uye zvakawanda, zvakawanda, usapotsa iyi posvo.

Ndeipi mhedzisiro yesango yemuLaurel?

Makore angangoita mamirioni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu apfuura, zhinji dzePasi dzinopisa dzaigarwa nesango remureru. Panguva iyoyo, izvo zvatinoziva nhasi seMediterranean basin, Eurasia neNorth West Africa zvakanakidzwa nemamiriro ekunze anodziya kupfuura nhasi, uye maruva aivepo anotendwa kuti akafanana chaizvo nemasango azvino Macaronesia.

Pakaitika mazaya echando, pakupera kwenguva iyoyo uye chikamu cheQuaternary, iyo polar cap yakawedzerwa, saka tembiricha yakadzika pasi, nekudaro kudzinga maruva epakati uye ekumaodzanyemba kweEurope akananga kumatunhu anowedzera kumaodzanyemba, akananga kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwemahombekombe eAfrica uye Macaronesian archipelagos.

Pakupera kwenguva yechando, magwenga ekuchamhembe kweAfrica akatanga kupararira, zvekuti maruva munzvimbo idzi akatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma neimwe yaipokana nekusanaya kwemvura. Saka zvinomera zveMediterranean zvakatanga shanduko yazvo.

Asi maruva epamusoro eMacaronesia aida kudzoreredza ndima yavo yakarasika, kunyangwe zvaive zvisiri nyore kwavari- Iyo mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye anoomesa pane panguva yeTeriary Era, saka iwe wakange usina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekujairana. Parizvino, shanduko idzi dzakabvumidza yakasarudzika mhuka kushanduka, iyo inongogara munzvimbo dzakananga chaizvo.

Zviratidzo

Sango remuraurel, iro rinonziwo sango rakadzikama kana sango remurenzi, imhando yegore remasango ine mamiriro ekunze anodziya; ndiko kuti, idzi inzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya, kudziya, uye nechando chakanyanya kana chisipo. Mwaka mina inotsanangurwa, kunyangwe musiyano wegore mutembiricha iri pakati nepakati. Uye kana tikataura nezvekunaya kwemvura, yakawanda uye inogoverwa zvakanaka, chimwe chinhu chinoreva kuti hapana mwaka wakaoma uchitaura nemazvo.

Aya mamiriro inoitika mumatunhu anotevera:

• zviwi zviri pakati pe25 ne40º South latitude: senge muCanary archipelago, Madeira, Wild Islands, Azores neCape Verde.
• kumadokero kwemahombekombe ekumadokero pakati pe40º uye 55º enharaunda: miganhu yeChile, kubva kuValdivia kuenda kumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi.
• Kumabvazuva kwekumaodzanyemba kwemakondinendi pakati pe25º ne35º latitude: kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBrazil, Argentina, Paraguay neUruguay.

Chii chinonzi Canarian laurel dondo senge?

Iyo mhando yesango rinodziya rinowanikwa mune mamwe maCanary Islands. Inozivikanwa nekuve ivhu rakadzika, kunaya kuri pakati pe500 ne100mm, uye pakati nepakati tembiricha iri pakati pe15 ne19ºC.

Tichawana kwayakatangira munguva yepamusoro, makore anopfuura makumi maviri emakore apfuura. Panguva iyoyo yaive ichipararira pamusoro pechikamu chikuru cheMediterranean basin, asi glaciation pakupera kwenguva uye panguva yeQuaternary yaiifambisa ichienda kunzvimbo dzinodziya, senge North Africa neMacaronesia. Kana tembiricha payakatanga kudzoka, yakapararira mumarenje eNorth Africa.

Nanhasi, iyo ndeimwe yemasango akatambura kushanduka kushoma, zvekuti iyo Canarian laurel sango ndechimwe chezvisikwa zvishongo zveEurope. Muchokwadi, sekudaro kwakazivikanwa neUNESCO: iyo Garajonay National Park yakaziviswa National Heritage Site muna 1981 uye World Heritage Site muna 1986; Canal neLos Tilos de la Palma, dzakanzi Biosphere Reserve muna 1983; uye iyo Anaga Rural Park, muTenerife, iri Biosphere Reserve.

Kuziva kwemusango weLaurel weTenerife

Iyo iyo iyo Tenerife yainayo inoshamisa. Kushanyira masango eAnaga neTeno, Aguagarcía uye Tigaiga massifs kwakafanana nekufamba kune zvakapfuura, kunyanya kune Tertiary. Ivo havana kuchinja chero chinhu kubvira pavakatanga, saka hazvina kuoma kuwana pfungwa yekuti raurel anofanira kunge aive akaita sei pazvaive pakanaka.

Zvirimwa zvakaita seviñátigo, orenji yemusango, heather kana willow, pakati pevamwe, zvinokura mumakomo echitsuwa ichi, zvichizvishandura kuita nzvimbo dzinoyevedza.

Ndeapi maruva emusango weaurel?

Kunyangwe laurisilva zvichireva sango reruurel muchiLatin, chokwadi chiripo ndechekuti zvirimwa zvatinowana munzvimbo idzi hazvisi marara chete; hongu panogona kunge paine, asi kupfuura aya makwenzi / miti izvo zviripo ndezve lauroid mhando maruva. Izvi zvinoreva izvozvo iwo akafanana neLaurus, kunyanya mashizha awo.

Uye, kana iwe uri chirimwa kana uchida kurarama unofanirwa kudzivirira humhutu hwakawandisa, zvinova ndizvo zvinoitwa naLaurus: kana iwe wakamboona, iwe uchave waona izvo mashizha ayo ane dehwe, uye mukuwedzera kune iwo akafukidzwa netaundi yewakisi, izvo zvinoita kuti vagare vakaoma kunyangwe hunyoro. Uye zvakare, ivo vane apical mucron iyo inofarira kudonha, saka zviri nyore kwazvo kugara mune hutano hwakanaka mune aya mamiriro.

Lauroid-mhando zvirimwa zvine nzira dzinonakidza kwazvo dzekupona. Uye kwete chete iyo ini yandakangokuudza nezvayo, asi nevamwe, se:

• Lianoid kukura: kune akawanda anokura akazendamira uye / kana kuzvisungirira mumatanda nematavi kuti vakwanise kutora zuva rakawanda sezvinobvira.
• Epiphytism: zvimwe zvavanoita kumera nekukura pamatavi emiti kana miti mikuru.

Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo, uye kunyanya iyo hemisphere, masango eurelisi achagarwa ne:

Maodzanyemba eNyika

Kazhinji commons ndeiyi:

• Kutambudza: genus yemiti yakasvibira miti inotangira muNeotropics, Southeastern USA, East neSoutheast Asia, uye zviwi zveMacaronesia. Vanogona kusvika pakakwirira pakati pemamita gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu, voburitsa michero inowanzo kudyiwa. Rudzi runonyanya kuzivikanwa ndirwo Persea americana (avocado or avocado).
• Prunus: Iyo genus yemiti yakasvibira kana yakasvibira uye shrub inosvika pakakwirira pakati pemamita mana ne4. Mhando zhinji dzinogadzira michero inodyiwa, senge Prunus armeniacaaca (apurikoti), prunus dulcis (almond) kana prunus persica (peach muti). Ona faira.
• Maytenus: Iyo genus yemiti midiki kana makwenzi, anonyanya kuzvarwa kuAmerica, asiwo muSouth Asia, Africa, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweCanary Islands, uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEthiopiya. Vanosvika pakakwirira pakati pemamita mashanu kusvika manomwe.
• ocotea: irudzi rwemiti yakasvibira nguva dzose nemakwenzi anozvarwa kuCentral neSouth America, West Indies, uye Africa kusanganisira Madagascar. Vanosvika pakakwirira pakati pemamita mana kusvika gumi nemashanu.
• ilex: iri genus yemakwenzi kana miti yakasvibira miti inowanikwa kumatunhu anotonhora ekuchamhembe kwenyika. Mhando inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Ilex aquifolium (holly).
• quercus: Iyo genus yemiti yakasvibira kana yakasvibira miti inowanikwa kuEurope, Western Asia, North neSouth America iyo inowanzosvika pakakwirira kusvika pamamita makumi maviri.
• Laura: ndiyo genus yegreen shrub kana muti unozvarwa mudunhu reMediterranean. Inogona kusvika kureba kwemamita mashanu kusvika gumi.
• Ferns: iwo akateedzana ezvirimwa zvakazvarwa kumatunhu anodziya uye ane hunyoro epasi, ayo anogona kukura semiti yakaderera (yakawanda) kana semakwenzi (dicksonia, Blechnum, nezvimwewo).

Maodzanyemba hemisphere

Pamusoro peavo vatinozoona kuchamhembe hemisphere, akanyanya kujairika ma conifers anokurawo, senge:

• Araucaria: ndiyo genus yeakateedzana eeconifers anowanikwa kuSouth America, Norfolk Island, kumabvazuva kweAustralia neNew Guinea. Vanogona kusvika pakakwirira mamita makumi maviri kana kupfuura. Ona faira.
• Nothofagus: ndiyo genus yemhando yemiti inozivikanwa senge yekumaodzanyemba beech yekuAustralia, New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, New Guinea neNew Caledonia. Ona faira.

Ndeupi mamiriro ako aripo?

Laurisilva iri kukuvara zvakanyanya nevanhu. Kunyangwe mhando idzo dzinokura mariri kazhinji dzakashinga uye dzakasimba, kumanikidza kwainotsigira kwakanyanya kwazvo. Kutemwa kwemasango, kungave kushandisa huni kana kurima mamwe marudzi "anobatsira", kuri kuparadza masango pasi rose, kuisa pangozi nhamba huru yemiti nemhuka.