Lettuce chimwe chezvirimwa zvakapararira pasi rose. Nekudaro, zvinoda mamwe mamiriro ekukura ayo anogona kukonzera mamiriro ekuita tumbuyu nezvirwere zvinogona kuuraya zvirimwa. Kune marudzi akasiyana e lettuce zvirwere izvo zvinogona kuzivikanwa neziso rakashama kubata nazvo nekukurumidza kudzivirira njodzi huru.
Nechikonzero ichi, isu tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kuti tikuudze kuti chii chikuru chirwere chelettuce, maitiro ekuzviziva uye kuti ndeapi marapirwo azvo.
lettuce zvirwere
Muchena kuora
Chirwere ichi ndechimwe chezvakanyanya mulettuce. Tichaona kuti ine hunhu hupi, kukuvadza kwainoburitsa uye mabatirwo ayo.
Inogona kuitika mune chero yezvinomera mamiriro e lettuce, kunyangwe panguva yekudyara. Kushanduka kwayo kunogara kuchikonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze uye ekurima zvinhu: kunyorova kwakanyanyisa, kushanduka kamwe kamwe kwekushisa, ivhu rinotonhora zvikuru panguva yekudyara, kusakwana kwemhepo uye maronda kana necrosis yemiti yemiti.
Nzvimbo huru dzekutapurirwa kwechirwere iconidia nemarara ezvirimwa, ayo anoparadzirwa nemhepo, kunaya kwemvura, mapurasitiki uye madonhwe ekunamira mumvura yekudiridza. Mamiriro akanaka ekuonekwa kwechirwere ndiko kutonhora, hunyoro hwehukama uye phenology yechirimwa.
The optimum range of humidity inoenderana nepakati 95% uye tembiricha iri pakati pe17ºC ne23ºC.
Aya ndiwo matambudziko anokonzerwa nechirwere ichi:
- Inogona kukanganisa zvirimwa zvidiki padanho rekudyara, zvichikonzera kufa nekukurumidza kana kudzivirira kubuda kwavo.
- Mumiti midiki, kurwiswa kunowanzo kutangira pazasi pemashizha, uye kana ikabatwa, mashizha anowira pasi, Kufarira kukura kwezvipembenene zvinouraya chirimwa mushure memazuva mashoma.
- Muzvidyarwa zvakakura, foci inotanga mune necrotic kana isina simba tishu nekuda kwekusaenzana, kukuvara kwemuviri, kana kurwisa kwebhakitiriya. Kubva ipapo, kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza ari akanaka, anopinda munyama mutsva.
- Dzimwe nguva, chirwere chekutanga chinobva muvhu neBotrytis sclerotiorum inoperekedzwa neSclerotium. Muchiitiko ichi, kurwiswa kwekutanga kunoitika munzvimbo yakapoteredza mutsipa wechirimwa, zvichiita kuti mashizha ekunze awire pasi nenzira yakadai kuti kukura kwechirwere kunofarirwa.
- Kurasikirwa mushure mekukohwa zvakare akakosha uye anowanikwa mulettuce yakachengetwa ine hutachiona hwehutachiona. Pasi pemamiriro ekudzivirira ane hunyoro hwepamusoro, lettuce ine hutano inosangana nayo inogona kusvibiswa.
- Nhanho yekutanga yehutachiona neSclerotinia inokura mumatishu padyo nepasi, saka inowanikwa munzvimbo inotangira kurwiswa pamutsipa wechirimwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika muzvirimwa zvidiki uye zvevakuru, kunyangwe zviitiko zvavo zvakakura kubva pamoyo nekuda kweiyo yakakosha humid microclimate inokura muvhu.
- Miti yakanganiswa inomira kukura, kushanduka yero nekusvava. Ivo havapi kuramba kana zvasvika vabvise, sezvo vachanyorova, vanyoro uye vaora mutsipa wose uye nzvimbo yepasi pemashizha ekunze.
Kudzivirira uye kuita kurwisa chena kuora tinogona kuita zvinotevera:
- Mafuremu ekudyara akafararira panguva dzenjodzi huru.
- Kudyara pamuchinjiko kuti uvandudze mhepo.
- Mhando dzembeu dzinoshingirira kumhando dzakasiyana dzeBremia lactucae dzinoshandiswa.
- Kurapa kwekudzivirira kunotanga kubva pamubhedha wembeu kusvika pakupera kwekutenderera, muzvirongwa zvinotapukira kuzvirwere.
Zvimwe Zvirwere zveLettuce
alternate
Paunenge uchiziva chirwere ichi chefungal, zvakakosha kutarisa madiki matema pamashizha e lettuce. Senguva dzose, inorarama mumamiriro ehunyoro hwepamusoro saka dzimwe nguva kudzivirira kunotorwa mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura.
Anthracnose
Inowanzoonekwa pamashizha ekare asati asara, uye Iyo inotungamira kunyanya mukati mepakati tsinga system, petioles uye mashizha.
Mavara madiki akanyura yero ane matsvuku kana necrotic edges anoonekwa pamashizha aya. Nokufamba kwenguva, iyi mhete yakatsvuka inowedzera mukati, ichikonzera necrosis yenzvimbo yese.
Powdery chakuvhe
Powdery mildew chirwere chefungal chinozivikanwa chinokanganisa zvirimwa zvese. Inowanzokura pamusoro pepamusoro uye pasi pemashizha, uye mashizha ekunze akafukidzwa nechena mycelium uye ane chimiro cheupfu.
Grey kuora
Iyi fungus inogona kuoneka mune chero mamiriro ezvinomera echirimwa chelettuce. Inowanzoenderana nehunyoro hwepamusoro, saka kudzora kudiridza kwakakosha zvikuru. Aeration inzira yakanaka yekudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere ichi.
Kurwiswa kunowanzotanga pane chikamu chezasi che lettuce, kunyange zvazvo chinogonawo kuonekwa pamashizha anoratidza kukanganisa, matambudziko kana zvirwere zvemuviri.
septoria
Septoria inobereka makwapa pasi pemashizha. Kuti fungus uhu huoneke, mbesa dzinofanirwa kunge dziri munzvimbo dzine mwando wakanyanya kana mwaka wekunaya kwemvura. Makwapa echlorotic madiki asina kuumbwa zvisina kuenzanirana anooneka pamashizha. Nokufamba kwenguva, aya mavara anova necrotic uye anoumba chlorotic zvindori zvakavapoteredza, chiratidzo chekufambira mberi kwechirwere.
sclerotin
Chirwere ichi chinokonzera kuora kuchena kunoratidzika kunge kwakapfava pamashizha elettuce. Utachiona hunotanga pazasi pechirimwa uye hunopararira nekufamba kwenguva. Iyi fungus inogona kuramba iri muvhu kusvika kumakore mashanu, saka nzira dzehutsanana dzakadai sezuva rinokurudzirwa. Inowanzokura mumamiriro ehunyoro hwepamusoro, tembiricha iri pakati pe25-28ºC, zuva nekunaya kwemvura, saka chirimo chinowanzova chakawanda.
Mavara matema edenderedzwa ane madenderedzwa akanyanya kuoneka pamashizha. Aya mavara necrotic anotanga kuoneka pamashizha ezasi echirimwa uye anopararira kubva ipapo. Inogona kutungamirira kukubvisa mashizha uye kufa nguva isati yakwana.
Kuti udzivise, kukurumidza kukura kunofanira kudziviswa uye kunyorova kwakanyanya kwemashizha kunofanira kudziviswa. Acaricides, Mancozeb kana Zineb inogona kushandiswa. Zvikumbiro Dzinofanirwa kudzokororwa mazuva gumi kana gumi nemashanu ega ega kuti chirwere ichi chipere zvachose.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvezvirwere zve lettuce uye maitiro avo.