ari Gardens of Aranjuez inzvimbo yakasarudzika yemasango akanaka uye mapaki ari mudhorobha reAranjuez, muAutonomous Community yeMadrid, Spain. Aya mapindu iWorld Heritage Site uye chikamu cheCultural Landscape yeAranjuez, yakaziviswa seWorld Heritage Site neUNESCO muna 2001.
Muchikamu chino tichakuudza zvose zvaunoda kuziva nezvemagadheni eAranjuez, maitiro avo uye nhoroondo yavo.
Gardens of Aranjuez
Aranjuez inzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba uye yechipiri yakakura (186,7 km2) mudunhu., yakakomberedzwa nemataundi eCastilla-La Mancha ari ematunhu eLa Sagra neMesa de Ocaña. Miganhu yaro yenzvimbo inoumba rurimi rwakafara uye rune chimiro runotevera mvura dzakapfava dzeTagus kumahombekombe ekuruboshwe kusvikira yapinda munyika ine mashizha uye inoyevedza yeToledo.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu eCastilian Altiplano, inoratidzwa nemamiriro ekunze eMedithera, ine tsika yekuenda kune continental, Aranjuez inova chitsuwa chezvinomera zvakasvibira nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzine matanda, inotsiviwa nezvirimwa zvakanaya mvura zhinji, neminda yazvo yakakura uye masango emurwizi, kuvonga kuwanda kwemvura uye kubereka kwemipata yevhu re sedimentary, mukupesana zvikuru nerenje rakapoteredza.
Iyo yakawedzera kudiridza sisitimu yakawedzerwa kune ekutanga mashizha, kubva kwakaberekerwa minda yemichero neminda, ichipfumisa nharaunda yechirimwa, nepo nzira, mabhiriji uye akasiyana masisitimu anopa mukana mukuru kune yakaoma.
Nhoroondo yeMabindu eAranjuez
Nhoroondo yenzvimbo iyi yakazara nekusangana kwetsika. MuMiddle Ages yaive yesangano remauto reSantiago uye muridzi wayo akavaka muzinda wekutanga musango rakazara nemhuka hombe nediki. Chimiro cheRoyal Site chinobva kune maCatholic Monarchs (zana ramakore rechi XNUMX) akabatanidza matunhu avo ese mukorona, kunyangwe Felipe II (zana ramakore rechi XNUMX) aizenge achitarisira kuzadzisa chimwe chezviroto zvekare zvababa vake, Emperor Carlos V, kusvika. Kuburikidza nekukwira uye nekuwedzera kweRoyal Palace yakavharirwa, akashandura Aranjuez kuita imwe yenzvimbo dzake dzekugara. Felipe II aida chaizvo kugadzira rimwe remapurojekiti ake makuru: Aranjuez.
Zvokuti iye pachake akapa mirairo chaiyo pamusoro pekudiwa kwekudhirowa migwagwa uye akagadzirisa tsanangudzo yekugadzira nzvimbo, semamwe emakomisheni ake anoti: "Ona mugwagwa kubva pabhiriji, maonero kubva kubhiriji akananga kumugwagwa". Rudo rwaFelipe II rwekurima gadheni runozivikanwa zvikuru. Zvichida zvaive nekuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti vakanakisa vekuSpain uye vekune dzimwe nyika varimi venguva yacho vakatora chikamu mukugadzira, kusika uye kuitwa kwebasa racho, nekuraira kwaMambo.
Aya ndiwo masikirwo akaitwa magadheni ekutanga ebhotani aizivikanwa muEurope panguva iyoyo, achigadzira nzvimbo dzekutanga dzekuyedza uye kupfuya marudzi ezvirimwa zvinopisa. Mbeu, miti nemakwenzi zvakaunzwa nenzendo kubva kuIndies zvakadyarwa pano. Felipe II akatanga chirongwa ichi seCrown Prince uye akaenderera mberi saMambo. Pakutanga akaedza kushandira pamwe nevagadziri vayo, kunyanya Luis naGaspar de Vega, avo vakaisa migwagwa yekutanga yemiti (Reina, Madrid neEntrepuentes); asi purojekiti yaisanganisira basa rakawanda uye yakanga yakaoma kwazvo (matambudziko nerwizi, kudiwa kwekugadzira hydraulic works, mahombe-scale maroon…).
Runako rweMabindu eAranjuez
Kudiwa kwekubatanidza utility nerunako uye chisungo chekugadzira pfungwa dzekukosha kwenzvimbo yakakwira yaive dambudziko rekuda zvekuti changamire akaraira Juan Bautista de Toledo, muvaki wezvivakwa aitarisira zvese, nyanzvi dzesainzi dzakakurumbira, kuti aunzwe kwaari muna 1560. .saJuanelo Turriano, Pedro Esquivel, Francesco Sittoni kana Pacciotto akaongororwa. Mushure mekufa kwaJuan Bautista de Toledo muna 1567, Juan de Herrera akatora mabasa.
Pasi pekutariswa kwevagadziri vaviri ava, mapindu ePicotajo neDoce Calles, Gardens of the Island, Jardines de Arriba (yaimbova Jardines del Príncipe), nezvimwewo; Ontígola Reservoir, Embocador Canal (yava kunzi Azuda), kuwedzera kweAves Canal, Distillery uye chikamu cheShongwe.Zvirongwa zvinokosha zvakadai sokufambiswa kwemvura muRwizi rwaHuohe zvakapedzwa.
Kuwanikwa kweAmerica kwakaratidza shanduko yetsvakiridzo yebotanical yeSpanish, sezvo vedu veRenaissance botanists vakanyanya kufarira masango akawanikwa muNyika Itsva pane yavo. A) Hongu, nyanzvi huru dzesainzi iyi dzakazvipira chose chose pakudzidza nezvemaruva emuAmerica, mamwe acho aitova chikamu chenzendo huru dzebhotani dzakaitwa panguva iyoyo (Francisco Hernández anogona kunzi piyona weexpedition extraordinaire).
Vanenge vese vakasiya zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa pamhando dzemiti dzichangobva kuwanikwa, uye vakakwanisa kutumira mazhinji acho kumibhedha yemaruva mumapindu akasiyana eumambo akagadzirirwa chiitiko ichi, veAranjuzi vakafadza mambo, ivo vakuru namachinda. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, yekutanga herbalization uye yakakura muunganidzwa wezvirimwa, michero nembeu zvakaitika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, panguva yekutonga kwaCarlos III.
zvinomera zvakakurumbira
Ese mapindu aya ane muunganidzwa wakasarudzika wezvirimwa, kwete chete nemhando, subspecies, nhamba yemhando, humwe kana kushomeka kwezvimwe zvacho, asi heano mamwe emhando dzakareba: dzinopfuura 50 metres pakureba, mimwe yemiti yekushongedza yakararama kwenguva refu muSpain inosvika makore 260. Iyi minda yemiti yenhaka ine marudzi anopfuura mazana mana emiti nemakwenzi, 400 ayo anotsanangurwa semiti yekunze neCommunity of Madrid.
Pakati pemiti yakakurumbira tine:
Pecan (Carya illinoensis), ahuehuete (Taxodium mucronatum), Chilean palm (Jubaea chilensis), Virginia guayacán (Diospyros virginiana), storax tree (Liquidambar orientalis) uye plantains (Platanus orientalis, P. occidentalis uye P. Mamwe marudzi anonyanya kufarira ndeaya: yellow-flowered horse chestnut (Aesculus flava), red-flowered horse chestnut (Aesculus pavia), sugar hackberry (Celtis laevigata), macassar (Chimonanthus praecox), scarlet hawthorn (Crataegus pedicelata) , St. muti (Dyospyros lotus), Guilandine (Gymnocladus dioica), Virginia tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), Osage orenji (Maclura pomifera), magnolia (Magnolia stellata), metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostrobioides), simbi yakaderera (Parrotia toosa persica) ), Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia), sirivheri linden (Tilia tomentosa), Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata), nezvimwewo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Aranjuez magadheni uye maitiro avo.