Ndezvipi zvirimwa zvine mashizha?

Iyo yakaoma huni ndiyo zvirimwa zvinowanzo kupa mumvuri unofadza kwazvo. Ivo vanowanzoda yakawanda nzvimbo yekuvandudza, sezvo yavo makapu inowanzo kuve yakafara. Asi kunyangwe zvakadaro, zvinogara zvichinakidza kuva nezvimwe mubindu, nekuti nekuda kwavo hazvizotiomera kuti tifare, semuenzaniso, pikiniki neshamwari, kana kuverenga bhuku rakanaka.

Paunenge uchisarudza mhando iwe unofanirwa kuona kuti dzichanyatsonaka munzvimbo yaunoda kudziisa, nekuti ndiyo chete nzira yekudzivirira matambudziko munguva pfupi nepakati. Ngatitangei kuvaziva zvizere.

Chii chinonzi chirimwa chine mashizha?

Zvirimwa zvine mashizha ndeaya ane mashizha mazhinji, akapfava uye kazhinji akafara. Iyo miti nemakwenzi anogona kugara ari green kana evergreen, deciduous, sub-evergreen, kana sub-deciduous. Kuti vachengete mashizha avo ari mupenyu kwenguva yakareba sezvazvinodiwa, vanogara munzvimbo dzinodziya zvishoma uye dzakanyorova kupfuura conifers.

Muchokwadi, kana tichifananidza mashizha emepuri semuenzaniso nepine, tinobva tangoona kutetepa kwayo, uye kana isu tikave nemukana wekuisa chando chidiki pairi - tisina kuidhonza kubva pamuti - taizo ona kuti yaizokanganisa .chimbi chimbi nekusagadzirira kusangana nemamiriro aya. Mashizha emapini, uye ma conifers zvakajairika, anokwanisa kumira chando nechando kwemazuva nemavhiki panguva pasina dambudziko rakawandisa.

Naizvozvo, iwo marudzi ayo ane mashizha zvakanyanya kufanana nenzvimbo dzinodziya, dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Kana vazhinji vachigara pamwe chete munzvimbo imwechete, vanoumba masango anonzi mapurani mashizha akaomeswa, masango akaomarara kana masango akasvibira.

Kune mangani marudzi emasango akasvibira aripo?

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, mhando dzinoverengeka dzemasango akaoma dzinosiyaniswa:

Masango anopisa uye anodziya

Idzo ndidzo dziri pa (kana padyo) neiyo equator, munzvimbo yekutenderera. Ivhareji yegore tembiricha yakatenderedza 27ºC mune masango anodziya, uye 17-24ºC munzvimbo dzinodzikira.

Masango anonaya mvura kana masango ane hunyoro

Iyo inozivikanwawo seye rainforest kana tropical uye subtropical hardwood sango. Icho biome icho mapoka pamwe chete masango ecosystem ane avhareji tembiricha yegore iri pakati pe17 ne24ºC inowanikwa kunyanya munzvimbo yekudyidzana. Inonaya nguva dzose, saka hunyoro hunovimbiswa.

Miti yacho ine mashizha mahombe, anozivikanwa nekuve 'nemikana' yemvura panoperera; zvisinei, kuhukura kwehunde yawo kazhinji kunoonda, kutetepa uye dzimwe nguva kune minzwa. Michero yayo yakakura, ine nyama, uye inonaka kwazvo kumhuka.

Nimbosilva kana sango remontane

Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare segore sango kana musango wemosesi, uye yakarongedzwa mukati mesango remvura. Munzvimbo idzi, kune dova rinoramba riripo rinoderedza zuva rakananga kusvika pasi, uye nekudaro, evapotranspiration (kurasikirwa kwehunyoro nekuda kwekushanduka kwekudyara) inokanganiswawo.

Nekudaro, ivo chete avo vanokwanisa kugara munzvimbo idzi, senge fern kana mosses, vanogara zvinoshamisa mumasango emontane. Ehe, pane zvakare miti, senge iyo Quercus costaricensis o Kutambudza.

Hiemisilva kana tropical yakaoma masango

Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare sesango rakaoma kana sango rakaoma, uye iri pakati pemasango anonaya uye nzvimbo dzakaoma dzezvakatipoteredza dzese hemispheres, pakati pegumi kusvika pa10º latitude. Mamiriro ekunze anodziya, aine tembiricha iri pakati pe25 ne30ºC, uye kunaya pakati pe300 ne1500mm ine mwaka wakaoma. iyo inogona kutora kubva pamwedzi mina kusvika kumapfumbamwe.

Miti iyo inogara pano ine mashizha makuru ane maruva akanaka, senge Bauhinia variegata, asi munguva yekupisa anorasikirwa nemashizha kuitira kuchengetedza mvura kuti varambe vari vapenyu.

Masango ane mwero

Iyo biome iyo inosanganisa masango anogara mairi mamiriro ekunze ane mwero, nemvura inonaya yakatenderedza mazana matanhatu nemazana nemashanu emamirimita paavhareji, uye pakati nepakati tembiricha iri pakati pe600-1500ºC, panogona kunge kuchitonhora chaizvo.

Sango rinodonha

Iyo mhando yesango rakadzikama rinowanikwa kumabvazuva kweNorth America, zhinji yeEurope, chikamu cheAsia kusanganisira mamwe matunhu eJapan, New Zealand nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSouth America. Kunaya kwegore negore kwakakura kudarika 800mm.

Pano, miti inorasikirwa nemashizha mumatsutso-chando, uye inotumbuka muchirimo, senge miti yebeech (Fagus) kana maples (Acer).

Laurel sango

Inonzi zvakare sango rakadzikama, nekuti nekuti kunaya kwemvura kwakakura kudarika 1000mm uye tembiricha iri pakati nepakatiMhando dzakasiyana dzemiti dzinokura mairi, sekuMacaronesia semuenzaniso.

Izvo zvirimwa zvinogara musango iri zvinoonekwa nekugara zvakasvibira, senge laurel (Laura).

Sanganisa musango

Sango riya rinozivikanwa sedondo rakasanganiswa umo angiosperm uye coniferous zvinomera zvinogara. Semuenzaniso, imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa - uye, sezvinei, mumwe weavo vari munjodzi yekutsakatika kunyanya nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemasango - isango rakasanganiswa reAtlantic, iri pamhenderekedzo yeAtlantic kuWestern Europe. Mariri rarama, pakati pevamwe, mapini (Pinus) ane miouki (Quercus).

Sango reMediterranean

Miti yemusango reMediterranean yakashanduka kuti igare munzvimbo uko kunaya kwegore negore kuri pakati pe300 uye 700mm, uye uko kune zvakare mwaka wakatarwa wakaoma unoenderana nezhizha. Tichawana iyi biome mu, sekutaurwa kwezita rayo, nzvimbo yeMediterranean, asiwo muCalifornia, pakati peChile, kumaodzanyemba kweAustralia neSouth Africa.

Mashizha awo anogara ari egirini, ane dehwe, uye haawanzo kudarika mamita makumi maviri pakukwirira. Vanogona zvakare kuve neminzwa, kungave pamashizha avo, kana pamatavi. Semuenzaniso, pano tichaona mastic (pistachio), mapapiro (Rhamnus alaternuskana Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis).

Nyaya inoenderana:

Ndehupi hunhu hwesango reMediterranean?

Miti yemashizha mhando

Iye zvino zvatinoziva matanda akaoma zvirinani, inguva yekutsvaga kuti ndeapi miti akafanana neayo. Kuita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kuti usarudze imwe yebindu rako, takavapatsanura zvishoma:

Mashizha, anononoka kukura miti

Ndivo izvo inokura masendimita makumi mashanu pagore kana zvishoma, seizvi:

Minor Maple (Acer monspessulanum)

El maple madiki muti unodonhedza kana muto wakazvarwa kuEurope nekumaodzanyemba kweAsia izvo inosvika pakukwirira kwemamita gumi kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu. Mashizha awo akatetetwa, girini, kunyangwe iwo anotsvuka kuita matsutso asati awira. Inotumbuka muchirimo, asi iwo maruva asina kukosha kwekushongedza.

Inokura pane siliceous uye ivhu revhu, chero ichidiridzwa zvine mwero. Kushivirira yemumvuri. Inoramba kusvika -18ºC.

sweetgum (sweetgumbar styraciflua)

El sweetgum muti wakasarudzika unoberekerwa kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States, Mexico neGuatemala uyo inosvika pakukwirira kwemamita gumi kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu. Mashizha akafanana neaya emapapu, ndiko kuti, ane machindwe, akasvibira muchirimo uye zhizha uye yero, akatsvuka uye pakupedzisira burgundy mumatsutso. Inotumbuka muchirimo, asi maruva ayo anoshaya kukosha kwekushongedza.

Inokura muvhu revhu, rakapfuma muzvinhu zvakasikwa. Inoda kugara ichidiridza. Zvikasadaro, inorwisa kutonhora uye chando pasi kusvika -18ºC.

Strawberry muti (Arbutus unedus)

El arbutus Ndiwo unogara uri girini muti unowanikwa mudunhu reMediterranean neAtlantic mhenderekedzo iyo, kazhinji, isingadariki mamita matatu kunyangwe inogona kusvika 10 metres pakureba. Mashizha awo akapoteredzwa, nerima rakasvibirira rakasvibira, uye rinobereka michero mitsvuku uye inodyiwa muzhizha / mumatsutso.

Inokura mune siliceous uye ivhu rerime, yakasununguka, uye yakanyoroveswa. Inoda zuva rakananga uye kudiridza zvine mwero, asi inotsigira kusanaya kwemvura. Inoramba kusvika -12ºC.

Kukurumidza kukura miti yemashizha

Iyi miti yatinokuratidza pazasi ndeiyi iyo inokura masendimita anodarika makumi mashanu pagore, sekureba sekunge mamiriro akakodzera akasangana kuti uite saizvozvo:

chorisia (Chorisia speciosa)

La chorisia kana rosewood muti wakasarudzika unoberekerwa kuBrazil, Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweArgentina neParaguay uyo inosvika pakureba kwemamita mashanu kusvika matanhatu. Mashizha awo ndeemuchindwe, akasvibira uye anodonha munguva yakaoma (kana mumatsutso / nguva yechando kana iri munzvimbo ine hunyoro). Inogadzira maruva mukupera kwezhizha.

Inokura muvhu rakanyoroveswa uye rakaorera, muzuva rakazara. Inorwisa kusanaya kwemvura uye chando pasi kusvika -12ºC.

Bhanana renhema (Acer pseudoplatanus)

El bhanana rekunyepera muti unodonha unowanikwa kumaodzanyemba nepakati peEurope uye kusvika kumadokero kweAsia izvo inosvika pakureba kwemamita mashanu kusvika matanhatu. Mashizha awo akavezwa nemichindwe, aine makobvu mashanu, akasvibira kunze kwematsutso anochinja kuita yero asati adonha kana mazaya echando akatanga kuitika mumwaka iwoyo. Inotumbuka muchirimo, asi maruva ayo haanyanyo kuratidza.

Inokura mumhando dzese dzevhu, asi inofarira idzo dzakanyanya kuva acidic, uye sekureba sekunge ivo vakapfuma mune organic zvinhu uye inoiswa muzuva rakazara. Inodzivisa kusvika -30ºC.

Paulownia (Pawlonia tomentosa)

La paulonia kana kiri muti wakasarudzika unoberekerwa kuChina neJapan uyo inosvika pakureba kwemamita mashanu kusvika matanhatu. Mashizha acho ane ovate, anosvika masendimita makumi matatu pakureba, uye akasvibira. Muchirimo inoburitsa maruva akabatanidzwa mumapanicles uye iwo ari purplish.

Inokura muvhu rakaorera, rakanyoroveswa. Inoda kudiridza zvine mwero, kazhinji kwazvo muzhizha. Inomira chando kudzika -12ºC.

Tinovimba kuti izvo zvawakadzidza nezvemashizha emashizha nenzvimbo dzazvo dzakasiyana zvave kubatsira kwauri 🙂.