Kurimwa kwemvura (Rainfed Agriculture) zvinoreva mhando yeminda isingade kuti munhu aite madiridziro acho nemvura, achishandisa mvura inonaya chete, zvichiita kuti hunyoro huri muvhu huwedzere. Imhando yekurima inoitika munzvimbo dzinonaya mvura yakawanda apo avhareji yemvura inonaya pagore isingadarike 500 mm. Kuti kurima kurimwa kwemvura kune pundutso, kumera nekukura kwechirimwa kunoda kushandiswa kwakanaka uye nemazvo kwehunyoro hwevhu. The miti inonaya ndeaya anorimwa mumhando iyi yekurima.
Nechikonzero ichi, tichakumikidza chinyorwa ichi kukuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvemiti inonaya mvura, maitiro ayo uye mimwe mienzaniso.
miti inonaya
Nekuda kwechimiro chegadziriro yekurima inonaya, ine nhevedzano yehunhu chaihwo sezvo ichipokana zvachose nekurima kwekudiridza:
- Kurima kwemvura kunongogumira kunzvimbo dzinonaya mvura shoma, kana kuti inongoitika pane dzimwe nguva dzegore, dzakadai senyika dzine mwaka mina yegore.
- Pakudyara kwemvura inonaya, monoculture inoshandiswa, kureva kuti, chirimwa chimwe chete chinorimwa panguva, uye zvirimwa zvinotenderedzwa kana kutsiviwa makore matatu oga oga.
- Fertilize ivhu, uchishandisa organic fertilizer, inowanikwa kuburikidza nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwekuora kunodzorwa, kunowanzozivikanwa semupfudze kana compost, kupa ivhu nekudya kwese kunoda kutora zvirimwa.
- Mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza ishoma uye saka inogoneka mukufamba kwenguva. Basa shoma shoma rinodiwa.
Zvakanakira zvekurima zvekunaya mvura ndeizvi zvinotevera:
- Kurima kwemvura kunoenderera mberi kunoitika munguva yekunaya kwemvura. iyo inobvumira kurima mawedzero makuru evhu, pasina kushandisa basa rakawandisa kuita basa rose rekudyara, kutarisira uye kukohwa munda.
- Kunowedzera kubereka kwevhu, Inobatsira kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye inochengetedza mvura yakawanda yekunwa.
- Miti inonaya mvura inonaya inoshandisa ivhu zviri nani mumhoteredzo isingarimwe nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemvura kana nzvimbo isina kurongeka.
- Kana mvura ikasanaya nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, zvimwe zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kurarama nekuti zvimwe zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kutora mwando wakachengetwa muvhu, kunyangwe mvura yakambonaya.
Asi zvakare ine zvimwe zvayakaipira:
- Kurima kunonaya mvura kunogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze anogona kuitika, sezvo zvinomera zvinogona kuoma nekuda kwekushaya mvura, kana kukuvadzwa nekuwanda kwayo.
- Kungoerekana kwachinja tembiricha ndeimwe njodzi yekurima kwemvura inonaya, sezvo kuwedzera kwekupisa kunoderedza hunyoro hwevhu uye kutonhora kunozadza nyika.
- Kubudirira kunogona kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze uye shanduko inozokanganisa zvakanyanya matunhu anoenderana nezvirimwa izvi.
Kuti zvionekwe kuti ndezvipi zvirimwa zvinopa mari yakawanda paminda inonaya mvura inonaya, zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinofanirwa kutariswa, zvakaita serudzi rwevhu, kuwedzera kwevhu nezvimwe zvinhu kuti vasarudze rinopa mari yakawanda. Pakati pemiti yemichero, tinogona kuratidza mukurumbira wezvino we maarumondi, maorivhi nemiti yecarob seanofarira. Miriwo uye nyemba uye zviyo zvinobudawo pachena.
Hunhu hwemiti inonaya mvura
Kusarudzwa kwemiti inonaya mvura haibvi chete pakuoma kwemamiriro ekunze, asiwo nekupisa, hongu. Akashanda munharaunda yeMediterranean, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzisina mvura dzakadzikama uye mamiriro okunze asina kusimba anogara achinaya mvura, aine mamwe marudzi akasiyana-siyana mune mamwe asi kwete mune mamwe. Nyika yakaoma ndeimwe ine isingasviki 500 mm yemvura. Asi tinofanirawo kuziva kuti kune mamiriro ekunze atinoti akaoma nekuti inzvimbo dzisina njodzi. Saka kunyangwe vangave zvishoma pamusoro pazvo, kumaodzanyemba kweSpain muna 2016-17 (600mm yemvura), iwo mamiriro ekunze asina kusimba, kutenderera mwedzi 7 nemvura shoma kana kusanaya, ichiwedzera nguva nenguva mumwedzi yezhizha.
Iyi miti photosynthesize zvakaringana uye inovhara stomata yavo kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura kuburikidza nekubuda. Ndinofanirawo kufunga kuti michero yayo inoda mvura shoma kuti ikure. Izvi zvinoreva kuti miti inonaya mvura inokwanisa kutsungirira nguva yakareba isina kunaya pasina kukuvadzwa.
Miti yemichero inoshivirira kusanaya kwemvura
Kunze kwemiti inonaya mvura, kunewo miti yemichero inokwanisa kushivirira kusanaya kwemvura. Ngatitarisei mimwe mienzaniso yakanaka kwazvo:
Jujube
Mazuva ndiwo muti unotarisirwa kubereka michero, inowanzoibva munaSeptember uye inoita semiorivhi kana kunyange mazuva. Kana yanyatsotsva, nyama yayo inenge yakasvibira muruvara uye yakada kufanana mukugadzirwa nekunaka kweapuro. Inogonawo kuitwa yakaoma kana mujamu. Muti wemichero wemuIbero-Africa unogara. Inorimwa zvakanyanya munharaunda yeMediterranean, asiwo kuNorth Africa.
Arbutus
Muti westrawberry muti wemuchero wakaoma unogara wakaoma une muchero unoibva mumatsutso. Kukura kwayo kuri pakati nepakati, kana kuti kunonoka. Chimiro chinonyanya kukosha chemuti uyu ndechekuti inonyanya kupikisa kutonhora. Zvibereko zvaro zvidiki, spherical berries, chete anenge 2 cm muhupamhi. Michero iyi inodyiwa uye inonaka zvekuti inogona kutoshandiswa kugadzira zvinwiwa. Ihwowo muti wakanaka kwazvo une zvishongo zvinoshandiswa mubindu.
Plum
Plum miti iri pakati pemiti yemichero iri nyore kukura inonaya. Pakutanga kubva kuPersia neCaucasus, inogona kusvika kureba kwemamita matanhatu kana manomwe. Inopikisa zvakakwana kupisa uye yakakwana kune mamiriro ekunze asina mvura yakawanda. Aya maitiro akafanana nemaapricots, mumwe muti wemichero unonaya mvura unobvumirawo kushomeka kwemvura zvakanaka.
At
Icho chirimwa chinokwira semi-huni. Yakagadzirwa kubva mumichero yayo, mazambiringa newaini, chigadzirwa chehukuru hwetsika nehupfumi, kunyanya mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeIberian Peninsula.
Mazambiringa anoibva muzhizha, uye kana ukapa zvirimwa kutarisira kwavanoda, unenge uine goho rakanaka. Edza kuwana maawa matanhatu echiedza chezuva pazuva, uye chengetedza kubva kune zvipembenene nezvirwere (mwando unobatsira kukura kwefungi). Inofanirawo kudimburwa nguva dzose. Inodzivisa kusanaya kwemvura zvakanaka, asi kunyange zvakadaro, kudiridza nguva dzose kwemuti uyu kunokurudzirwa, kunyanya muzhizha.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvemiti inonaya uye maitiro ayo.