La Phragmites australis chirimwa chakajairika kwazvo chemumvura mumanyoro ane hunyoro uye ndechemhuri poaceae uye zita rayo rinobva mutsindo wechiGiriki chirevo zvinoreva kuti tsanga nhete. Iyi yakanaka mhando inokura zvakasimba, nekuda kweiyo yakasimba rhizomatous midzi system.
Inogona kusvika pakureba pakati pe2 kusvika 6 m pakureba, nekuda kwemashizha ayo akasimba akasimba, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwevhu uye humhumhu huripo munharaunda. Kunyangwe ichida hunyoro, inoshivirira kusanaya kwenguva pfupi kwazvo. Icho chirimwa chisinga pinde, chinoita kuti chive chakanakisa kune phytodepuration.
Zviratidzo
Rudzi urwu rwezvirimwa rwatinogona kuwana munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakawanda kazhinji chinoratidza zvakanaka kuti ivhu rine zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana punto chirimwa chinoda mwando wakakwirira uye hunyoro kusvika pakakwirira tembiricha. Nekuva nezvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, ivhu rese kwaunogona kuwana chirimwa ichi rinoratidza kuti vane mhando yakanaka.
Semuenzaniso, chirimwa ichi Inogoverwa mukati meSoutheast Regional Park uye inogoverwa zvakanyanya munzira ina nzizi dzinoumba chikamu ichi. Uye zvakare, isu tinogona zvakare kuvawana mune gumi nemaviri emadhigoni akanyorwa.
La Phragmites australis mumamiriro akakodzera inogona kukura pamusoro pemamita mana pakureba. Hunde dzayo dzakasimba, dzakamira, dzakasvibira, dzinoenderera uye dzisina mhango uye mamwe mashizha awo anoiswa kune rumwe rutivi rwehunde, greyish green color, yakareba, yakatetepa uye yakatetepa uye yakatetepa zvishoma.
Iyo inflorescence yemuti uyu inoitika mumwedzi waNyamavhuvhu. Maruva ayo anotaridzika sechigunwe chakaumbwa neakawanda ma brown spikelets.Aya makwirikisi ane matavi mazhinji uye akazara kutenderera. Iwo mapikicha kana panicles anokwanisa kuyera kusvika pamasendimita makumi maviri paupamhi mushure mekukura kwemuti. Spikelet yega yega ine kubva pamaruva maviri kusvika gumi nemaviri.
Izvo zviyero zvemaruva zvinoderera kubva pachigadziko kusvika kumusoro kwespike. Dzimwe nguva havasi vese spikelets vanobudirira, nekuti mamwe acho anoderedzwa kuita glume uye floret, izvo zvinoita kuti tassels dzisaratidze kuratidzika kweminhenga. Zvichienderana nembeu idzi idiki uye dzinogona kuyera 1.5 mm kureba.
Tiri kutaura nezve mhando yemiti isingaperi iyo inobereka zvakanyanya kuburikidza neiyo rhizomes. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inoda nzvimbo yakakura kuti ikwanise kubereka nekupararira mumunda wese. Humwe hunhu hukuru hunosarudzika nemuti uyu ndewekuti, mumwaka wezhizha, une ruvara rwegirinhi uye munguva yechando unoshandura ruvara rwakatsvukuruka.
Aya marudzi emarudzi anogona zvakare kuvimba zvizere netembiricha iri mumwaka wega wega. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti isu tatova mumatsutso uye kuti ivo vachiri vasina iyo yakatsvukuruka-shava vara rinovaratidzira iwo panguva dzino dzeanodzikira tembiricha.
Kwakatangira uye pekugara
Ichi chirimwa cheEuropean mavambo icho chakapararira kwazvo pasirese, chiri zviripo pamakondinendi mashanu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakadzikama. Yakapararira kwazvo munzvimbo dzine matondoInogona zvakare kuonekwa mumatope ari kubuda uye anoramba aripo.
Kupararira kweiyo Phragmites australis
Rudzi inobereka kubva kumbeu uye kuburikidza nemastolon uye rhizomes. Kuwanza kwenzvimbo kunoitika kunyanya kuburikidza nekukura kwezvirimwa uye kuita patsva maitiro, kudzika midzi kwevanhu vatsva Phragmites unowana ne kuparadzira mbeu, rhizomes uye miche.
Munzvimbo dzine madhaka pazasi pegungwa, kukura kwayo kunoitika kunyanya nekuda kweayo akasimba rhizomes. Nezve nzira yekumhanyisa, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndizvo zvakajairika, zvisinei, panogona kuve nekugadzirwa kwembeu pasina kudikanwa kwekusangana.
Zvishandiso uye basa re Phragmites australis
Tsanga rave richishandiswa kwenguva yakareba munyika yebhasikiti kuruka. Hunhu hwayo hwave kunyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mamatiresi, mameti nemabhasiketi. Dzimwe nguva, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa, yanga ichishandiswa sevaperekedzi veimwe yakawanda nyoro zvirimwa. Mashizha uye nhungirwa zvaainazvo zvakapfava zvinodyiwa uye zvinoshanda sedhayi yezvipfeko zvegirinhi uye zveyero.
Kumwe kushandiswa kwagara kuchishandiswa ndekwekuvaka. Mune ino ambit, Iyo yaishandiswa kugadzira mamwe matenga mumatumba uye mashedhi. Kana tikashandisa iyo rhizome uye toishandisa se decoction kusvikira yaita hupfu, inogona kushanda sedhiureti,
mukaka-unodzinga uye diaphoretic.
Kana riri basa rinoitwa nerutsanga muzvinhu zvipenyu, zvakakosha. Uye ndizvozvo Inoita basa rakakosha nekuti shiri zhinji dzemumvura dzinogara uye dzinoita matendere adzo pakati pezvirimwa izvi.. Sezvo zvirimwa izvi zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzine zvakawanda zve
hunyoro uye mune emvura makosi ehukuru hwakasiyana uye hunhu, shiri dzinotora mukana wehukuru hwadzo kugadzira matendere adzo.
Naizvozvo Phragmites australis Chave chirimwa chinonakidza kubva pane zvese zvekushongedza uye zvakatipoteredza maonero. Kune rimwe divi, isu tine simba rayo rekushongedza sezvo ichionekwa seimwe yemiti yemumvura inoshandiswa kushongedza
madziva akasiyana-siyana. Chokwadi iwe unogona kuwana izvi zvirimwa mumagetsi ekuisira emamwe mapaki emumaguta nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza.
Kune rimwe divi, isu tiri kutaura nezve chirimwa chine mabasa makuru ezvemamiriro ekunze so Iyo inoshandiswa kudzoreredza nzvimbo
kunyorova. Icho chirimwa chakachinjika zvakaringana uye sezvo ichi chichigona kushandiswa mumahombekombe uye mukati megungwa zvisikwa kuti vadzore uye kugadzikana kwezvisikwa zvipenyu nemiti yavo nemhuka.
Kumuchengeta Phragmites australis
Sezvatakambotaura, chirimwa ichi hachina chete kushandiswa mumunda wekudzoreredza nharaunda asi zvakare inogona kushandiswa pakushandisa zvishongo mumapindu nemapaki. Kana tichida kuva nazvo mubindu redu kana kuzvidyara mumunda medu tinofanira kuziva izvo zvinodiwa pakutanga.
Chinhu chekutanga ndicho nzvimbo. Zviri pachena kuti chirimwa chinokura mune zvakasikwa rwizi rwenzvimbo ecosystems inoda nzvimbo yekunze muzuva rakazara. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti inogona zvakare kugadziridzwa mune semi-mumvuri, kunyangwe isiri iyo inonyanya kuratidzwa. Unoda nhamba huru yemaawa e
zuva pazuva.
Kana ari uririIsu tambotaura kuti inoda kupihwa kukuru kwehutano. Nekudaro, izvi hazvisi kutonhodza chero bedzi zvinogona kuve nemadhiraini akanaka uye zvinoramba zvakanyorova. Iyo drainage inobvumira kuti irege kuguma kuunganidza yakawandisa mvura yekudiridza
uye hunyoro hwakakwana hunochengetedzwa kuitira kuti chirimwa chikwanise kukura mumamiriro akanaka. Kuchengetedza humhutu hunodikanwa nemuti, tinofanirwa kuudiridza kakawanda. Izvo zvinodikanwa kudiridza zuva nezuva uye kunyange kuve nehuswa padyo nayo
chirimwa kutora mukana wemvura inoenderera.
Iyo haidi kuti iiswe manyowa nenzira ipi neipi kunze kwekunge ivhu rakanyanya kushata.
Nguva yakanakisa yegore yekudyara iri muchirimo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti haina kukwanisa kumira kwakanyanya tembiricha uye inoenderera chando inogona kudzivirira kukura kwayo. Kunyanya chirimwa ichi chinokwanisa kumira -7 degrees tembiricha
kwenguva pfupi. Ndokureva, inogona kungomira nguva nenguva chando.
Maitiro ehupfumi
La Phragmites Australis Sezvo chiri chirimwa chakapararira zvakanyanya, chinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo hombe dzezvirimwa, kunyanya idzo dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzekudonha mvura kana migero yemadiridziro, aya inzvimbo dzakakodzera kuti simiti itange kupinda nechisimba nyore. Kune mishumo kubva kumatunhu epasirese ezvirimwa zvakawanda zvakakanganiswa nemuti.
MuEurope yose inoonekwa seimwe yezvakakosha zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kwematambudziko akasiyana siyana, sekukura kwemasora mumigero nemahurongwa emvura, ndiwo mamiriro akajairika mumatunhu akasiyana siyana epasi. Munyika dzakaita seEjipitori, chinhu chakakosha chemaruva mumigero, umo chakapindawo munzvimbo dzine munyu wenyika dzadiridzwa.
Dambudziko guru rerudzi urwu rwehuswa hwemumvura kuvharika kwekuyerera kwemvura, izvo zvinokonzeresa matambudziko ane chekuita nekushanda kwesystem, senge dhayera yemvura, kupihwa mvura kwekudiridzira nekuwana hove.
Ruzivo rwasvika kubva kuKazakhstan richiratidza izvozvo chirimwa ichi chinoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kwehwande hwezvipembenene zvemhashu. Mhando idzi dzinogona zvakare kuita senge chikuva chekutakurira huwandu hwehutachiona hwezviyo hwakakosha, kusanganisira chibage chidiki mosaic hutachiona, bhari yero yera diki, uye nzimbe mosaic hutachiona.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzekutonga
Kudzivirira kutonga
Kune akasiyana siyana e masimba ekudzivirira kupararira kwakanyanya kweiyo Phragmites AustralisZvimwe zvinoenderana nekupisa, kushandiswa kwemapurasitiki mulch, tsika, kwohupenyu, kudzora kwemuviri, kucheka, kudonha. Heano mamwe eakanyanya kukosha.
Biologic kutonga
Dzidzo yesainzi yakaratidza kuvepo kweanopfuura mazana maviri marudzi ezvipembenene zvine hukama nePhragmites, kusanganisira zvipembenene, mite uye fungi. Asi hazvisi zvese zvinopera ipapo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune mamwe marudzi emarudzi akawanda ane hukama nemuti.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza mukana wekudzora kupinda kwechirimwa, uchishandisa mafuro emombe, maererano nekuferefeta uku nzira iyi ine mukana wakakura wekubudirira kubvisa kukanganisa kune vanhu Phragmites. Iyi sarudzo inoenderana nenyaya yekuti mombe dzinogona kuchengetedza kudya-kwakanangana nekudyara kwenguva pfupi, pasina kukanganisa hutano hwako.
Kunyange chiri chokwadi kuti kufudza kwakadzika kunodzora huwandu hweichi chirimwa, zvinosuwisa zvakafanana hazviitike nemidzi yemuti. Kunyangwe kufura kukaitwa panguva isiriyo, zvinogona kuitika ndezvekuti kuvepo kwemadzinde kunowedzera.
Kudzora muviri
Kana uchitsvaga kushandisa nzira dzepanyama, hanya dzinofanira kutorwa kana zvikasadaro kutaridzika kwemuti unopinza kunogona kukurudzirwa. Iko kushandiswa kwe herbicide pamwe chete neicho chakatsva chingave nzira inoshanda kwazvo. Kana mushonga wesora wakurudzirwa waiswa, kupisa kunofanira kuitwa gore rinotevera munguva yezhizha kana yechando.
Zvirimwa hazvifanirwe kupiswa zvisati zvaita maruva, nekuti izvi zvinogona kukurudzira kukura kwavo. Vamwe vanamazvikokota vane fungidziro yekuti kupisa kunogona chete kukurudzira kukura nekusimbisa kweiyo rhizome uye nekuita kuti vakasara vevanhu vawedzere kusimba. Kupisa mushure mekushandisa herbicide kunodzora kusingaperi kwemuti wakafa uye mashizha mashizha, ayo inogona kukurudzira kumera kwemiti mumwaka unotevera wekukura.
Zvokuimba kuzvidzora
Paunenge uchishandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo yesimba (magwenzi ekuchekesa uswa, vatema mabhurasho, cheka manyorerwo), izvi zvinogona kushanda mukuderedza kupararira kwehuwandu hwevanhu, asi hazvigone kubudirira mukuparadza huwandu hwevanhu kana husina kushandiswa pamwe chete nekushandisa herbicide. Kuchera kwevhu kunogona zvakare kuve nzira inoshanda yekudzora, asi kana, kana yapera, zvidimbu zvemidzi zvasara muvhu, kudzoreredzwa kwevanhu kunogona kuitika.
Mushure mekushandisa zvemakanika kudzora, nzvimbo yacho inofanirwa kucheneswa zvakakwana uye marara ese akaunganidzwa akaraswa kudzivirira inogona kuitika mbeu. Kana michina yekudzivirira ichishandiswa pamwe nekushandisa mushonga wesora, iyo yekupedzisira inofanirwa kuiswa pekutanga uye kana kwapera vhiki dzinosvika mbiri, ipapo michina yekudzivirira inoshandiswa.