Prunus, miti ine maruva akaisvonaka

Munzvimbo dzinopisa vane mukana wakakura kuva nemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti ine maruva anoyevedza; Nekudaro, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakadzikama tisina zvakawanda, kune zvimwe zvirimwa izvo, kana maruva azvo akasarudza kutumbuka, anova anoshamisa echisikigo. Mumwe wemiti yakanakisa ndeye Prunus.

Kunyangwe iri mhando ipi, iri chirimwa chatinogona kuwana kona yakanaka yemumvuri uye mufaro wakakura muchirimo. Senge sekunge izvo zvaive zvisina kukwana, kune akati wandei marudzi atinogona kudzikamisa dumbu redu. Saka, kana isu tichifunga izvi zvese, hatigone kumira kunyora yakakosha chinyorwa neruzivo rwese nezvake, Prunus.

Prunus kugovera uye hunhu

Yedu protagonist iri genus yemiti inowanzo kuora kana shrub (ivo vanorasikirwa nemashizha avo mumatsutso-chando uye kumera zvakare muchirimo) iri yemhuri yemabhodhoro Rosaceae. Vanokura zvakasikwa munzvimbo dzinodziya pasi resekunyanya kubva kuEurope neAsia. Kune huwandu hwemazana zana anogamuchirwa kubva pane mazana manomwe akatsanangurwa, ane hunhu hunotevera:

• Mashizha: chinosiyana, chiri nyore, chikafu uye chinowanzo sungwa.
• Flores: hermaphrodites, yega, inokatyamadza kana muumbelliform cymes (iri inflorescence iyo maruva madzinde akaenzana urefu hwakaenzana) kana racemiform (iri inflorescence ine hombe yemaruva stalk kubva kune ayo anomuka pakupera uko maruva anotumbuka) . Ivo vachena kana pingi muvara.
• Chibereko: idrupe mune imwe kana mbiri mbeu inowanikwa. Nyama kana pulp inozvidzivirira kazhinji inodyiwa (blackthorn, plum), asi dzimwe nguva yakaoma (almond).
• Mbeu: dzinoyera pakati pe1 ne2cm, dzakawandisa kana dzakaderera nedehwe, dzakajeka shava muvara.

Mukati meiyo genus pane matanhatu subgenres, ayo ari:

• amygdalus (pichisi nemaarimondi): ane maquilla axillary mumapoka matatu.
• cerasus .
• laurocerassus: inogara yakasvibira (inogara yakasvibira gore rese), uye iine yega axillary nhungirwa. Mbeu dzayo dzakatsetseka.
• Lithocerasus (dwarf cherry miti): ane maquillary shoots mumapoka matatu, uye inotsvedzerera mbeu.
• padus: vane masumbu inflorescences, ega axillary nhungirwa uye akatsetseka mbeu mhodzi.
• Prunus (apurikoti kana apurikoti, uye puramu): vane mapfunde ega, uye nembeu dzembeu dzakaomarara.

Mhando zhinji dzakarimwa munyika

Ornamental

Prunus cerasifera  

Ndicho deciduous muti inozivikanwa sebindu plamu, chishongo cherry kana cherry-plum, inowanikwa pakati nepakati kumabvazuva kweEurope. Inokura kusvika pakakwirira pakakwirira de 15m. Mashizha awo anotaridza kwazvo, sezvo iwo akatsvuka kwazvo akatsvuka.

Pamusoro pezvo, kunyangwe ichirimwa sechishongedzo, chirimwa chine michero inodyiwa. Muchokwadi, iwe unogona kugadzira jamu navo. Uye kana izvi zvikasazoguma zvave kunakidza kwauri, ndikuudze izvozvo inodzivirira kutonhora pasi -7ºC.

Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii

Izvo zvakasiyana zve Prunus cerasifera inozivikanwa sepurpuru-yakasiya plum yekuPersia. Zviri nezve deciduous muti iyo inokura pakati 6 uye 15 metres Yakareba.

Prunus laurocerassus

Inozivikanwa nemazita Royal Laurel, Cherry Laurel kana Lauroceraso, iri shrub hombe kana diki miti yakasvibira iyo inogona kusvika pakakwirira 10 metres. Inotumbuka muchirimo uye, kana mamiriro ari echokwadi, inogona zvakare kuzviita mukudonha.

Inowanzo shandiswa se ruzhowa kana kuzadza maburi. Icho chirimwa chinoshivirira kuchekerera kwazvo, uye chinodzivirira kutonhora kusvika iyo -10ºC.

prunus lusitanica

Inozivikanwa saAzarero, Laurel de Portugal, Loro kana Palo de loro, iyi evergreen shrub kana arboreal chirimwa iyo inosvika pakukwirira kusvika ku 8 mamita chizvarwa kuPortugal, Canary Islands neNorth Africa. Maruva ayo madiki asi akawanda kwazvo, machena uye anonhuwirira.

Inoshora kutonhora kusvika -10ºC.

prunus mahaleb

Iyo Saint Lucia Cherry ndeye shrub deciduous kana muti yemuno kuNorth Africa, uye pakati nekumaodzanyemba kweEurope inosvika a kureba kusvika pamamita gumi. Maruva machena ayo yaanogadzira anoshongedza kwazvo, mukuwedzera, nekufamba kwenguva inopa yakanaka kwazvo mumvuri.

Inodzivisa kusvika -7ºC.

Prunus murume

MaJapan Apricot kana Chinese Plum ndeye deciduous muti aibva kuChina uyo, mushure mekutorwa kuenda kuKorea neJapan, akakwanisa kuve akajairwa munyika idzi. Inosvika pakakwirira kusvika 10 mamita. Inogadzira maruva akaisvonaka, ndosaka ichishandiswa pamusoro pezvose sekushongedza; Zvakadaro, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti muchero unodyiwa, asi une kuravira kunorwadza.

Inodzivisa kusvika -7ºC.

prunus padus

Iyo sumbu cherry, cherry kana alder, cerisuela kana pado cherry iri deciduous muti chizvarwa chemasango ane hunyoro eEurope, Western Asia neNorth Africa inokura kusvika pakakwirira 6-7 metres. Maruva ayo akanaka machena akarongedzwa mumasumbu akareba, akarembera, izvo zvinopa chirimwa chitarisiko chinoshamisa.

Inoshora kutonhora kusvika -7ºC.

Prunus serrulata

Kunyanya kuzivikanwa se japanese cherry kana cherry yeJapan, iri deciduous muti yemuno kuJapan, Korea neChina inokura kusvika pakakwirira 6-7 metres. Iyo ndeimwe yemhando dzinonakidza kwazvo, sezvo painotumbuka matavi ayo akavanzwa kuseri kwemashizha uye zvinoita sekunge iine hunde nemaruva chete.

Ramba kusvika iyo -15ºC.

Prunus serrulata 'Kanzan'

Iyo mhando yeJapanese Cherry chizvarwa chekuJapan, China neKorea inokura kusvika 6-9 metres. Muchirimo, mashizha asati abuda, huwandu hwakawanda hwemaruva machena kana epingi anotumbuka.

Horticultural

Prunus armeniacaaca

Muti weapurikoti, unozivikanwawo seapurikoti, apurikoti, apurikoti kana albergero, iri deciduous muti chizvarwa kuChina, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan neSyria inokura kusvika pakakwirira 3-6 metres. Maruva acho akachena, uye muchero uyu idonhwe rinodyiwa rinodyiwa riri nyowani, uye rinoshandiswa zvakare kugadzira jam.

Inoshora kutonhora kusvika -10ºC.

prunus avium

El Cherry Ndicho muti unobereka michero akaberekerwa kuEurope uye Western Asia. Inokura kusvika pakukwirira kwemamita makumi matatu, kunyangwe mukurima haitenderwi kudarika 6-7m. Maruva acho akanaka eruvara chena, asi pasina kupokana chinokwezva kutarisisa michero yawo: ma cherries, anogona kudyiwa ari nyowani kubva muchirimwa, mumajamu, uye liqueur anotogadzirwa nawo anonzi maraschino.

Inodzivisa kusvika -15ºC.

Prunus domestica

Iyo plum iri muti unodzika kusvika pamamita matanhatu pakureba akaberekerwa kuEurope uye kumadokero kweAsia. Ndiwo muti wakanaka unokwanisa kushandiswa kurongedza gadheni nemunda wemichero, nekuti maruva awo anoshamisa uye michero yawo ine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka, zvekuti vanodyiwa vari vatsva uye mumajusi kana majamu.

Inodzivisa kusvika -12ºC.

Prunus insititia

Prunus insititia, ane zita resainzi Prunus domestica subsp. akatanga, iri rakasiyana plamu rinozivikanwa semusango plamu, damascene plum, Dhamasiko plamu kana mukuru blackthorn chizvarwa kuSyria. Iyo inosiyana kubva kune plum muti neayo michero, ayo ari madiki, uye nekuda kweeruvara rweganda ravo, ayo anotangira kubva kubhuruu kuenda kune indigo.

prunus dulcis

El almond chidiki deciduous muti Pakutanga kubva kumatunhu emakomo eCentral Asia, yakwanisa kuve yakasarudzika muMediterranean. Svika pakakwirira pakakwirira 5 metres. Michero yawo, maarumondi, anodyiwa matsva, kungave mumadhizeti kana sezvikafu.

Inodzivisa kusvika -5ºC.

prunus persica

Peach muti kana peach muti i deciduous muti kutanga kubva kuChina, Afghanistan neIran. Inosvika kureba kwe 6-8 metres. Munguva yechirimo, mashizha asati atumbuka, maruva epingi akanaka anotumbuka, izvo zvinoita kuti uve muti wakanaka webindu ... asiwo muti webindu, nekuti michero yawo inonaka uye inogona kudyiwa nyowani.

Inodzivisa kusvika -7ºC.

prunus spinosa

Nhema nhema Icho chakakwenenzverwa chaizvo uye chine minzwa deciduous shrub inokura kusvika kumamita mana pakureba kutanga kubva kuEurope. MuSpain inozivikanwa zvakare seSloe kana arañon munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kweiyo peninsula, uye seAbruños kana Ameixa Brava munzvimbo dzeGalicia. Zvibereko zvaro zvakapfuma mu fiber, uye zvakare iri sosi yakanaka kwazvo ye potassium, iron ne calcium. Vanogona kudyiwa nyowani, asiwo kugadzira jamu, jellies uye kugadzirira pacharán.

Inodzivisa kutonhora uye chando kusvika -10ºC.

Unozvichengeta sei iwe?

Mushure mekuona zvishamiso zvakawanda, unonzwa sekunge uine imwe, handiti? Asi, kuti uve navo vane hutano hwakakwana, iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvimwe zvinhu kuti ugone kuvapa iyo yakanyanya kutarisira, zvinova zvandiri kuzokuudza izvozvi:

• Nzvimbo: zvirimwa zvinofanirwa kunge zviri kunze, muzuva rakazara. Ingoitika kana iwe uchida muJapan cherry muti uye iwe uchigara mudunhu reMediterranean (kana nemamiriro ekunze akafanana), ini ndinokurudzira kukurudzira kuiisa semi-mumvuri kuitira kuti irege kuva nenguva yakaipa muzhizha.
• Ini ndinowanzo: inofanirwa kunge iine yakanaka kwazvo drainage, sezvo iri inonzwisisika kumidzi kuora. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti ive isina kwazvakarerekera kana zvishoma acidic pH (6-6,5).
• Kudiridza: kazhinji. Kune mamwe marudzi, akadai saP. Dulcis, anotakura kusanaya kwemvura, asi anozokura zvirinani kana akadiridzwa katatu pavhiki mukati memwedzi inodziya uye zvimwe zvishoma pagore rose.
• Nguva yekudyara: mukupera kwechando, mashizha asati atungira.
• Kuwanza: nembeu (kudyara yakananga) kana nekucheka kweanosvika 40cm pakureba muchirimo.
• Vanyoreri: isa fetereza gore rese nefotereza, senge manyowa kana makonye kukanda.
• Kuchekerera: zvinokurudzirwa kuzvichekerera, kunyanya horticultural, kudzora kukwirira kwavo pakupera kwechando. Iwe unofanirwa kubvisa matavi akaoma, anorwara uye asina kusimba, pamwe nekuchekerera iwo ari kukura zvakanyanya.
• Zvipembenene: mealybugs, borer, defoliator moths uye hove dzinorapwa nemishonga chaiyo yezvipembenene.
• Zvirwere:
  • Canker: matavi anokurumidza necrotize pasina chikonzero chiri pachena. Inogona kurapwa neFosetil-Al, asi kana chirwere ichi chapfuura zvakanyanyisa zviri nani kubvisa chirimwa uye kuisa utachiona muvhu kuburikidza nezuva.
  • Nhema nhema: zviratidzo zvakajairika hazvina kujairika, kuwedzeredza uye kukura kushoma kwematavi nematangi. Inonyanya kukanganisa plums. Inogona kurapwa nekucheka kuburikidza nechikamu chine hutano uye nekuisa pakurapa kunama. Saizvozvo, zvakakosha kuita imwe chete kurapwa neyemhangura-yakavakirwa fungicide.

Iwe wafungei nezve Prunus? Zvakanaka, handizvo?