Roses (Rosa spp)

Imwe yeakanyanya kurimwa kushongedza zvirimwa munyika uye kwemazana emakore ndeaya roses. Aya makwenzi anotumbuka kwemwedzi, achiburitsa maruva anowanzo kuve makuru uye ane mavara akanaka, senge tsvuku, yero, kana chena. Zvakare, kunyangwe paine mhando dzakawanda dzisina hwema, pane zvimwe zvinoita.

Iko kuchengetedzwa uye kugadziriswa kwemaruva emakwenzi zvakapusa, izvo zvinoita kuti ugare uine iwo muhari. Neichi chikonzero, Idzo zvirimwa zvinogona kushandiswa kushongedza mabalkoni uye / kana materu. 

Kubva uye hunhu hwemaruva

Miti yacho inozivikanwa semaruva kana makwenzi erosi akateedzana emakwenzi, kazhinji ane minzwa, ejenasi Rosa. Iko kune inofungidzirwa 100 marudzi, iyo inokura muAsia, North America, Europe uye Northwest Africa, asi mazhinji anowanikwa kuAsia continent. Kubva pamhando idzi, zvinopfuura zviuru makumi matatu zvezvirimwa zvakagadzirwa, uye zvitsva zvinobuda gore rega rega.

Ivo vanozivikanwa nekuve shrub kana vanokwira vanogona kukura pakati pegumi masendimita uye 10 metres pakureba. zvinoenderana nerudzi kana chirimwa. Iwo madzinde acho ari semi-Woody, uye anodzivirirwa neminzwa gobvu rakapinza. Kubva pamashizha emashizha aya akaumbwa nemashizha mashanu kana mapfumbamwe kana pinnae, ine margin yakasungwa uye yakasvibirira, yakasvibirira kana isingagumi.

Maruva acho akakura zvakanaka, achiyera pakati pe 2 kusvika 10 masendimita muhupamhi. Maruva ayo anogona kuve emhando dzakasiyana siyana: tsvuku, chena, yero, pingi, kana kunyange bicolor (tsvuku ine machena mavara, semuenzaniso). Chibereko chinozivikanwa se rose hudyu, iyo inoumbwa nemichero mizhinji, uye yakatsvuka kana yaibva.

Mhando dzerosi bushes

Roses dzakarimwa kwenguva yakareba zvekuti zvaive zvakafanira kuzvimisikidza neimwe nzira kuti vakwanise kuziva ese marudzi aripo. Nekudaro, izvi zvinomera zvinomisikidzwa zvichienderana nekuti iwo akachena mhando kana mahybridi akagadzirwa nevanhu, uye zvinoenderana nezera ravo:

Masango akasimuka makwenzi

Masango akasimuka makwenzi ndeaya anokura zvakasikwa. Ivo vanowanzo kuburitsa maruva madiki pane ekurima, uye zvakare vanowanzo kuve nemimwe mizhinji mitsetse yekudzivirira zvikara. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi:

pink banksiae

La pink banksiae Iyo shrub inogona kushandiswa sekukwira kana kurembera chinokwira, sezvo iine refu kwazvo madzinde ayo anosvika kusvika pamamita matanhatu. Inowanikwa kuChina, uye iri kunakidza kubvira Kunyangwe iwo maruva awo, ayo anogona kuve akachena kana yero, anoyera chete anenge 2,5 masendimita muhupamhi zvakanyanya, iwo akawanda kwazvo. Uye zvakare, ine inenge isina minzwa uye inoramba iri yegirini.

canine rose

La canine rose Iyo shriduous shrub ine minzwa inokura muEurope, Northwest Africa neWest Asia. Inoyera mamita maviri pakureba, uye ine maruva 4 kusvika ku6 masendimita muhupamhi, chena kana akajeka epingi. Icho chirimwa chine mitsetse yakakombama uye yakatsvuka iyo inokura padivi pehunde, uye iyo inoburitsa michero yeovoid iyo zvakare yakadzika yakatsvuka muvara.

Gallica akasimuka

La Gallica akasimuka Ndiyo shrub ine minzwa inodonha inozivikanwa seRosebush yeCastile kana rosebush yeFrance. Inokura muEurope neWestern Asia, uye chirimwa chinosvika pamamita maviri pakureba. Mashizha awo ari ebhuruu-girini, uye inogadzira maruva anonhuwirira angangoita 3-4 masendimita muhupamhi hwepingi ruvara.

Makwenzi ekare emaruva

Iwo ekare emakwenzi emakwenzi ndeaya akange atovepo pamberi pekutanga Tea Mbeu dzakauchikwa, muna 1867. Iwo akajairwa echisikigo masanganiswa, ndiko kuti, akamuka pasina kupindira kwevanhu muzvisikwa, senge:

Tea yakasimuka

Nezita retii rose isu tinoreva akateedzana maruva anotangira kubva pakuyambuka kwe Giant akasimuka x rose chinensis. Iwo makwenzi kana kukwira izvo gadzira maruva anonhuwirira munguva yezhizha uye mukudonha. Izvi zvinogona kuve chena, pink, lilac, kana yero.

pink x mambakwedza

Inozivikanwa seye chena rose, iri yemasanganiswa chizvarwa kuEurope. Iyo shrub ine minzwa uye inodonhedza inosvika 2 metres pakureba. Maruva ayo akachena uye anoyera pakati pe 6 kusvika 8 masendimita pakureba. Izvi zvinomera mukutanga kwezhizha.

pink x damascene

Inozivikanwa se damask akasimuka kana kumuka kweCastile, uye inozvarwa kune akateedzana emichinjikwa yemarudzi akazvarwa kuMiddle East. Inokura seyakaora shrub inosvika 2 metres kukwira, iyo inodzivirirwa neminzwa. Maruva acho akapinki kana akatsvuka, uye akaenzana masendimita masere pakureba.

Mazuva ano makwenzi emakwenzi

Mazuva ano makwenzi emakwenzi ndeavo vakabuda mugore ra1867. Ivo vanowanzo kuverengerwa zvinoenderana nehukuru hwavo kana mhando yeruva. Iyi ndiyo mimwe mienzaniso:

Tea yemasanganiswa

Aya maRibridi maruva anouya kubva pamuchinjikwa pakati pevamwe vakaita saRosa x odorata, Gallica akasimuka kana Rosa x damascena. Iwo mamakwenzi ane saizi diki, nekuti haapfuure 2 metres pakureba. Zvichienderana nemunda wekurima vanogona kukwira. Maruva avo ane mavara akasiyana kwazvo, uye ivo vanowanzo gadzira iwo kwakawanda kwegore.

Floribunda akasimuka

Iwo mahybrids anobva kumuchinjiko uri pakati rose chinensis y Multiflora akasimuka. Iwo mabhushi angangoita 1 mita kana mita nehafu pakukwirira, izvo gadzira maruva anosvika masendimita gumi pakudarika, eemavara senge yeyero, tsvuku kana pingi yepingi, uye inonhuwirira.

Polyantha akasimuka

La Polyantha akasimuka inotangira pamuchinjiko uri pakati rose chinensis y Multiflora akasimuka. Iwo makwenzi ane minzwa anotumbuka mukati megore uye mukudonha, ndosaka vachikosheswa kwazvo kunyangwe hazvo maruva avo asiri makuru. Aya ari 2,5 masendimita muhupamhi, uye inogona kuva yepingi, chena, kana tsvuku.

Mamwe marudzi

Iwo maruva emakwenzi ayo anozivikanwa nechikonzero. Semuyenzaniso:

David Austin Roses

David Charles Hensaw Austin aive munyori uye botanist aida marosi. Muchokwadi, akakumikidza chikamu chakanaka chehupenyu hwake mukugadzira miriwo mitsva yaive nehunhu uye pefiyumu yemasango ekare emaruva, asi zvakare kugona kubudirira kwenguva yakawanda yegore. A) Hongu, yakawana anopfuura mazana emarimi, Pakati payo pane pink-yakadururwa 'Constance Spry', kana yeorenji-inoyerera 'Charles Austin'.

Kuchema kwakasimuka

Iwo marimi ayo anozivikanwa nekuve nematavi akarembera kana madzinde. Iwo anowanzo kubatanidzwa kune vamwe kune epamusoro mhando maruva kana zvirinani kurwisa chirwere. Semuenzaniso tinosimbisa 'Les Quatre Saisons', akasiyana maruva epingi ayo anoyera nezve 3-4 masentimita, ayo anotumbuka kubva pakati pechirimo kusvika mukupedzisira kwezhizha.

Nyaya inoenderana:

+7 mhando dzemaruva

Kuchengeta gwenzi rose rose muhari uye mubindu

Ruva mabhushi michero yekutenda kwazvo. Ivo havadi kutarisirwa kwakanyanya, saka ivo vanokodzera kune vanotanga. Asi ngatione zvakadzama zvese zvavanoda:

Nzvimbo

Roses inofanirwa kunge iri panze. Izvo zvakakosha kuti vaiswe panze nekuti mukati memba vakatadza kukura zvakanaka nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechiedza.

Kunyangwe vachizove muvhu kana muhari, vanofanirwa kuve nenzvimbo yakakwana yekukura. Midzi yawo haina kukanganisa, saka hatife takafanira kunetseka pamusoro peizvi.

Ruva rezuva rinoda maawa mangani?

Zvekuti iro rose rinogona kutumbuka zvinodikanwa kuti iwe ugozvipa iko kushoma kwemaawa mana ezuva rakananga mazuva ese. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvisaririra, senge pitiminí rose gwenzi iyo inogona kuve iri semi-mumvuri isina kuoneswa zvakananga kuzuva chero nguva.

Ivhu kana substrate

• Garden: maruva anokura muvhu rine hupfumi. Uye zvakare, idzi hadzifanirwe kufashira zviri nyore.
• Ruva poto: kana ikachengetwa muhari, svikiro rinokura repasirese rinogona kushandiswa.

Kudiridza

Havagoni kumira kusanaya kwemvura. Neichi chikonzero isu tichadiridza avhareji katatu katatu pasvondo muzhizha, uye 3-1 nguva pasvondo mukati megore rose, matsutso uye nguva yechando. Tinoshandisa mvura inonaya kana zvichibvira, kana imwe yakaderera muimuimu.

Saizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira kuti maruva ako anyorove patinodiridza, nekuti zvikasadaro vaizoomesa nguva yavo isati yakwana.

Vanyoreri

Kuti uwane zvese zvinofanirwa kukura kuti zvikure uye zvinogona kuburitsa maruva mazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kufesa maruva emakwenzi mumwaka wese wekudyarandiko kuti, kubva muchirimo kusvika matsutso.

Nechinangwa ichi tinoshandisa mafotereza akadai sehonye humus, kana guano (kutengesa pano). Zvimwe zvakanaka kwazvo mupfudze wehuku (chero bedzi waoma), kana manyowa.

Kuchekerera

Ndeipi yekuchekerera rose rose bushes? Zvinoenderana. Kune mhando mbiri dzekuchekerera: iyo yekudzidzira imwe, inoitwa pakupera kwechando, uye kuchekerera maruva kuri pachena kunoitwa kana kuri kutumbuka.

• Kugadzira kuchekerera: inosanganisira kubvisa matavi akafa uye anorwara, pamwe nemasuckers (iwo matavi anotumbuka kubva pazasi pehunde, ayo anowanzoita kunge akaonda kupfuura mamwe uye aine mashizha mashoma zvishoma). Zvakare, madzinde anofanirwa kutemerwa zvishoma kudzora kukura kwechirimwa.
• Kutema maruva: Maruva akasvava anofanira kutemwa, semuenzaniso chigero. Asi chenjera, iwe haufanire chete kubvisa ruva, asiwo akati wandei masendimita ehunde. Kana dzinde racho rakareba masendimita makumi maviri, rinobviswa anenge masendimita mashanu; asi kana ichingova masendimita gumi, isingasviki hafu ichabviswa.

Nyaya inoenderana:

Nzira yekuita sei rose bushes kubuda

Rosebush zvipembenene

Rose bushes inogona kuva nezvipembenene izvi:

• Tsvuku tsvuku: chitsvuku mite chatinowana pazasi pemashizha. Ivo vanonetesa chirimwa, saka zvakakosha kuti chigadziriswe ne diatomaceous ivhu kana maacaricides nekukurumidza pavanowanikwa.
• Mealybugs: kurwiswa kwe cottony mealybug. Inowanikwa mumashizha nemadzinde, uye inoyamwa sadza kubva mumuti. Inobviswa ne diatomaceous earth (iri kutengeswa pano), pyrethrins kana potassium sipo.
• Rosebush manyepo enhema: ndiwo maruva ewadhi arge rosae. Vane muviri muchena une mavara matema, musoro mutema uye yero musana. Ivo vanodya mashizha, saka zvinodikanwa kurapa maruva emakwenzi nemafuta enem (kutengesa pano) kana diatomaceous pasi.
• Nguruve: Vari hove girinhi kana shava iyo inodya pane hura hweruva mabukira nemashizha. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, iyo fungus yakashinga inowanikwa, iyo inovhara mashizha nerudzi rwehupfu hutema. Ivo vanobviswa ne diatomaceous pasi kana pyrethrins.

Ruva gwenzi zvirwere

Ruva mabhushi anogona kuva nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana muhupenyu hwavo hwese:

• Nzvimbo nhema: iwo matema matema ane zvimwe kana zvishoma kutenderera chimiro chakaburitswa nefungi yemhando Marssonina rosae. Dzinoonekwa kunyanya pamashizha ezasi. Inorapwa nema fungicides ane mhangura.
• Mildew: chirwere chefungal chinopfuudzwa nefungus Peronospora sparsa. Inokonzeresa mabara eruvara rwunobva paruvara rwepepuru kusvika kuchena kuoneka pamashizha, mapundu uye pamaruva. Nekufamba kwenguva zvikamu zvakakanganiswa zvinosviba nekudonha. Iyo inorwiwa nefungicides ine mhangura kana sarufa (iri kutengeswa pano).
• Powdery chakuvhe: the powdery chakuvhe chirwere chefungal chinopfuudzwa ne Sphaerotheca pannosa. Iwo akakanganiswa maruva emakwenzi ane mashizha akafukidzwa nechena-chena hupfu. Iyo inorwiwa ne anti-powdery mildew fungicides, senge izvi.
• Roya: chirwere chefungal icho, mune kesi yemakwenzi emakwenzi, chinopfuudzwa nefungi yezvipenyu Phragmidium mucronatum. Inogadzira yero-orenji mapundu pazasi pemashizha. Inogona kurapwa nema fungicides ane horsetail (yekutengesa pano) kana mhangura.

Kuwanza

Ruva makwenzi inowanzo kuwedzerwa nekucheka mukati megore. Kutora mukana wekusara kwekuchekereresa, hwaro hwematemu - ayo ari egirini- anogona kuiswa nemahomoni anotora midzi (kutengeswa pano) uye vadyarire mubindu kana muhari ine substrate, senge vermiculite kana peat. Vachadzura mukati angangoita mavhiki maviri.

Mhando dzakachena dzinogona kuwedzerwa nembeu zvakare. Aya anodyarwa munguva yechando, mumabhedhi embeu ane substrate senge mulch, uye anochengetwa achidiridzwa, mune semi-mumvuri. Mukati megore rose vachatanga kumera.

Rusticity

Roses izvo zvirimwa zvinoita semamiriro ekunze akadzikama, nechando chakadzikama uye kutonhora kwechando. Iyo yakawanda kwazvo yemarimi ayo anotengeswa anomira anotonhora echando anosvika -18ºC pasina dambudziko, kuitira kuti agone kuchengetwa panze kunze kwegore pasina matambudziko munzvimbo zhinji dzeSpain; uye muchiitiko chekuti iwe unogara munzvimbo inotonhorera, ine mucheka unodzivirira chando unoadzichengetedza.

Chii chawafunga nezve maruva? Une mumwe munhu?