Pane chitendero chakasimba chokuti michindwe miti. Uyu mutsara wakanyorwa mumabhuku, mablog uye encyclopedias. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti Iwo marudzi maviri akasiyana kwazvo emiti., zvakare. Hazvina kufanana nekuenzanisa pine nemaple: yekare ndeye conifer, uye iyo yekupedzisira muti wakafara mashizha, hongu, asi vane tateguru uye mararamiro akafanana, saka ivo vose vari miti. Miti yemichindwe ndeimwe nyaya.
Asi, ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pavo? Chii chatinofanira kutarisa kuti tione kuti chirimwa muti here kana kuti muchindwe? Zvadaro ndichakutsanangurirai kuti sei michindwe isiri miti.
Iwo monocotyledonous zvinomera
Mufananidzo – Wikimedia/RickP
Kufanana nehuswa, kunyange zvazvo michindwe iri chaizvo megaforbias (giant grasses). Kana mhodzi dzamera, cotyledon imwe chete (primitive leaf) inomera, inoyeuchidza nezvehuswa semuenzaniso.. Iri pepa rinogona kupatsanurwa kuita mapepa maviri, sezvakaita Wodyeta semuenzaniso, asi kazhinji iri nyore, senge rePhoenix kana Washingtonia.
Zvino, kuve chirimwa chemonocotyledonous chinopfuura icho, sezvauchakwanisa kuona izvozvi.
Vanongowanda nemhodzi
Nzira yekucheka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuparadzirwa kwemiti, asi mumichindwe zvakaoma kuiwana. Kune rimwe divi, kune vashoma kwazvo vanogadzira hunde akati wandei, senge Chamaerops anonyadzisa, Phoenix dactylifera, Cyrtostachys renda o Nannorhops ritchiana; uye kune rimwe racho, zvirimwa izvi hazvina cambium kana yechipiri meristem. Uye pasina iyi meristem, iyo inoumbwa nemasero emeristematic, hapagoni kuva nekukura.
Zvechokwadi, chimiro chayo chine fibrous, uye kwete matanda. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hunde yaro haisi trunk yechokwadi, sezvo ivowo vasingagadziri zvindori zvekukura, asi izvi zvinozivikanwa nezita rekuti stipe. Kana isu tichida kubereka muchindwe sexually, isu tichafanirwa kupatsanura iwo anoyamwa - kana ikavakura - nemidzi.
Vanokura muhurefu, kwete muhupamhi
Mufananidzo - Wikimedia / Sango & Kim Starr
Miti yemichindwe, semamwe miriwo, inogona chete kureba. Izvi vanoita izvi nekuda kweiyo terminal meristem yakachengetedzwa mune terminal bud. Naizvozvo, chatinogona kupesanisa nemakwati estipe imashizha emashizha anga achioma.
Uye kwete izvozvo chete, apo, semuenzaniso, vanochengetwa muhari duku kwenguva refu uye mushure memakore mashomanana vanodyarwa muvhu, sezvavanokura, zvichaonekwa kuti tsinde kana trunk yenhema ine chiratidzo chekuderera. pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira.
Miti yemichindwe haina kudonha
Pamarudzi anopfuura zviuru zvitatu emichindwe akarondedzerwa, hapana kana rimwe chete rinosvava mashizha (zvichida, kwete nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze). Kufanana nezvirimwa zvese, vanorasikirwa nazvo sezvo iwo mashizha anokwegura uye akaoma, asi hapana chimwezve. Ma protagonists edu anogara achifanira kuve neashoma nhamba yemashizha mukati megore kuti akure nekuita photosynthesis.
Kunyange muchiitiko chemoto kana kurwiswa kwezvipembenene, uye chero bedzi apex (kana kukura kwegwara) isati yakuvadzwa, zvitsva zvichakurumidza kumera.
Mashizha acho ndeemhando nhatu
Mashizha emuti anogona kuva akawanda marudzi: lanceolate, obovate, elliptical, paripinnate, bipinnate,... Asi iyo yemichindwe ine matatu chete: pinnate, costapalmate uye palmate.
- pinnate mashizha: ivo vanoumbwa nepinnae kana mashizha anomera perpendicularly pa rachis, iyo ndiyo tsinde inoibatanidza nayo kune trunk yenhema. Mienzaniso: Phoenix, Roystonea, Cyrtostachys, Butia, Syagrus.
- mashizha emichindwe: ndidzo dzine shamhu dzakafanana nedzemuWashingtonia.
- Costapalmate mashizha: dzakatenderedzwa kana kuti oval muchimiro, dzakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakawanda zvinowanzo "kurembera", sezvinoitwa nemhando yeSabal.
Maruva emichindwe akaiswa mu inflorescences nguva dzose
Isu tose takaona miti yemaruva pane imwe nguva: mazhinji acho anoshamisira, ane zvikamu zvawo zvakasiyaniswa. Asi iyo yemichindwe yakasiyana: vanogara vachionekwa vakaungana mu inflorescences, uye dzimwe nguva bazi iri. Maruva maduku maduku zvikuru, imwe centimita muhupamhi kana kuti pasi, uye anowanzoreruka muvara (yellow, cream; kashoma pink kana tsvuku).
Kwete izvozvo chete: kune mamwe marudzi anongotumbuka kamwe chete muhupenyu hwawo, se Hyphaene thebaica kana the Tahini spectabilis. Izvi zvinomera monocarpic. Uye kwete, hapana muti uripo.
Midzi yaro ndeye adventitious
Midzi yeAdventitious ndiyo inomera kubva panzvimbo imwe chete, uye yose ine zvakawanda kana zvishoma kureba kwakafanana.. Kana vari vaya vane michindwe, vanotanga seizvi, asi vozoita mamwe anogona kunge ari mudenga. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kuabudisa kuti avandudze kusungirira pasi, zvichida nokuti ari munzvimbo inovhuvhuta zvakasimba, kana kuti nokuti anomera pedyo nehova dzemvura.
Dzinosvika pakadzika zvakadii? Zvinoenderana nemhando uye kwaunogara, asi vanogona kuyera kusvika mamita gumi nemashanu kana pasi pakapfava uye mufananidzo wacho uri mukuru. Asi zvakasiyana nezvazvingaita, havana simba rokupwanya migwagwa. Ichi chimwe chinhu chinogona kusimbiswa nekutarisa muchindwe wakakura paasphalt: kana uchinge wapera nzvimbo, kukura kwayo kunomira, uye kana iine mukana wemahara kune rumwe rutivi, inokura yakananga kune iro divi.
Chimwe chekupedzisira chokwadi: michindwe yakaonekwa gare gare kupfuura miti
Kunyange zvazvo isiri mutsauko wenyama, zvinonakidza kuziva kuti michindwe yakawanda "yemazuva ano" zvirimwa. Saizvozvo, yakaonekwa makore 140 miriyoni apfuura; Pane kudaro, zvinozivikanwa kuti madzitateguru emu Ginkgo biloba, unova mumwe wemiti yechinyakare, wakanga watovako makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 300 apfuura.
Kana rudzi “rutsva” rwabuda, zvakajairika kuti mhando itsva dzakafanana dzinotanga kubuda nokukurumidza pashure., sezvavanotonga dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda, uye pasina anopfuura zana remamiriyoni emakore gare gare. Mamiriro ekunze nenyika zvinoshanduka, zvishoma kana zvishoma, zvishoma kana kukurumidza, asi zvinoshanduka. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, zvirimwa zvinofanirwa kuchinjika nekukurumidza sezvinobvira kana zvichida kurarama.
Uye nokuda kwezvose izvi, michindwe haigoni kuonekwa semiti.