Shea kana Vitellaria Paradoxus Ndiwo muti une mavambo eAfrica unobereka muchero unokosheswa zvakanyanya nema cosmetic, mishonga uye maindasitiri ezvekudya.. Zvakare zvinomira pachena sechinhu chakakosha pazvinhu zvechinyakare chikafu uye ndechekuti muchero wemuti uyu une mukati memuti wakazivikanwa nevagari venzvimbo iyi seKarité, uye chikamu chemhuka dzinoera dzesavana yeAfrica.
Kune zvimwe zvirimwa zvinokosheswa zvakanyanya nenguva iyo zvisikwa zvinotora kuburitsa michero yayo. Iyo shea muti uri pakati peiyi mienzaniso, iyo pamwe chete nemuorivhi inogona kurarama zvine zvibereko kwemazana emakore, uye sezvo ivo vachigara-kwenguva refu, vanotora nguva kupa goho ravo rekutanga.
Kutanga
Muti weKarité unowanikwa muAfrica savannah, kunyanya kubva kuBurkina Faso, Mali, Sudan neIvory Coast. Iri zita chairo rine chirevo mumutauro wemuno izvo zvinoreva: bota muti. Marudzi ematunhu anoutora semuti unoyera saka muchero unogona kungonongwa kana watodonha pasi, ichi chiriwo a zvizere chishongo muti.
Vitellaria Paradoxus Iri izita resainzi uye rinogona kusvika kusvika gumi nemashanu pakureba. Ndezvemhuri yeSapotaceae, ichizvarwa mudunhu repakati penyika yeAfrica. Iyo pulp inovhara mbeu inonaka ine hutano hwakanyanya uye yakapfuma mumafuta akakosha.
Shea hunhu
Shea muti une hurefu hwekusvika kumazana matatu emakore, kupi hunde inogona kusvika pamamita maviri uye muti pachawo, dzinopfuura gumi dzakakwirira.
Inotanga kubereka michero mushure memakore gumi nemashanu uye pamakumi maviri inopa goho rakanakisa, ichienderera kusvika makore makumi mashanu nezana rimwe ekuberekwa. Chibereko madhiri ane nyama yakawanda anokura pakati pemwedzi mina nemitanhatu, pamusoro pezvo, iwo ane pakati padzo mbeu yemarmond yakanaka.
Iwo matavi emuti ipfupi uye ane mutsvuku-grey bark mukati, maruva anogona kuoneka kubva muna Ndira kusvika Kurume. Iyo goho rakanakisa remuchero iri angangoita makumi maviri makirogiramu, ayo akaenzana ne20 kg yemadnuts. iyo pakupedzisira inoguma nekirogiramu yebhotela. Muti wakagara uchikura musango uye kukohwa uye kuunganidza haisi basa rakareruka, saka chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chakakosheswa uye chakakosheswa.
Kurima nekutarisira
Kurimwa kweShea haizi nyaya yakapusa, kunyanya nekuti inoda mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza uye zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti ikure uye ibereke michero. Zvisinei, Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kudomwa kuti mhando yemuti uyu ibudirire.
Muti unozvarwa munzvimbo dzakadzika uye dzakaoma pakati pemamita mazana matanhatu nemazana nemashanu kubva pamusoro pegungwa. Iyo tembiricha renji iyo yainogona kutsungirira kubva pa600 ° C kusvika 1500 ° C, asi yakanaka iri pakati pe18 ne 48 ° C. Izvo zvakare haina hushamwari kune yakawanda mvura inonaya, Kubvumidza yakakwira 1,800mm, yakanaka ivhu nyoro.
Inogona kuve yakanangana nezuva uye isingashiviriri semi-mumvuri. Ivhu rinofanira kunge riine ivhu, jecha, iine pH renji iri pakati pe6 ne7 uye yakafuma muzvinhu zvakasikwa. Chirimwa chinogona kuverengerwa munzira mbiri huru: iyo Zvinopesana uye Nilotica.
Wekutanga anozvarwa pakuderera kwakadzika kusapfuura 600 m. Yechipiri inokura pane ivhu rakakwira zvishoma kupfuura mazana mana - 450 metres. Varimi vemuno vanodzivirira kwazvo muti, kwete chete nekuti inoonekwa seinoyera, asiwo nekuda kwenzvimbo yakakosha yezvinhu zvinovaka muviri iyo inomiririra, kunyanya muSudan, uko makumi mana muzana emiti iri Karite.
Muti unoburitsa taproot inosvika kune imwe uye dzimwe nguva nemamita maviri pakureba, nemidzi isina kudzika yakatetepa iyo yakadzika kusvika pakadzika kwe10 cm uye inosvika kusvika pamamita makumi maviri kubva mumuti. Yechipiri lateral midzi inokura pasi, ingangoita kudzika kumwe chetepombi.
Yechipiri midzi midzi inokura zvine simba mukati memakore ekutanga ekukura. Izvi zvinobvumira mbesa kuburitsa nhungirwa nyowani kana yekutanga ikakuvadzwa nekusanaya kwemvura. Yekutanga hunde kukura inononokaBazi rinowanzoitika mushure memakore mana kusvika manomwe.
Muti unotanga kutumbuka mumakore gumi ekutanga uye wotanga kubereka michero yawo yekutanga pakati pemakore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu. Maruva ekutanga anogona kunge asina kuchena. Kukura kunosvika pairi pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemashanu, nehupenyu hwayo hunobatsira pakati pemakore mazana maviri nemazana matatu. Kuwa kwemashizha, kutumbuka, kutsvuka uye kutanga kwemichero kunoitika panguva yakaoma.
Mashizha anowanzodonha pakutanga kwawo. Miti haiwanzo kushaya mashizha zvachose kana kungoita kwenguva pfupi. Maruva anoonekwa nekukurumidza mwaka wekuoma pawatanga, uchibereka dzinosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana yemichero. Chibereko chinokura pakati pemwedzi mina nemitanhatu, ichisvika pakakwirira kusvika pakati pegore remvura. Huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemiti hwakasiyana. Mune sampuro yakatorwa muBurkina Faso, zvakanyanya 25% yemiti yakaburitsa 60% yegoho, nepo 30% yemiti yakashata yakaburitsa michero mishoma.
Muti mune yakanakisa mamiriro unogona kutakura avhareji ye15 kusvika makumi matatu kg yemichero pagore. Mugore rakanaka inogona kukwira kusvika ku30kg, asi ingangoita 50kg mumakore maviri anotevera. Kunyangwe iyo yakajeka yekugadzira kutenderera isina kuratidzwa, kuongororwa kunoratidza maitiro ekuti miti ingopa goho rakanaka makore ese matatu kana mana.
Aya marudzi anonyatso kushivirira moto, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva kukura kwayo uye michero zvichikanganiswa nechinhu ichi. Naizvozvo, miti yacho inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nekusora mhete. Muti inzvimbo yekugara yezinga reuchi, uchiita kuti uve sosi yakakosha yeuchi uye mikoko yakaiswa pamatavi awo inovimbiswa huwandu hwakanaka hwekita uye mukume.
Properties uye zvinoshandiswa
El Shea mafuta kana bota Inowanikwa mushure mekuvira uye kupwanya maarumondi mukati memuchero, ichi chiri chikafu chinodyiwa zvachose uye chine hutano, mukuwedzera, inowanzo shandiswa mukicheni chikafu. Iyo zvakare ine yakakosha kushandiswa mu chokoreti indasitiri seinotsiva cocoa ruomba.
Misanganiswa mikuru yeShea ndeye palmitic acid (2-6%), stearic acid (15-25%), oleic acid (60-70%), linolenic acid (5-15%), linoleic acid (<1%). Mafuta aya anozivikanwa, pamusoro pezvose, nekuda kwayo kwekunyorovesa zvinhu, ndosaka ichishandiswa mukuumbwa kweakawanda gadziriro muindasitiri yezvizoro.
Iyo inoshandiswa zvakare seyokuchengetedza uye yekunyorovera skrini yeganda nemvere, kudzivirira kuunyana, kutambanudza mamaki uye kukurudzira ganda. Inogona kushandiswa kune ese marudzi ekurapa anovavarira kugadzirisa ganda.
Kukura kweShea nekukohwa kunoshandisa vanopfuura mazana mazana matatu evakadzi gore rega muAfrica. Chigadzirwa chinonyatso chengetwa ne 100% artisan maitiro, uko mhodzi dzinopatsanurwa nekugezwa, kupwanywa, kukangwa uye kugayiwa kuti uwane bhuruu rakatsvukuruka rinorohwa kusvikira bota rawanikwa.
Izvo zvinobva zvabvisa zvakasviba nekubika uye kusefa kanoverengeka. Kilo yega yega yemichero unowana 400 gr. yembeu. Huwandu hweruva rinogona kugadziriswa zvirokwazvo chipo chechisikigo iyo isina kuchinjwa kwezvizvarwa.