Phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto eziphilayo sifumana ukwazi ngakumbi kunabanye kunye neempawu ezithile. Namhlanje siza kuthetha Ihlathi lenkungu. Ikwaziwa kananjalo ngegama lamahlathi amafu kwaye luhlobo lwamahlathi afumileyo ahlala emi kwiintaba ezikweleenjiko okanye ezikweleenjiko. Kubonakala ikakhulu kukuxinana okukhulu kwenkungu phezu komhlaba.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, izilwanyana, izilwanyana kunye nezinto ezibonisa umdla kwihlathi lamafu.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ihlathi lamafu luhlobo lwamahlathi asezintabeni afumileyo nakweleenjiko. Olona phawu lwalo lubalulekileyo kukuba nenkungu enkulu ebusweni nasemphakathini womthi. Yonke imithi eyenza ihlathi lamafu ihlala iqokelelwe ngaphakathi kwendalo efana ne yi-pluvisilva okanye ihlathi lemvula.
Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngamahlathi amafu ashushu kwaye aneendawo zokuhlala ezahlukileyo ezifumaneka kwiindawo eziphakathi kweentaba. Phakathi kwezona mpawu ziphambili zezi ndawo zinemilinganiselo ephezulu yemvula, ukufuma, inkungu, inkungu kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu unyaka wonke. Umahluko phakathi kwezi zinto zemozulu kunye nemozulu zivelisa inani elinenkungu kakhulu elenza indalo ukuba intle ngendlela emangalisayo.
Ingxaki ngobu buhle kukuba zisengozini kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo kuba zenziwe ngumaleko oxineneyo wemithi. Imithi eyenziwe ngayo inemozulu eshushu kunye neetropiki. Apha sifumana ubukhulu bommandla wetropiki ngaphezulu kwezinye. Sibona ukuba kolu hlobo lwendalo izityalo ezininzi kakhulu ziiorchid neefern. Ezi zityalo zilungelelaniswe neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezikhoyo. Zizityalo ezifuna imvula ephezulu unyaka wonke zidibene namaqondo aphezulu obushushu.
Kuba la mahlathi akhula kwiindawo ezinamanzi omphunga okanye umbethe kwinqanaba leentyatyambo, iqondo lokuvezwa lilanga liyehla. Oku kwenza ukuba umphunga wamanzi ube zizityalo ungaphantsi kakhulu.
Iintyatyambo zamahlathi
Siza kuthetha ngotyani obukhula kwezi ntlobo zamahlathi. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ziyalungelelaniswa nale miqathango yeqondo lobushushu kunye nemvula. Ngesi sizathu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba imithi ekhula kula mahlathi ibe neengcambu ezingekho nzulu. Kuba isixa semitha yelanga esiwela ngaphezulu emhlabeni, sifuna iingcambu kufutshane nomphezulu. Sifumene kwakhona Iingcambu zimfutshane kodwa zinzima kunemithi ekhula kwiindawo okanye ezantsi kunye nokufuma okungaphantsi.
Sithetha ngendawo ethanda ukukhula kwezityalo ze-epiphytic ze-vascular. Into yokuba ezi zityalo zifuna ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nezixa ezikhulu zemvula yenza le ecosystem ibe yenye yezona zisemngciphekweni kutshintsho lwemozulu. Njengoko sisazi, utshintsho lwemozulu aluyi kuba kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa nakwinqanaba lengingqi. Yonke imimandla enehlathi elinamafu isengozini kolu tshintsho. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi nokugawulwa kwemithi ngaphandle kolawulo kuyo kuba yenye yeempembelelo ezimbi zale mithi. Zonke iindawo apho amahlathi amafu afunyenwe engenalo ixesha lonyaka elomileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kubonisa ukuba isixa semvula sinokuhla kwinxalenye ethile yonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, nangona amanqanaba emvula ehla kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, bahlala befumana inqanaba eliphezulu lokufuma.
Ukubaluleka kwehlathi lamafu
La mahlathi awanomdla nje ngakumbi kuba akhula phantsi kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu kwiplanethi. Kwaye la mahlathi anemihlaba etyebe kakhulu kwizakhamzimba kwaye, ke ngoko, nakwindalo eyahlukeneyo. Kule mihlaba sifumana iyantlukwano enkulu yobulembu kunye neferns leyo zihlala zingumgxobhozo kwindalo kunye ne-peat kunye ne-humus. Siyazi ukuba lo mhlaba ucebile ngezondlo kwaye uyakwazi ukuxhasa uhlaza olwahluke kakhulu.
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ezona zityalo zininzi kwezi ndawo ziintyatyambo zohlobo lwe-orchid. Amafu asondele Ukuxinana kwemithi zezo kunegalelo kwinkungu nakwinkungu ngokuqhubekayo. Ukufuma nemvula ziyajiya emaqabungeni ze ziwele emhlabeni ngohlobo lwamathontsi amancinci amanzi. Ngesi sizathu, la mahlathi ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba ngamahlathi mossy, amahlathi mesophilic okanye amahlathi omdaka. Enye yehlathi elidumileyo le-laurel emhlabeni liseTenerife kwinxalenye esemantla. Apho unokufumana inani elikhulu lemithi, ubulembu kunye neefern unyaka wonke ngegalelo elikhulu lokufuma kunye nemvula. Abanye abakhenkethi bazibiza ezi ndawo njengehlathi elinomtsalane kuba kubonakala ngathi zivela ebalini.
Phakathi kokubaluleka kwehlathi lamafu kwiplanethi esiyifumanayo iyantlukwano ephezulu yendalo kunye nesixa esikhulu seendawo zokuhlala. Njengoko bekulindelwe, unikwe ukuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo apha zahlukile, sifumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Zimalunga ne-150 iintlobo zezityalo, iintlobo ezili-120 zeentaka, iindidi ezingama-40 zeorchid, iintlobo ezili-15 zezilwanyana ezanyisayo, Iindidi ezingama-50 zebhabhathane kunye nezi-5 zezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kunye neziqhamo zemveli kunye neentlobo zamayeza.
Amahlathi amafu athe saa kwihlabathi jikelele
Sifumana iindawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi apho sinokufumana khona ihlathi lamafu. Masibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ndawo ziphambili:
- UMbindi Merika: nali elona nani likhulu lamahlathi ehlabathini. Zihlala zineentaba kwindawo ephakame ngakumbi kuneemitha ezili-1000.
- Amazantsi emelika: Apha unokufumana amahlathi amafu e-Ecuador nasePeru. Iyaziwa ngegama lamahlathi amafu.
- Afrika: Amahlathi abaluleke kakhulu e-Afrika afumaneka kumazantsi eentaba nakwiintaba zeCongo Basin kumbindi weAfrika.
- Asia: Apha ungafumana amahlathi asezintabeni nakwiinduli zeminye imimandla yase China, Indonesia kunye neIndochina.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolwazi olunje ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni ihlathi lamafu kwaye kubaluleke ngantoni kwiplanethi.