Ukuthintela izifo zamazambane okanye izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo ekuonakaliseni isivuno sakho esithembisayo kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokumilisela la manyathelo othintelo.
Izinto ezisisiseko njengokujikeleza kwezityalo, usebenzisa indibaniselwano yezityalo ngobulumko, ukuphelisa izilwanyana ezizitshabalalisayo, nokunye okuninzi kuya kwenza iitapile zakho zikhule ngaphandle kwengxaki. Unokukhetha iintlobo ezinganyangekiyo kwizifo ezithile kwaye ukhethe ubume obumanzi nobungena umoya.
Iimbumba zeetapile
Umngundo sisifo seetapile esibambekayo. I-spores i-hibernate kwiintsholongwane ezisulelekileyo kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezishushu, ezinomswakama (I-10 degrees min kunye ne-75% yokufuma).
Oku kunokuba nemiphumo emibi ngokutshabalalisa izityalo zonke. Isifo singazitshabalalisa izityalo, njengokuba kwaba njalo eIreland ngowe-1840, nto leyo eyabangela indlala enkulu ngelo xesha.
Iimpawu
Inkangeleko ye amabala amnyama kwiingcebiso zamagqabi kunye neziqu, ukungunda okumhlophe ngaphantsi kwamagqabi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezosulelweyo zikhula zibe namabala angwevu okanye amnyama ajika abe bomvu-bomdaka ngenkangeleko yesikhumba njengoko zibola.
Unyango lothintelo
Unyango olusekwe kwi Umxube we-nettle kunye nehashe ukukhusela ngexesha lomngcipheko.
Unyango lokunyanga
Akukho nanye. Susa izityalo ezigulayo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uphathe zonke ezinye izityalo ngomxube wehashe (okanye ivy) kunye nesoda yokuthintela isifo.
i-rhizoctonia
Le fungus sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokutyiwa kweetapile. Umonakalo ubonakaliswa ngu ukunqongophala kokuvela, ukulibaziseka kwesifo sephephaUkwehla kwesivuno nokuhla kwexabiso lesityalo xa kukho ubukho be-sclerotia (umaleko ongaphandle onombala) kwizilimo eziyizigaxa.
Iimpawu
Amagqabi arhabaxa kunye neziqu ze-necrotic zinokuvelisa izilimo eziyizigaxa zomoya. Kwiindawo ezinemozulu efumileyo, isheath emhlophe inokwenza isiseko se-necrotic. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinamaqela amnyama amnyama okanye amnyama kumphezulu wawo emile ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
Unyango lothintelo
Phambi kokutyala, jonga iintsholongwane ukuze ubone iipustule ezimnyama ezincinci okanye amabala amnyama amnyama. Unyango lweNettle kunye nehashe ukukhusela ngexesha lomngcipheko.
Unyango lokunyanga
Akukho nanye. Susa izityalo ezigulayo ngokukhawuleza.
Amabala amnyama
Esi sifo sichaphazela amalungu omhlaba esityalo kunye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Esi sifo sikhona kuyo yonke imimandla evelisa iitapile kwaye ikhula ngakumbi kwiindawo ezishushu, ezinamaqondo obushushu apheleleyo okuphucula ukungunda phakathi kwama-28 nama-30ºC.
Iimpawu
Ukufa kwangoko kwamagqabi ngelixa iziqu zihlala ziluhlaza. Inkangeleko yeziqu kunye neetyhubhu ze I-blackheads ehambelana ne-sclerotia yefungi.
Unyango lothintelo
Phambi kokutyala, Jonga ukuba iintsholongwane aziphatheli pustules zincinci zimnyama okanye amabala amdaka mnyama. Tyala iintlobo zakuqala kwaye usebenzise i-nettle kunye ne-horsetail unyango ukukhusela ngexesha lobungozi.
Unyango olunyangayo
Akukho nanye. Susa izityalo ezigulayo ngokukhawuleza.
Intshulube yocingo
Le mibungu ilala emhlabeni. ivela entwasahlobo kwaye indiza kancinci, ebusuku kuphela, kodwa uhamba ngokukhawuleza. Indoda iyafa kwakamsinya emva kokudibana kunye nemazi ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
Amaqanda afakwa kubunzulu be-20 ukuya kuma-60 mm.
Iimpawu
I-wireworm imibungu etonela ngaphakathi kweetapile.
Unyango lothintelo
Nciphisa inani lezinto eziphilayo kwaye usebenzise umgquba olungileyo.
Ingcongconi
Umbungu wamazambane ubonakala kakhulu kwimimandla eshushu, ngakumbi kumda weMeditera. Le moth encinci ingwevu, eyi-10-15 mm ububanzi, ibeka amaqanda ayo kwisiqu, amahlumelo, izilimo eziyizigaxa, okanye emhlabeni.
Iimpawu
Imingxunya emashidini kunye nezingwevu zivakala ngaphezulu. Iimopane zimba iigalari ezingekho nzulu kwizilimo eziyizigaxa, bazifaka ngentambo yesilika, bephosa ilindle elimnyama ngaphandle.
Unyango lothintelo
Misela imigibe yepheromone ehlengahlengisiweyo.
I-potato beetle okanye i-dorífora
I-Colorado potato beetle yiyona nkathazo ephambili yale tuber. Yibhungane emhlophe enemigca emnyama emide. Imibungu (inqanaba elingekavuthwa) ityebile, iorenji okanye tyheli.
Abantu abadala bayazifihla emhlabeni kwaye bavele entwasahlobo, xa umhlaba ushushu ngokwaneleyo ukuba uzalise umphambili wamagqabi, apho imibungu iyavela ize iphele itya amagqabi.
Iimpawu
Amagqabi neziqu ziyatyiwa.
Unyango lothintelo
Tyala iflakisi, itansy, iimbotyi zekastor, okanye iimarigolds ukukhusela iitapile.
Unyango lokunyanga
Sebenzisa isibulali zinambuzane esifanelekileyo, njengesepha emnyama enomxube wegalikhi kuyo.