Kwindalo kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamahlathi. Enye yazo lihlathi leMeditera. I izityalo zamahlathi eMedithera baneentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziphezulu, yiyo loo nto befanelwe ngamanyathelo okhuseleko olulodwa. Ezi nkqubo zendalo zinobudlelwane obubalulekileyo kunye nezinye iibiotopes ezifana neendawo zedehesas.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izityalo eziphambili zehlathi laseMeditera kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zolu hlobo lwehlathi.
Yintoni ihlathi leMeditera?
Ihlathi leMeditera yenye yeentlobo zehlathi ezikhoyo, ezibonakala kakhulu kwimimandla enemozulu epholileyo yeMeditera, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, Umahluko omkhulu wamaxesha onyaka kunye nemvula eninzi entlakohlaza nasebusika (unyaka wonke uphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ke yimozulu eyomileyo). Eli hlathi liphawulwe kakhulu kwindawo yeMeditera, nangona likhona nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, njengeCalifornia okanye eChile.
Amahlathi akwiMeditera angamahlathi anamagqabi avuthulukayo (oko kukuthi, kukho izityalo ezinamagqabi aluhlaza), ebonisa isityalo inani elikhulu leentlobo ze-clover, okanye iintlobo ezinamagqabi afileyo ebusika kodwa isaqhotyoshelwe esiqwini ixesha elithile. Olu hlobo lwezityalo lusebenzisa amanzi akhoyo kwaye luxhasa ezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Iimpawu zezityalo zehlathi leMeditera
Emva koko, siza kubona iimpawu eziphambili zamahlathi aseMeditera. Amahlathi akwiMeditera aye aqhelana nembalela ehlala ixesha elide enemvula ngamaxesha athile. Ngoko ke, izityalo zingumqwebedu, oko kukuthi, ziqhelana nokungabikho kwamanzi. Kolu lungelelaniso, iziqu kunye namagqabi ahlala ekhanyiselwe kakhulu kunye nommandla omncinci, ngaloo ndlela ukuphepha ukulahleka kwamanzi okungeyomfuneko.
Ezinye izityalo zi-thermophilic, oko kukuthi, baqhelana nemililo kuba ixhaphakile kwezi ndawo. Ngokomzekelo, i-oki ye-oki inexolo elishinyeneyo elikhusela ngaphakathi kwisiqu, ngoxa i-rockrose isetyenziselwa ukugquma imbewu yayo kwisikhongozelo esiqhushumba kubushushu obuphezulu ukuze incede isasazeke.
Zii-ikhosistim ezinemveliso ephantsi ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, zihlala kwinani elikhulu leentlobo zezilwanyana: izilwanyana ezidliwayo ezifana ne-voles, imivundla, i-roe deer kunye neehagu zasendle zininzi, eziye zibe sisiseko senani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezidliwayo ezifana ne-raptors. Imisebenzi yemini nobusuku, ngokunjalo izilwanyana ezanyisayo eziphakathi nezinkulu ezifana neempungutye neengcuka.
Ihlala ngokusondeleyo nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ezinjengamadlelo, apho sinokufumana iindidi eziqhelekileyo zamahlathi eMeditera. singqongwe ziintlobo zezityalo eziluhlaza, okanye indalo esecaleni komlambo eyenza iipaseji ecaleni kwendlela yamanzi. Zibonakala ngomhlaba obhityileyo ngokufanelekileyo, apho sinokufumana iibhedi ezinamatye ezinobunzulu obuncinci. Ngoko ke, basengozini enkulu yokuba yintlango, kuba xa kungekho zityalo, imvula enkulu egxininiswe ngexesha elifutshane inokuhlamba umhlaba omninzi. Ngenxa yemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu, zizinto eziphilayo ezicandeke kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukutshintshiselana ngemfuza kweentlobo kube nzima.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zehlathi leMeditera
Kufuneka sahlule phakathi kweentlobo zemithi ezenza i-canopy yehlathi (okanye inxalenye ephezulu), kunye ne-shrub kunye neentlobo ze-herbaceous ezenza i-understory (okanye inxalenye engezantsi).
Ngokuphathelele imithi yehlathi leMeditera, sifumana:
- IQuercus: Kolu didi sifumana i-holm oak (iQuercus ilex), isikhokho se-oki (iQuercus suber) okanye i-oki (Quercus robur). Um-oki uvelisa i-acorn eyaziwayo.
- I-Pinus: Kweli candelo sinokufumana zonke iindidi zepayina, ezifana nePinus pinea okanye iBlack pine (Pinus nigra) okanye iScots pine (Pinus silvestris). Zibonakaliswa ngokuba namagqabi amile njengenaliti kunye nokulahleka okuncinci kwamanzi. Zii-gymnosperms.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiindidi zezihlahla kunye nezityalo ezikhula ngokutya, sifumana ezinye izityalo ezinkulu, ezifana neCistus kunye neRetama, okanye izihlahla zeJuniperus (uluntu lweJuniperus, iJuniperus oxycedrus ...), njengezihlahla ezincinci, ezifana ne-thyme (Thymus), rosemary ( Rosmarinus ), i-lavender (i-Lavandula), i-thistle (i-Onopordum) ... Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka, sinokufumana kwakhona i-fennel, i-hemlock, i-poppy ... Ngamafutshane, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo.
Ezinye iintlobo ezinomdla
Ecaleni kwehlathi leMeditera sinokufumana izityalo ezinomdla kakhulu. Siza kudwelisa kwaye sichaze ezinye zazo.
IMallow
Ziluhlobo olukhethekileyo lwezityalo, siyayazi loo nto kukho malunga nama-350 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kumahlathi eMeditera kukho malunga nama-30. Zonke zineempawu ezifanayo kwaye zifanelekile kubantu: ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, amaqabunga awo athambileyo asetyenziswe njengemifuno eluhlaza, kodwa kwiintlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, zifuna ukupheka okulula kuba zinzima. Ngentlakohlaza, ukuba umhlaba ulungile, zichongwa ngeentyatyambo ezithambileyo ukuya kobumfusa obunzulu kunye namagqabi ewebhu akhumbuza iinyawo zamadada. Sakuba sichongiwe ngokuchanekileyo, sinokuyichola siyitye ngaphandle koloyiko, kwiisaladi, kwimifuno eyojiweyo okanye amaqanda aqhotsiweyo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba amagqabi arhabaxa asetyenziselwa ukupheka kwaye amagqabi athambileyo asetyenziselwa ukutya okukrwada.
Ingqolowa yasendle
Inemfuza entsonkothileyo kwaye inomdla, kodwa zonke iintlobo ezinxulumene nazo zinesondlo kunye namayeza. Kwimeko ethile yengqolowa yethu yasendle, ukuba sitshisa i<em>aril (ezo nwele ziphuma kwinkozo nganye) size sisuse ikhoba embewini ngokubhula, inokutyiwa. Sinokuzondla ngazo. Esinye isicelo esinomdla kakhulu ngamanzi engqolowa okanye i-soda yengqolowa, ene-diuretic kakhulu kwaye ihlaziya. Indlela ilula: thatha inqwaba yezikhonkwane kwaye uzibethe ngeentonga ezimbini ukuze uthambe kwaye uthanda ukuhamba kolwelo kunye neswekile, emva koko sibeka le nqwaba yeediliya emanzini okusela kwaye sivumele ukuba siphumle kwiqondo lokushisa kweeyure ezingama-24.
I-oatmeal ephambeneyo
Esi sityalo esimangalisayo esibuya rhoqo ngonyaka, sibona ukuba intaba ijika ibe tyheli ekupheleni kwehlobo, kwaye igobolondo layo kunye nembewu zifihla iimfihlo ezininzi, kunye nencasa yetshokolethi emnandi. Iipod ezomileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iziselo ezishushu kunye neempawu zokugaya; Kananjalo, ukuba sosa imbewu eza kuvuthwa; singenza umgangatho ophezulu womgubo okanye i-gofio njengokutya. Sinokuyibona ngokulula ngameva ayo abukhali emoyeni, ewa kubunzima bembewu, esenza isandi esibalaseleyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezityalo zehlathi laseMeditera kunye neempawu zazo.