Umfanekiso -Flickr / testurakametsola
Yintoni le isigcina siphila? Uninzi luya kuthi yi-oksijini, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo banokuba nenxalenye enkulu yesizathu, kuba akunakwenzeka ukubakho ukuba asikwazi ukuphefumla loo gesi. Kodwa inyani kukuba impendulo echanekileyo kufuneka ifunyanwe ngaphakathi kwethu, kuba i-O2 ayinakusinceda kuthi ukuba asikwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo.
Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zineempawu ezahlukileyo, kodwa sonke sinezigidi kunye neeseli, ezisebenza ngokungapheliyo ukugcina imizimba yethu isebenza ngenxa yeoksijini esiyifumana ngaphandle kwaye inokuthi ichonge, ifunxe kwaye isebenzise ubukho bethu. ingalula. Kodwa, Yahluke njani iseli yezilwanyana kwiseli yesityalo?
Yintoni iseli?
Ukuze uyiqonde ngcono le nto siza kukucacisela yona, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni iseli. Ngaba Liyunithi yokwakheka komzimba emise ilungu ngalinye lomzimba wethu, kwaye ikwasigcina siphila.. Kwaye iyakwenza oko nangona incinci kakhulu. Ngapha koko, ukuze ukwazi ukuyibona udinga imakroskopu.
Ezo zinto ziphilayo zenziwe ngeseli enye zaziwa njenge-unicellular, kwaye ezo zenziwe ngaphezulu, njengee-multicellular. Kwakhona, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zazo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeeseli:
- Iseli yeprokaryotic: yeyona ilula, kuba ayinayo i-nucleus echaziweyo kunye ne-DNA ekwimbrane. Umzekelo, iibacteria zinoluhlobo lweseli.
- Iseli ye-eukaryotic: yenye ye-nucleus esongelwe kwilungu, ekhusela i-DNA, njengoko isenzeka kwizityalo, izilwanyana kunye nefungi.
Yintoni iDNA?
I-DNA yicicic acid eyenziwe ngamacu amabini ajika abeyimigangatho emibini. Le asidi ibalulekile ukuze umzimba ukhule njengesityalo okanye njengesilwanyana umzekelo, kuba lelona linolwazi lwemfuzo lomntu lowo, bazuzwe njengelifa ngabazali babo.
Yintoni iseli lezilwanyana?
Iseli lesilwanyana lelona linazo zonke izilwanyana, njengoko igama lisitsho. Ukongeza, sinezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, kwaye kwimeko yabantu, sinokuba namakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zazo.
Umsebenzi wawo osisiseko kukubamba izakhamzimba ezifunyanwa silwanyana ngaphandle, ukuziguqula zibe zizinto eziza kuthi kamva zisetyenziselwe ukuvelisa amandla nokuphelisa inkunkuma eveliswayo.
Iinxalenye zeseli yezilwanyana
Ngokuqinisekileyo, amalungu eeseli zezilwanyana zezi:
- Core: liziko lolawulo, apho iiodolo zikhutshwa khona ngenxa yokuba iseli liya kuba nakho ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
- Inwebu yeselula: lulwelwesi olukhusela iseli evela ngaphandle nalapho kutshintshiswana ngayo.
- ICytoskeleton: yiyo enika imilo yeseli, ke ngoko kubalulekile ukuba ukwahlulwa kwayo kwenzeke.
- CytoplasmNgaphakathi sifumana yonke into yeseli, ngaphandle kwenucleus. Yinto apho uninzi lomsebenzi weselfowuni uqhubeka khona.
Yintoni iseli yesityalo?
Isityalo sesityalo sesinye esinezityalo kunye ne-algae. Njengeseli yesilwanyana, ikwanayo nenucleus echazwe kakuhle ejongene nokugcina izinto zemvelo okanye i-DNA ikhuselekile. Kodwa yena, ngokungafaniyo nesezilwanyana, uzenzela ukutya.
Ngesi sizathu, imithi, iintende, iintyatyambo, ... ngokufutshane, zonke iintlobo zezityalo ezihlala eMhlabeni ziyakwazi ukuphila, ezinye kangangamakhulu kwanamawaka eminyaka, nangona zingenako ukuhamba.
Iinxalenye zeseli yesityalo
Iindawo zayo eziphambili zezi:
- Udonga lweseliYenziwe ngeselulosi, kwaye inoxanduva lokukhusela ingaphakathi leseli.
- Inwebu: Inenxalenye enkulu yamalungu eseli, kodwa kukwakhona apho ukutshintshiselana kwezinto kungena kwaye kuphume khona.
- Chloroplast: ifunyanwa ngaphakathi kwizinwe, kwaye kulapho iishukela zenziwe khona ukuqala ukufunxwa kwekhabhon diokside, amanzi kunye nokukhanya elangeni.
- Core: kulapho kugcinwa khona izinto zemvelo, kwaye nalapho imiyalelo eya kuthi iqinisekise ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kweseli iyalelwa.
- Cytoplasm: Kuzo zonke izinto zangaphakathi, ngaphandle kwenucleus.
Uyintoni umahluko phakathi kwesilwanyana kunye neseli yezityalo?
Umfanekiso - differentiator.com
Zombini, njengoko sibonile, ziyafana. Kodwa banokwahluka okubalulekileyo; Akumangalisi ke ukuba okufanayo akufuneki xa usisiqu esiphilayo esinokuhamba (umzekelo), kunomnye ekufuneka enakho ukusebenzisa into esondeleyo kuye kuba engenakho ukuhamba.
Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo oku, xa sibathelekisa siza kubona ukuba bahluka kwizinto ezininzi:
Iinxalenye
- Kwiinkulungwane: ifunyanwa kuphela kwiiseli zezilwanyana. Umsebenzi wawo kukuvelisa kunye nokuququzelela iifilamenti (i-flagella kunye ne-cilia) eziyimfuneko ngexesha lokwahlulwa kweseli.
- Vacuole: zombini zinenye, kodwa iiseli zezilwanyana zincinci kakhulu. Kwimeko yezityalo, i-vacuole yeyona nto inoxanduva lokukhula, kungoko kugcinwa izakha mzimba kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma.
- Iikloploplast: baneeseli zezityalo kuphela. Zizo ezo eziguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla emichiza, into eyenzeka ngephotosynthesis.
- Udonga lweseli: ineeseli zezityalo kuphela.
Imisebenzi
Ukutya
Ngokubhekisele kwimisebenzi, ngokuqinisekileyo eyona ibalulekileyo yile iseli yesityalo ivelisa ukutya kwayo. Oku kwenziwa kwii-chloroplast, ii-organelles ezijongene nefotosinthesisi. Ngenxa yale nkqubo, izilwanyana zinokuphefumla ioksijini, kuba le yirhasi eshiya ukugxothwa.
Ukuveliswa kwakhona
Omnye umahluko ophawulekayo bubuchule bezityalo bokuvelisa kwakhona. Ayizizo zonke ezikwaziyo ukuyenza loo nto, kodwa umzekelo, izityalo ezinje ngewisteria (IWisteria sinensis) okanye i-rose bushes, zinokuphindaphindwa ngokusikwa kuba iiseli zazo ziya kwahlula ngokukhawuleza, zivumela ukuphuma kunye nokukhula kweengcambu. Oku kuyakugcina imathiriyeli yemfuza ebisoloko inayo, ke iluncedo kakhulu xa ufuna ukuphinda-phinda isampuli eneempawu ezizodwa ngaphandle kokuba zilahleke.
Izilwanyana, ngokuchaseneyo, zizala kuphela ngokwesondo. Inzala iya kuba neempawu zabazali bayo, kodwa akukho meko ayinakufana nayo.
Ukwahlula iiseli
Ulwahlulo lweseli luhambelana kakhulu nokuzala; Ayothusi into yokuba into ephilayo ikhule kwaye ikhule, kubalulekile ukuba iiseli zahlule. Kodwa kwimeko yezityalo nezilwanyana, le nkqubo yahlukile kancinci.
Ukuze iseli lesilwanyana lahlule kubini, inwebu yalo ikrwitshiwe. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukwenzela ukuba iseli yesityalo ikwazi ukwahlula, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kubekho uhlobo lwe-septum, eya kuthi iphele njengenxalenye yodonga lweseli.
Ucinga ntoni ngalo mbandela? Siyathemba ukuba ufunde lukhulu ngomahluko phakathi kweeseli zezilwanyana nezityalo.