Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza uthatha ixesha elingakanani ukukhula komnquma. Umthi womnquma, njengawo nawuphi na omnye umthi, uhamba ngexesha lobutsha apho zonke izibonelelo zikhoyo zophuhliso lwezityalo zesityalo, zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa kwamasebe ane-internodes ende. Ngokuthi "ukukhawuleza" sithetha ukukhula okucothayo okulandelayo kwemithi yomnquma njengoko ifikelela ebudaleni, njengoko olu hlobo luhlala lucotha kakhulu xa luthelekiswa neminye imithi yeziqhamo efana nemithi yecherry.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umthi womnquma ukhule kwaye zeziphi izinto ezimele zithathelwe ingqalelo koku kukhula.
Iimpawu zomthi womnquma
Ingumthi oluhlaza onomqhele ongqukuva kunye ayidli ngokuba ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-10 ubude, nangona kukho ezinye iireferensi kwi-15 yeemitha; oku ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphandle. Amagqabi a-lanceolate, achaseneyo, aphelele, anolusu, angwevu-luhlaza ngaphezulu kunye nohlaza oluluthuthu ngaphantsi.
Ukudluliselwa kwepoleni kwenzeka phantse ngomoya, kwaye ukuzalanisa phakathi kweentlobo kuyacetyiswa, nangona ingeyiyo eyona ixhaphakileyo. Imithi yomnquma iyakwazi ukuzitholela ipoleni ngokwalo, oko kukuthi, iintyatyambo zinokuzisasaza ngokwazo, nangona kungenjalo.
Isiqhamo somnquma yidrupe enejusi enomxholo ophezulu weoli, ubude obuyi-1 ukuya kwi-3,5 cm, i-oval okanye i-spherical shape, eluhlaza ekuqaleni kunye nemfusa emnyama xa ivuthiwe. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ekupheleni kwekwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika, kodwa ukuba ziza kuvunwa ukuze zigcinwe, ziqokelelwa ekuqaleni ukuya phakathi kwekwindla, ngelixa ziluhlaza.
Izinto eziphembelela ukuba umthi womnquma uthabatha ixesha elingakanani ukukhula
Ekubeni imithi yomnquma isoloko ivela kwi-cuttings okanye ukusikwa, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yeengcambu kunokuba yenzayo kwimbewu. Ngoko ke, ukukhula kuya kuba kuncinci kwiinyanga zokuqala emva kokutyala, kwaye njengoko umthi uthatha iingcambu, siya kuqaphela indlela eya kuba namandla ngakumbi. Ukukhuthaza i-rooting kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba uhlale unomanzi, u-spongy kunye ne-aerated, ngaphandle kweendawo zokuxinana kufuphi nemithi yomnquma.
Kodwa ngaphaya koko, imiba ye-agroclimatic yesityalo kunye nezinye izinto zinempembelelo enkulu ekukhuleni komnquma, ziyenza ibe nkulu xa ezi zinto zikweyona ndawo iphezulu kwaye ziyancipha xa zikude.
Njengezinye izityalo, imithi yomnquma ineseti yeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula, ehlala ihambelana nokulungelelaniswa kokusingqongileyo apho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zixhomekeke kwindawo yazo okanye ukukhula, kwaye zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, asikwazi ukwenza ngathi iindidi ezilungele kangcono kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu ziya kubonakala zifana kwiindawo ezibandayo, kuba ezi azikho iimeko ezilungiselelwe zona.
Izondlo
Izondlo zomthi womnquma ngoyena thunywashe mkhulu, ukongezelela ekubeni kwindawo efanelekileyo, ufanele ufumane zonke izondlo ezifunekayo emhlabeni, yaye ezi zondlo kufuneka zilungelelane ukuze zilungelelaniswe kakuhle. akukho ukugqithisa xa kuthelekiswa nolunye, kuba inokuthintela ukufunxwa okuchanekileyo kokugqibela. Kumasimi achubekileyo, uhlalutyo lomhlaba kunye namagqabi luyenziwa ukumisela iimfuno zezondlo zezityalo. Kwelinye icala, ekhaya, zama ukugcina i-pH ephakathi komhlaba - phakathi kwe-acidic kancinane kunye ne-neutral- echumileyo, kwaye rhoqo wongeza izichumisi eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, uthuthu lomthi, umgquba oluhlaza, njl.
Amanzi
Ngaphandle kwamanzi, izondlo ezisemhlabeni azikwazi ukufunxwa ziingcambu kwaye nenkqubo yebhayoloji yesityalo ayinakwenzeka. Imbalela yinto enokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhula, ngakumbi kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi bomthi womnquma, xa iingcambu zingaphuhliswanga kakuhle kwaye kukho umlinganiselo omncinane wokuhlola umhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, umthi womnquma ngumthi okwaziyo ukumelana nembalela, ayithethi ukuba ikhula kakuhle kwiimeko zembalela, iphila nje kwaye ayibuni.
Ubushushu kunye nokukhanya
uphuhliso lwezityalo ilungile kumaqondo obushushu ashushu, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kwe-35 °C; xa ukukhula kuyeka. Xa liphola ixesha lokukhula (lidla ngokuba yintlakohlaza ukuya ekwindla), kokukhona ukukhula kuyacotha.
Ngokuphathelele ukukhanya, kwenzeka into efanayo. Umthi womnquma ukhetha imozulu yelanga, ngoko ke ukuba ikhula kwindawo enamafu kunye nobumnyama, nakwinqanaba lophuhliso (entwasahlobo nasekwindla), ayiyi kukhula ngokufanelekileyo kulo mbandela.
Izinambuzane, izifo kunye nokugcinwa komthi womnquma
Oku kuqhelekile kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuba umthi uhlaselwe sisifo esinye okanye ezininzi okanye uhlaselwe zizinambuzane, iinkqubo zawo ziya kudla izixhobo ezininzi ezizama ukulwa nesisongelo, ukongezelela, izinto eziphilayo eziwuhlaselayo zikhupha enye inxalenye enkulu yobuncwane bomthi womnquma.
Ukuba ayiphathwa kakuhle, inokuchaphazela kakubi ukukhula kwemithi ngokucothisa ukukhula kwayo.
Imiba yemfuza yokwazi ukuba umthi womnquma uthatha ixesha elingakanani ukukhula
Ekugqibeleni siza kuthetha ngeempawu zofuzo zohlobo ngalunye. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zecultivar okanye iindidi zivela phakathi kohlobo olufanayo ngokwahlulelwa kwisinyanya esinye. Olu lwahluko lwenzeka ngokwendalo ngenxa yokuqhelana nesityalo kwindawo entsha okanye ngenxa yotshintsho lwemeko yendawo esihlala kuyo, kodwa oko kuyenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, umlimi enoxanduva lokukhetha ukuba yeyiphi imithi ayiqaphelayo ukuyikhulisa. ngcono kwaye usempilweni. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, iimveliso zazo ziphezulu okanye zingcono, zifuna amanzi amancinci kunye nezondlo, njl.
Ngoko ukuba iindidi ezithile zomnquma zizimisele ukukhula kancinane, akukho nto ingako sinokuyenza ngaloo nto. Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba iindidi zomelele kakhulu, njengoko zihlala zinjalo, nangona sinokucothisa ukukhula kwayo kancinci, iya kuzama ukuyinqoba kwakhona kwaye iphuhlise uhlobo lwayo lwendalo.
Njengokuba besesitshilo, ukwazi ukuba umnquma ukhula ixesha elingakanani kunokwahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezintle ezingaphambi kwawo. Nangona kunjalo, apha siza kubonisa enye yedatha eqhelekileyo eqikelelweyo yobude.
- Kumthi womnquma oneminyaka emi-2, sinokulindela ukuba ube phakathi kwe 80cm kunye ne 1m ubude.
- Kwiminyaka emi-3, ngokubanzi, banokufikelela kwi-130 cm.
- Ngexesha befikelela kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala, kunokwenzeka ukuba babe ngaphezulu kwe-150cm ubude.
- Ukususela kulo mzuzu, eminye iminquma inokuqalisa ukudubula nokuvuthwa. Inani leziqhamo liya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe de umthi womnquma ube phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nama-50 ubudala.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba ungakhula kangakanani umnquma kunye neempawu zawo.