Zingaphi iintlobo zezityalo ezikhoyo ehlabathini?

Ehlathini kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo

Sinethamsanqa kakhulu ukuhlala kwihlabathi apho ubomi, bobabini izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, bukhona kuninzi lwehlabathi. Ezi zikumkani zimbini zihlala ngokuvisisana, zihlala zenza ubudlelwane beempawu ezinokubanceda ukuba baziqhelanise nobomi bendalo.

Kodwa, Wakha wazibuza ukuba zingaphi iintlobo zezityalo ezikhoyo? Lowo ngumbuzo onomdla kakhulu, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, okokuthi ekugqibeleni ube nempendulo, nangona singazi ukuba ichanekile na 😉.

Zingaphi iintlobo ezikhoyo ehlabathini?

Zininzi iintlobo zeentlobo zezityalo kwihlathi

Ngo-2011 iqela lezazinzulu lalifuna ukwazi ukuba zingaphi iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziye zafunyanwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, laza laphumelela. Okwangoku, kuyaziwa ukuba kukho i-8,7 yezigidi, apho i-6,5 yezigidi ingaphezulu komhlaba kunye ne-2,2 yezigidi zasemanzini. Kwelo nani lingakholelekiyo, I-7,77 yezigidi zeentlobo zezilwanyana, iintlobo zezityalo ezingama-298.000 kunye neentlobo ezingama-611.000 zefungal. Nangona kunjalo, ngoqikelelo lweengcali, malunga ne-86% yeentlobo zasemhlabeni kunye ne-91% yeentlobo zaselwandle kusafuneka zifunyenwe.

Ithetha ntoni le nto? Ewe, ngokusisiseko, yintoni kuninzi esikwaziyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobomi ezihlala kulo mhlaba mhle, inye kuphela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku esaziyo ukuba igcina ubomi. Ayothusi ke into yokuba amaxesha ngamaxesha ukufunyanwa kwesilwanyana esitsha okanye iintlobo zezityalo kubhengezwa.

Zeziphi iintlobo zezityalo ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi: imithi, iintende, amakhonkco, izihlahla, imifuno, abakhweli, iifeni, nganye ... nganye ineempawu zayo ezizenza zahluke, kodwa Zonke zinento efanayo: zenza ifotosinthesisi; Oko kukuthi, baguqula amandla elanga abe kukutya. Ngokwenza njalo, bakhupha ioksijini, ngaphandle kwayo bekungekho namnye kuthi obeya kubakho namhlanje.

Kungenxa yoko le nto siza kukubonisa imizekelo yezityalo, ukuze nawe umangaliswe yindlela uBukumkani beZityalo obungummangaliso ngayo.

Kodwa ziziphi izinto eziphambili?

Ulwelwe

I-algae ayinto yakudala

Imbali yendaleko yezityalo yaqala ngokuvela kwe-algae, kuqala ii-unicellular, ezenziwa yiseli enye, kwaye kamva kwavela ezo zinemibala emininzi. Bahlala phi? Ewe, kwixa elidlulileyo bebehlala elwandle kuphela, kodwa njengoko bekhula, iintlobo ezintsonkothileyo ziyavela, zivelisa iziqu ezikwaziyo ukwenza ifotosinthesisi ngaphandle kwamanzi olwandle ... kodwa kufutshane kakhulu nayo.

Kukholelwa ukuba i-algae yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuba yiArchaeplastida, yabonakala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-1.500 yezigidi eyadlulayoNgelixa i-algae ebomvu, eyayizezona zahluka-hlukeneyo ukuze zivelise iintlobo esizaziyo namhlanje, zivela malunga nesigidi se-1.200 seminyaka eyadlulayo.

Iindidi zeendalo

Nazi ezinye:

IChondrus crispus
Jonga ialga Chondrus crispus

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Chondrus crispus

Al IChondrus crispus Iyaziwa njenge-moss yaseIreland kwaye luhlobo lobomvu obomvu bomthonyama kumanxweme aseAtlantic eYurophu nakuMntla Melika. Amagqabi awo obuxoki avela kwisikhondo esinamasebe amakhulu, kwaye yonke ibomvu ngombala.

ulva lactuca
Jonga i-alga Ulva lactuca

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / H. Krisp

Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-lamilla okanye i-lettuce yolwandle, i ulva lactuca Yi-alga ene-laminar green thallus (igqabi elingeyonyani ngohlobo lweshiti), enekoyile kwaye inezingqimba ezimbini zeeseli ezimiliselwe emhlabeni ziiRhizoids. Ikhula ukulinganisa i-18cm ubude ngaphezulu kwe-30cm ububanzi.

Moss

I-Moss sisityalo esidala

Ubulembu, obunobude obuphezulu ziisentimitha ezili-10, zizityalo ezinomdla kakhulu. Ukuthetha ngokungqongqo Luhlobo lwezityalo ze-bryophyte ezingezizo ezomthambo (Oko kukuthi, azinazo iiglasi ngaphakathi, ngokungafaniyo nazo zonke ezinye esiza kuzibona), ezenziwe ngamagqabi aluhlaza ... kuphela xa kuna imvula.

Ngesi sizathu, sibafumana eluphahleni lwezindlu, amatye, iindonga, iindonga, iziqu zemithi, ... naphina apho kukho amanzi amancinci kangangexesha elingaphezulu okanye elincinci.

Iindidi zeentlobo moss

Nazi ezinye:

Polytrichum engqongqo
Jonga i-Polytrichum solidum

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Helenaanna

Al Polytrichum engqongqo Iyaziwa njenge-moss yeenwele, ingqolowa yeentaka okanye ingqolowa yehobe, kwaye ineenwele ezininzi eziyigubungelayo. Amagqabi akhonjisiwe kwaye acwangciswe ngokuthe ngqo ajikeleze isiqu esiqinileyo ifikelela kubude beesentimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezingama-20.

I-Sphagnum fallax
Jonga i-moss Sphagnum fallax

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Helenaanna

Yaziwa njenge Isphagnum moss, okanye i-sphagnum, I-Sphagnum fallax Sisityalo esizalelwa kuMantla eIkhweyitha, esine-pseudostem ephambili evela kumasebe avela kwi-fascicles, ene-2-3 eyandisiweyo yamasebe, kunye ne-2-4 ejingayo amasebe aluhlaza.

Amakhambi

Iherbs ziluhlobo lwesityalo esiphumelele kakhulu

Xa sithetha ngamayeza esihlala siwathetha "kokhula", okanye ingca yasendle. Kodwa, kuthekani ukuba bendinokuxelela ukuba banokuhlelwa ngohlobo lwabo lwegqabi, kwaye oko kukwahluka nje kuninzi olunokwenziwa. Sukuba nexhala, andizukuyenza nzima:

Zimbini iintlobo zamayeza: lawo anegqabi elimxinwa, Eziziigramainoid (ingca) njengazo zonke ezinokusetyenziselwa ingca umzekelo, kunye namagqabi abanzi abizwa ngokuba ziifbias. Ngaphakathi kweli qela lokugqibela sifumana i-megaphorbias okanye ii-herbs ezinkulu, kulapho i iintende okanye ii-muses (imithi yebhanana).

Ukulindela kwabo ubomi kuyahluka kakhulu:

  • Qho ngonyaka: ihlume, ikhule, intyatyambo, iziqhamo kwaye ife ngonyaka (ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi). Imizekelo: umbona, ivatala, ipea.
  • IiBiannuals: kunyaka wokuqala ziyantshula zikhule, kwaye okwesibini ziyadubula, zivelise iziqhamo kwaye zife. Imizekelo: i-foxglove, iparsley, isipinatshi okanye iminqathe.
  • Ukuphila okanye ukuphela: ngaba abo baphila iminyaka emi-3 okanye ngaphezulu (imithi ethile yesundu nokuba ingaphaya kwenkulungwane yobomi). Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweentlobo zezityalo, inokuqala ukudubula kwanyaka wokuqala wobomi, okanye kamva. Umzekelo, umthi wesundu uvelisa iintyatyambo zokuqala kwiminyaka emi-5-7 ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, kodwa igeranium kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokutyala inako ukudubula (ndithetha ngamava). Imizekelo: i-carnation, i-gazania, intaka yeparadesi, imithi yesundu, bromeliads kunye bulbous, phakathi kwabanye.

Iintlobo zezityalo zeHerbaceous

Sikubonisa oku kulandelayo:

cucumis melo

I-Melon luhlobo lwesityalo sonyaka

El cucumis melo, yaziwa njenge icantaloupe, kwaye ngumjikelo wonyaka we-herbaceous native kwi-Iran, i-Anatolia, kunye neCaucasus. Ivelisa iziqu ezinambuzelayo, kunye namagqabi esundu avelisa iintyatyambo ezimthubi kwaye, ngasemva kwabo, iziqhamo ezingqukuva kumaqunube e-ellipsoidal alungele ukusetyenziswa ngabantu.

Idijithali purpurea

I-Foxglove luhlobo lwe-biennial herb

Iintlobo Idijithali purpurea, yaziwa njenge foxlube, I-digitalis, i-suckers, i-viluria okanye i-gauntlet, yindawo yemifuno ephuma kwiminyaka emibini eya eYurophu, emantla ntshona e-Afrika, nakuMbindi naseNtshona yeAsia. Ikhula isikhondo eside phakathi kwe-0,50 kunye ne-2,5 yeemitha ukuphakama, apho kuvela khona amazinyo, amagqabi alula kunye nelinye. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe ngokwamaqela axhonyiweyo kwaye zinemibhobho, ipinki enzulu ngaphandle kwaye ngaphakathi imfusa.

IGazania rigens

IGazania luhlobo lwesityalo esingapheliyo

La igazania o IGazania rigens, sisityalo esingapheliyo okanye esingapheliyo esizalelwa eMzantsi Afrika naseMozambiki ifikelela kubude obukhulu beesentimitha ezingama-30. Amagqabi amade, aluhlaza kwicala eliphezulu kwaye amhlophe emazantsi. Iintyatyambo zifana neentyatyambo zeentyatyambo, zivuleka kuphela xa kukho ilanga.

Iifeni

Ifern sisityalo esingapheliyo

IiFerns zithathwa njengezinto eziphilayo, kuba zavela malunga neminyaka engama-420 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Olu luhlobo lwezityalo ze-vascular ezingazivelisi iimbewu (kodwa i-spores), i-rhizomatous, kunye namagqabi amakhulu awaziwa njengama-frond okanye i-megaphils, ngokuqhelekileyo i-pinnate, eluhlaza okanye eluhlaza okombala. Ukuphakama kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo: zinokukhula kuphela ukuya kwiisentimitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama, okanye zingagqitha kwiimitha ezi-5 njenge iifeni zomthi ethi, njengoko igama libonisa, zezo zinobume bomthi ngokuphuhlisa umboko wobuxoki.

Indawo yokuhlala yendalo ihlala ingamahlathi namahlathi akweleenjiko ngaphezu kwayo yonke, phantsi komthunzi obonelelwe yimithi, nalapho ukufuma kwendalo kuphezulu.

Iintlobo zeFern

Sikubonisa oku:

ICyathea arborea
ICyathea arborea luhlobo lomthi womthi

Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Xemenendura

Yaziwa njengefern enkulu okanye istrimp stick, the ICyathea arborea Luhlobo lwefern oluhlaza oluhlala luhleli ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-9. Izalelwe emathafeni nasemahlathini e-Antilles, kwaye ivelisa isithsaba esenziwe ubuncinci beshumi lamagqabantshintshi kunye namagqabi angenasiporingi (amagqabi).

IPteris cretica
I-Pteris cretica yifern ethwala imfutshane

Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Rexness esuka eMelbourne, e-Australia

El IPteris cretica Yifern yaseMelika eMelika enerhizome enambuzelayo, ethi ifikelela kubude obuphakathi kweesentimitha ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-80. Amagqabi aphinyiwe, aluhlaza ngeziko elimhlophe.

IConifers

IConifers zizityalo ezihlala ixesha elide

IConifers zizityalo ezintle kakhulu. Azivelisi iintyatyambo zokubonisa, kodwa leyo yeyona nto ibenza babalasele. Zizinye zezona ntlobo zindala zezityalo, ezibonakala eMhlabeni malunga neminyaka engama-300 yezigidi eyadlulayo.

Eli qela lezityalo ihlala inesiqu esithe nkqo kwaye ihlala inde kakhulu, idlula iimitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama. Isithsaba sayo sinokuba yipiramidi okanye sibe sirhangqiwe, senziwe ngamagqabi amade nangaphezulu afutshane, aluhlaza ngombala kunye nokuziphatha okungagungqiyo, okungagungqiyo okanye okunesidima. Iziqhamo zayo zizinto esizibiza ngempazamo ukuba ziziinanapile (ukuze zingabhidaniswa nesityalo sepayina, esinegama lenzululwazi I-Ananas comosus eyi-bromeliad), kodwa banokuba ziicones.

Emva kokuvela ixesha elide, kwaye boyisile ukubanda kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeziganeko zendalo, namhlanje singonwabela ubuhle bamahlathi eArctic, ubomi obude bujika baba ziintanda kwisiqu esiphothiweyo UPinus longaeva kwiintaba ze-USA, iindawo eziphakamileyo ezintle zeerwoods ezinkulu zaseMelika, okanye amantongomane ompayini amnandi e IPinus pinea, uhlobo oluzenzekelayo lweMeditera.

Iintlobo zezityalo zeConiferous

Sikubonisa oku kulandelayo:

ICompressus sempervirens
I-cypress eqhelekileyo yi-conifer

Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Jerzy Strzelecki

Eyaziwa njenge-cypress eqhelekileyo okanye i-cypress yaseMeditera, ICompressus sempervirens Sisityalo esihlala siluhlaza esidala kwi-mpuma yeMeditera. Ifikelela kubude beemitha ezingama-30 okanye nangaphezulu, ngekomityi enokuba yipiramidi okanye ethe tye. Amagqabi anamaxolo, kwaye abumbene kakhulu, amagqabi aluhlaza amnyama. Ubomi bayo obulindelweyo bumalunga neminyaka eli-1000.

UPinus longaeva
I-Pinus longaeva yi-evergreen conifer

Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / J Brew

El UPinus longaeva, eyaziwa ngokuba yipayini ehlala ixesha elide, yinzalelwane yeentaba ezikumazantsi mpuma eUnited States. Ikhula phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-15 yeemitha, kunye nesiqu sobubanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3,6 yeemitha. Amagqabi aclic, aqinile, afikelela kwi-4cm ubude, kwaye aluhlaza mnyama ngombala. Ixesha elilindelweyo ebomini, njengoko igama lisitsho, lide kakhulu: nge-6 ka-Agasti ka-1964, umfundi osithweswe isidanga wasika iPrometheus, isampulu eyayineminyaka engaphezu kwama-5000 XNUMX ubudala.

Imithi

Imithi mide, izityalo ezinamaplanga

Imithi luhlobo lwesityalo esinesikhondo somthi esibizwa ngokuba yitrunk nesithsaba esine-branched esinegatsha eliphambili elicacileyo. Ukuphakama abafikelela kuko kuyahluka ngohlobo, kodwa Iingcali zihlala ziyavuma ukuba banokuphakama ubuncinci beemitha ezi-5 kunye nesiqu sobunzima be-10 cm ubuncinci.

Ukuba sithetha ngamagqabi, anokuqaqamba, agqibe ngokungagungqi okanye angapheli; inkulu, iphakathi okanye incinci; ilula okanye iqulathe amaphetshana ahlukeneyo (amaphetshana), ... kwaye ngesiqhelo iluhlaza ngombala, kodwa inokubomvu-mdaka (Fagus sylvatica var. Ukufumana umzekelo inabo balo mbala).

Bahlala phi? Ehlabathini lonke, ngaphandle kweendawo ezigabadeleyo. Kukho abo bahlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo omileyo, afana ne I-Acacia tortilis okanye adansonia digitata (ibhayobhi); abanye abakhetha imozulu enemozulu epholileyo nobusika obubandayo, njengoninzi lwe iimaphu okanye i-oki; abanye, kwelinye icala, bathanda ihlobo elishushu kakhulu kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi ebusika, njenge carob okanye iamangile.

Imithi 'yale mihla' yaqala ukuvela kwayo ngexesha leCretaceous, oko kukuthi, malunga neminyaka ezizigidi ezili-145 eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha babengabanye babalinganiswa abaphambili bokuzalwa kwe Izityalo ze-angiospermOko kukuthi, izityalo ezineentyatyambo ezibukhali, ukongeza, ezikhusela imbewu yazo ngandlel 'ithile ukuze zingatyhileki kwimozulu embi.

Ngaba iiConifers zithathwa njengemithi?

Ewe, kodwa ndifuna ukubeka ngokwahlukeneyo kwezi zizathu zilandelayo ndiza kuzichaza ukuze kungabikho ukungaqondani:

  • IConifers yaqala ukuvela kwisithuba seTriassic, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili malunga neminyaka engama-300 ezigidi eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha, izityalo ezineentyatyambo ezichwayitileyo zazingekabikho, kwaye imbewu ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala owayo (kwaye yawa) emhlabeni kufuneka ihlume ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ithuba lokusinda livele.
  • Imithi yale mihla zizityalo ze-angiosperm; ii-conifers endaweni yoko imithambo. Lunye kuphela uhlobo lomthi wamandulo onxulumene kakhulu nee-conifers kunemithi yale mihla: the Ginkgo biloba.
  • Amagqabi emithi 'abuthathaka' ngokuthelekisa ii-conifers. Igqabi lemephu (umzekelo) alinakuphila kubusika obunzima beArctic.
  • Izinga lokukhula phakathi kwelinye kunye nelinye, ngokubanzi, lahluke kakhulu. IConifers ihlala icotha, ngelixa imithi ikhawuleza noko.
  • Ukulinda ubomi kukwahluke kakhulu. Isityalo, sikhula kancinci (kwaye ukuba nje ukucotha kuyinxalenye yento ekuyalelwa yimfuzo) kuphila ixesha elide kunaleyo ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kungenxa yoko le nto sinokufumana Imithi ebomvu Iminyaka engama-3200 ubudala, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukufumana umthi omdala kuneminyaka eli-1000. Yomibini le minyaka iyamangalisa kwaye ayinakwenzeka ukuba abantu bayifikelele, kodwa ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ndicinga ukuba le yinto ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uthetha ngemithi kunye neeconifers.

Iintlobo zemithi

Ezinye iintlobo ezimele ngakumbi zezi:

Icitrus x sinensis
Umthi weorenji ngumthi weziqhamo

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Jean-Pol GRANDMONT

Ngokuqhelekileyo ubizwa Umthi we-orenji, i Icitrus x sinensis Ngumthi ohlala uluhlaza uvela eIndiya, ePakistan, eVietnam, nakwimpuma mpuma yeChina. Ikhula ukuya kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezi-10, nesiqu esifutshane nesithsaba esenziwe ngamasebe aphuma kuwo amagqabi amakhulu, alula, aluhlaza amnyama. Iintyatyambo zincinci, malunga ne-1cm, zimhlophe kwaye zinuka kamnandi kakhulu. Kwaye iziqhamo zirhangqiwe, iorenji ngombala, kunye nomgubo odliwayo.

IPrunus dulcis

Umthi wom-amangile ngumthi weziqhamo onqabileyo

Yaziwa njenge iamangile, i IPrunus dulcis Ngumthi onqabileyo ozalelwa eMpuma Yurophu, eNtshona Asia, naseMantla eAfrika. Ifikelela kubude beemitha ezingama-10, ngomboko ojijiweyo kancinci nesithsaba esibanzi nesiphantse sarhangqwa. Amagqabi yi-ovate, enomda ocoliweyo, kwaye aluhlaza ngombala. Iintyatyambo zimhlophe okanye zipinki, 1-2cm ubude, kwaye azihoji. Iziqhamo ziiamangile, ezimalunga ne-1-1,5 cm ubude, kwaye zenziwe ngeqokobhe elilukhuni- linokuqhekeka ngokulula ngokulibetha ngelitye - ngombala omdaka okhusela imbewu enye, oku kugqityiweyo ukutyiwa.

Shrubbery

I-Azaleas zizityalo ezihlala ziluhlaza

Masidlulele ematyholweni. Ezi zizityalo, ngokungafaniyo nemithi, abanaso isiqu esinye esiphambili, kodwa banezinto ezininzi ezivela kwisiseko esinye. Ngokumalunga nokuphakama kwabo, balinganisa ukuya kwi-5 yeemitha, nangona kukho uninzi olungagqithiyo kwimitha enye.

Amagqabi anokuba luhlaza okanye ahlala eluhlaza, amancinci okanye makhulu, kunye nemibala eyahlukileyo kakhulu (eluhlaza, obomvu, omfusa, owahlukileyo, itricolor, ...). Kwii-nursery sifumana ezininzi ezivelisa iintyatyambo ezintle, ezinje nge-azalea umzekelo, okanye i-camellia.

Imithana engenjalo

Icycas revoluta ziintlobo ze-shrub ezingeyonyani

Umfanekiso -Flickr / iincwadi zokupheka

Kukho ezinye izityalo, nangona zizalisekisa inxenye elungileyo yezi mpawu, azinakuthathelwa ingqalelo njengezinto ezinje. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-subshrub, Ezizityalo ezo ngolwimi oludumileyo zaziwa njengezihlahla (okanye amatyholo nje) okanye izihlahla. Ngokungafaniyo namatyholo siza kuthi siyinyani, ezi ziqu zimfutshane kakhulu, kwaye zikhangeleka ngakumbi njengesityalo setyholo yintoni enye, njenge Ilavenda okanye thyme.

Ukwenza izinto nzima ngakumbi, kulisiko ukubandakanya kweli qela ezinye izityalo ezingenabudlelwane bukhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo intuthuzelo kunye nokusebenziseka. Umzekelo, cycadsOko kukuthi, zonke ezo Cycas, iDioon, iEncephalartos, nezinye ezinje. Kutheni ndisithi ezi zinto azidweliswanga kakuhle ematyholweni?

Kungenxa yokuba into efanayo iyenzeka kubo njengakwii-conifers: zizityalo ezindala kakhuluNgapha koko, iintsalela zafunyanwa zithandana malunga neminyaka engama-280 yezigidi eyadlulayo; ziijimnosperms (Ayizikhuseli iimbewu kwaye azivelisi neentyatyambo ezibonisa ubuhle); kwaye ubude bayo bobomi bude kakhulu kunaleyo yesihlahla ngenxa yesantya sayo sokukhula kancinci: a Icycas revolutaUmzekelo, ukuba iimeko zichanekile, zinokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-300, ngelixa isihlahla esiqhelekileyo kunzima ukudlula i-100.

Iindidi zezityalo ezifana nezihlahla

Sikubonisa ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

IVeronica ochracea

IVeronica ocracea sisihlahla esingapheliyo

A la IVeronica ochracea Yaziwa ngokuba yi-veronica okanye i-hebe, kwaye sisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esihlala sikhona eNew Zealand ifikelela kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezi-2. Amagqabi ayo amancinci kwaye made, aluhlaza ngombala, kwaye iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwi-inflorescence emhlophe.

IHibiscus rosa-sinensis

I-China rose yi-evergreen shrub

El IHibiscus rosa-sinensis luhlobo olwaziwa njenge China rose, hibiscus, cayenne okanye poppy (ukuze ungabhidaniswa nomfuno IPapaver rhoeas) Kwaye sisihlahla esihlala sihlaza esihlala eMpuma Asia. Ifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5, kunye namagqabi abanzi aluhlaza amnyama. Iintyatyambo zi-6 ukuya kwi-12cm ububanzi, kwaye zinemibala eyahlukeneyo: mthubi, pinki, bomvu, yimibala-bala.

Ukunyuka kwezityalo

Abakhweli zizityalo ezingapheliyo

Ukunyuka kwezi ntlobo zezityalo ezikhula ngaphezulu kwezinye izityalo (zihlala ziyimithi emide) ukuze zikwazi ukufikelela elangeni. Kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokuhluthwa, sinokuthi:

  • Izityalo ze-Epiphytic: zezi zisebenzisa ezinye njengenkxaso, ezinje ngejasmine okanye mzantsiweb.
  • Hemiepiphyte: zezo ziziiepiphyte kuphela ngexesha lokuqala kobomi bazo, kulapho ke iingcambu zazo zikhula ezantsi kwaye zingene emhlabeni. Ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, baya kuba zizityalo ezikrwitshi, njenge UFicus benghalensis, okanye ezinye iintlobo zeClusia.
  • IHemiparasite: Zizityalo ezinesidudu, oko kukuthi, zifumana izakha mzimba kwezinye izityalo, kodwa zinako ukwenza ifotosinthesisi ngendlela ethile.
    Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-parasitism:

    • Unyanzelwe: xa ungekhe uphile ngaphandle komamkeli. Umzekelo: Ialbhamu yeViscum.
    • Ukhetho: xa ungabugqiba ubomi bakho nokuba unombuki zindwendwe okanye hayi. Umzekelo: URhinanthus.
    • Iziqu: zezo zimiselwe kwisiqu sesityalo.
    • Iingcambu: zezo zimiliselwe ezingcanjini zezityalo ezibambeleyo.
    • IHoloparasite: zezo zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwezinye izityalo njengoko zingenayo iklorofili, ngaphandle kwayo akunakwenzeka ukwenza ifotosinthesisi. Umzekelo: IHydnora (ingcambu), okanye ICuscuta europaea (wesiqu).

Iintlobo ze-Climber

Apha sikubonisa ezinye:

Ijasminum officinale

UJasminum officinale ngumkhweli ongenabungozi

El Ijasminum officinale i-epiphyte ehlala iluhlaza ezalelwa eCaucasus, emantla e-Iran, eAfghanistan, ePakistan, kwiiHimalaya, eIndiya, eNepal, nasentshona China. Ifikelela kubude obuziimitha ezintandathu ukuba iyaxhaswa, kwaye iziqu zawo zahluma amagqabi aqukethe amaphetshana ayi-5-9 aluhlaza. Iintyatyambo ziqokelelwe kwii-axillary racemes, kwaye zimhlophe.

UFicus benghalensis
Umkhiwane oqingqiweyo ngumkhweli we-hemiepiphytic

Umfanekiso -Flickr / Scott Zona

Yaziwa njenge umkhiwane okrwitshiweyo okanye umthi we-banyan, kwaye sisityalo se-hemiepiphyte. Imbewu ihlala ihluma emngxunyeni kwisebe lomthi omkhulu, kwaye xa iingcambu zifika emhlabeni isityalo siqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, sisuse izakha mzimba kumthi owawubanjelwe kuwo.

Njengoko ikhula, iingcambu zomkhiwane ziyaqina ngokwamandla, kunye nobukhulu bazo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe 'ziwukrwitshe' umthi. Ixesha elingaphezulu, amasebe e-Ficus avelise amagqabi amaninzi kangangokuba umthi owuxhasayo uphela usifa ngokuswela ukukhanya ... kunye nezakha mzimba. Nje ukuba yenzeke, isiqu sawo siyabola, kodwa umkhiwane wenze uthungelwano oluqinileyo lweengcambu kangangokuba aluwa, kodwa lwenza uhlobo lomthi ongenanto.

Esi sityalo umbulali ixhaphake kakhulu eBangladesh, eIndiya naseSri Lanka. Ubungakanani bayo buyahluka, kodwa bunokwandiswa ukuya kumawakawaka eemitha. KwiGadi yeBhotani yaseCalcutta kukho enye eqikelelwa ukuba ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-230 ubudala, kwaye ithatha indawo ye-12.000 yezikwere zesikwere.

Ialbhamu yeViscum

I-albhamu yeViscum sisityalo esirhorhozayo

Eyaziwa ngokuba mhlophe okanye slimy mistletoe, the Ialbhamu yeViscum Sisinyanzelo se-hemiparasitic esivela eYurophu, eNtshona nase-Asiya esemaZantsi naseMelika. Ikhula kumasebe emithi enqumlayo, enje nge ipopu, nangona ikwabonwa kwezinye Imithi yepine. Ikhula ngesiqu esifikelela kwisi-1 semitha ubude, kwaye amagqabi ayo aluhlaza-tyheli, 2 ukuya kwi-8cm ubude.. Iintyatyambo zawo ziluhlaza-tyheli, kwaye zilinganisa i-2-3mm ubukhulu. Isiqhamo siqunube esincinci esimhlophe, sityheli okanye sihambile.

Isucculents

IiSucculents zizityalo ezinganyangekiyo ngenxa yembalela

Umfanekiso -Flickr / Pamla J. Eisenberg

Zizityalo ezihlengahlengise ukuhlala kwezinye zeendawo ezifudumeleyo nezomileyo emhlabeni. Nangona kukho imithi, amatyholo kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezinenxalenye ethile enencasa, ngenxa yoko sibhekisa kuphela kwiicacti kunye nesucculents. Imvelaphi yale mihla ibuyela kwixesha leCretaceous, phakathi kweminyaka engama-80 ukuya kuma-90 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha yayizizityalo ezinamagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye nembewu, ezazihlala kwindawo ngoku eyi Mzantsi Melika nase Afrika, kodwa eyayisakuba yi Gondwana (yayiyindawo yelizwekazi eyayiqulethwe ngamazwe ase Afrika yanamhlanje, eMzantsi Melika , Australia, New Zealand, Hindustan, Madagascar nase Antarctica, eyaqala ngokwahlulwa kwe Pangea kwiminyaka emibini engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama 200 eyadlulayo).

Ngenxa yokuhamba rhoqo kwamacwecwe eteknoloji, kancinci kancinci nangaphezulu kwamawaka ezigidi zeminyaka, UMzantsi Melika kunye ne-Afrika zahlulwa, ziziswa kancinci kwindawo yazo yangoku. Ngokwenza njalo, iimeko zemozulu zezo ndawo zitshintshile, ukunyanzelisa ama-succulents aseMerika ukuba aguqule ngokuguqula amaqabunga awo ngamaqabunga e-foliar kunye nokuba nomzimba onamandla we-photosynthesis; Kwelinye icala, abafazi baseAfrika bawaguqula amagqabi abo kunye / okanye izikhondo zaba 'ziivenkile' zamanzi.

Ke, amaMelika avelisa i-cacti, kwaye eyokugqibela yaba succulents.

Kwixesha langoku siyazibona ezi zityalo entlango okanye kufutshane nemimandla eyintlango. Umzekelo, kumazwe afana neMexico, iChile neArgentina, kukho iyantlukwano enkulu yecacti. Umzekelo, kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-350 ze mammillaria eyamkelweyo, lolona hlobo lwecactus lubanzi, uninzi lwazo luzelwe eMexico. Kwelinye icala, ii-Lithops zezona zinkulu kakhulu kwizityalo ezinencindi, njengoko yenziwe ziintlobo ezili-109, zonke zizalwe kumazantsi eAfrika.

Iisucculents zizityalo ezithi bakulungele ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu afanayo neentlango, kwaye abafuni manzi maninzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto zithandwa kangaka, kuba nazo azihlali zikhula kakhulu (ngaphandle kokumbalwa). Into eqhelekileyo kukuba azidluli kwi-40, 50 okanye i-60 yeesentimitha ukuphakama, nangona zikhona iintlobo ezithile zecacti yecacti, enje nge ICarnegiea gigantea (isaguaro), ezigqitha iimitha ezi-5.

Umahluko phakathi kwecacti kunye nesucculents

Kulula kakhulu ukubaphambanisa, kuba ewe, siyazi ukuba i-cacti inameva ... kodwa kwezinye iimeko akufani (ezinje I-Astrophytum asterias). Ke ukuze kungabikho mathandabuzo, ndikuxelele ukuba kuya kufuneka ujonge ukwazi ukuba yi-cactus okanye i-crass yile ilandelayo:

  • Areola: ameva neentyatyambo ziphuma kuzo, kwaye zihlala zinoboya. Zikho kuphela kwi-cacti.
  • Iimbambo: Iimbambo zinokuphawulwa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye zinokuba zininzi okanye zingaqhelekanga. Zombini ii-cacti kunye nezinye i-succulents zinokuba nazo, kodwa ngaphambili zibalasele ngcono.
  • Amagqabi: ziyinyama, zihlala zikhanya ngombala. Bambalwa kuphela abancancayo abanazo.

Iintlobo zezityalo ezinencindi

Apha sikubonisa ezinye:

ICopiapoa cinerea
ICopiapoa cinerea yi-cactus

Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / H. Zell

La ICopiapoa cinerea Luhlobo lwecactus elinomzimba we-globose-cylindrical oxhotyiswe ngameva. Iintyatyambo zimthubi, kwaye ziphuma kwincam yesiqu. Ixhaphakile eChile, kwaye Unokufikelela kubude obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-50-60.

Elegans zeEcheveria
I-Echeveria elegans sisityalo esimnandi

Umfanekiso - UFlickr / stephen boisvert

La Elegans zeEcheveria sisityalo esimnandi esizalelwe kumbindi we Mexico eso yenza i-rosette yamagqabi ukuya kwiisentimitha ezili-10 ububanzi, ngaphandle kwesiqu / isiqu. Iintyatyambo zawo ziphuma kwisiqu esifutshane seentyatyambo, kwaye ziorenji.

Ngomfanekiso omfutshane sigqiba:

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi izityalo, kodwa kananjalo kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubahloniphe. Kungokunje igawulwa ngamahlathi ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ukuba siqhubeka ngoluhlobo, xa siqonda ukuba imali ayinakutyiwa, iyakuba selidlulile ixesha.


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