Agaricus campestris (Amakhowa asendle)

Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-mushroom yasendle, enye yezona zifunwayo nezaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu Agaricus inkampu Kwaye yaziwa ngamanye amagama anje nge-meadow mushroom, i-mushroom yentsimi, i-brackish, i-camperol, i-guisana kunye ne-bustard encinci. Yifungusyophytic fungus enokutyiwa isencinci kwaye amashiti ayo asepinki. Akulungele konke konke ukuwasebenzisa xa amashiti abo amnyama. Yinto yokungunda yeqela leBasidiomycetes.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zefayile ye- Agaricus inkampu kwaye iluncedo kangakanani.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngumakhowa onomnqwazi imilinganiselo phakathi kweesentimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-10 ububanzi. Yenziwe njenge-convex hemisphere kwaye, njengoko ikhula, iyancipha. I-cuticle yayo imhlophe kunye nokuthungwa kwesilika. Kulula ukwahlula-hlula kuba inezikali ezininzi ezinokuqwalaselwa ngombala we-ocher. Umda uhonjisiwe kwaye ubonise ezi zigqutyuthelwe. Unyawo lwalo lungqindilili, lufutshane kwaye lumile okwexeshana. Idla ngokuba ziisentimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7 ubude neesentimitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ububanzi. Isiseko sinombala omhlophe kwaye sinokufumaneka ngokulula kwisigqoko.

Ine-hymenium enama-lamellae amaninzi asimahla kwaye aqinile. Ezi lamellae zinombala o-pinki oqaqambileyo ngombala kwaye ziyatshintsha zibe mnyama ngombala njengoko zikhula.. Ngokuphathelele inyama ye-mushroom yasendle, sinokuthi icinene kwaye yomelele. Imhlophe ngombala kwaye ngokuvezwa komoya iba bomvu ngendlela encinci. Incasa yawo imnandi kwaye inevumba elimnandi. Singalifumanisa eli vumba liye kwiiprune.

Singayifumana i-Agaricus campestris rhoqo ngamaxesha entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ubukhulu becala emva kwemvula ezininzi. Ngokwesiqhelo, zifumaneka kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, ezinje ngamadlelo, emadlelweni, kumasimi angalinywanga achunyiswa ngomgquba okanye ahanjelwa ziinkomo namahashe rhoqo. Luhlobo lwe-nitrophilicOko kukuthi, ifuna isixa esikhulu senitrogen ukuze ikwazi ukukhula. Ke ngoko, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuyifumana kwiindawo ezikufutshane zezolimo apho kusetyenziswa izichumisi ze nitrogen.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe Agaricus inkampu

Ukuba likhowa elaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yinto etyiwayo, abanye bathi lelona khowa lingcamlayo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ibe yeyona mushroom ibalaseleyo ekhitshini kodwa Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuthungwa kwayo kunye nencasa. Le yenye yezona zilwanyana zasendle zaziwayo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi lokupheka. Yayisetyenziselwa ukwenza izitya ezininzi ezenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Singayifumana kunye namaqabane alula njengamaqanda, sizitye ziluhlaza kwiisaladi okanye ngezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa kwi-fries okanye isitshixo.

Kubo bonke abo bantu batya imifuno kuphela, amakhowa asendle angalukhetho olukhulu kuzo zombini iivithamini kunye neeminerali kunye nomxholo weprotheni. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kweli khowa kukuba enkosi koluhlobo unokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngoku ekhitshini.

Singayifumana ngendlela eyintabalala emadlelweni, kwiigadi nasezingceni ezichunyiswe ngezichumiso ze-nitrogen. Ukuma kwayo kulungile. Ukuthatha ithuba kuyo yonke incasa yayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungaqokeleli iisampulu xa sele zivuthiwe ngamashiti amnyama okanye amnyama. Kwimeko apho siqokelela khona ukungunda kunye nezi mpawu, kuya kufuneka kususwe amaphepha ngaphambi kokupheka. Oku kwenzelwa ukunqanda ukunciphisa umgangatho wokutya kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezinokubakho zokwetyisa.

Iipropathi ze Agaricus inkampu

Siza kuthetha ngeepropathi ekufuneka zibonakaliswe leli mushroom kakhulu okanye phakathi kwelizwe lokupheka. Olunye lweempawu zalo olubalaseleyo kukukhanya. I-90% yobunzima bayo ngamanzi. Eminye, ngamanani ambalwa, igcwele ii-carbohydrate kunye namafutha. Zizityebi kwiivithamini kunye neeminerals. Enkosi kwezi ndawo zinokubandakanywa phantse kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokutya. Olukhetho olukhulu kubantu abatyebe kakhulu kuba benesithambiso, kodwa ukutya okuphantsi kwekhalori. Ngale ndlela, sinokutya isixa esikhulu sale mushroom ngaphandle kokongeza iikhalori ezininzi kukutya kwethu.

Enye ipropathi kukuba iphezulu kwi-selenium, ineepropathi zokulwa ne-antioxidant kwaye inezixa ezikhulu zepotassium. Oku kusebenza ukunceda ukunciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ngakumbi kubantu abagqithisileyo. Batyebile kwi-phosphorus ngoko ke banceda ukugcina amazinyo kunye namathambo esempilweni entle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwengqondo. Phakathi kweevithamini ezifumaneka kwinxalenye enkulu sine-B2 kunye ne-B3.

Uwaqonda njani amakhowa asendle

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba uza kuqokelela amakhowa ungenza impazamo xa ukhetha uhlobo olunye okanye olunye. Ukuba usaqala, ungabhida iifayile ze- Agaricus inkampu nge-amanitas emhlophe. La amanita amhlophe anokuchongwa ngokulula ngokujonga iipleyiti zawo kwaye zibuya ngombala omhlophe. Ngaphambi kokuzama ukuqokelela amakhowa asendle, kufanelekile ukuba ufunde yonke imo morphology yazo zombini ezi ntlobo kunye nee-amanitas ezimhlophe. Oku kubaluleka kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba kunokubakho ubunxila obunobungozi kwimeko yokudideka.

Amakhowa asendle awaguquki abe tyheli okanye anuke njenge-anise. Ezi mpawu zinokukunceda ukwahlula kwezinye iintlobo ezinje nge Agaricus arvensis. Olunye uhlobo oluhlala ludidekile ngalo Agaricus bitorchis. Le fungus ineeringi ezimbini ezifanayo. Kukho nezinye iintlobo ezijika zibe bomvu xa uzisika okanye unxibelelana nomoya. Kuyo yonke le nto, Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufunde i-morphology yazo zombini i-mushroom yasendle kunye neentlobo ezifanayo nayo.

Umngcipheko wokudida amakhowa asendle kunye nolunye uhlobo olufanayo ulele kwityhefu enokwenzeka. Singayidibanisa ngokulula ne- Agaricus xanthodermus. Yifungi eyahlukileyo kumakhowa asendle kuba iba mthubi xa ubrasha umphezulu wawo. Ingakumbi emazantsi onyawo kuxa ufumana olu tyheli. Inuka i-inki, esingayiboniyo kwikhowa yasendle.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazi ngakumbi malunga Agaricus inkampu.