Kutheni iipepile zinamachokoza amdaka?

Kutheni kuvela amabala amdaka kwipepile?

Zonke ezo zityalo sizikhulisileyo zinokujoliswa zizitshabalalisi nezifo. Ipepile yayingayi kuba ngaphantsi. Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba amabala amdaka avela kwipepile. Imvelaphi ye amabala amdaka kwipepile ingahluka kakhulu.

Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba kutheni kuvela amabala amdaka kunye nepepile kwaye yintoni unyango lwazo.

Izifo zePepper

imbewu yepepile

I-Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica, Phytophtora capsici, Alternaria solana). Isifo sokungunda apho sifumanisa ukuba amabala atyheli kwindawo ephezulu amagqabi bakhawuleza babe necrotic kwaye umgubo omhlophe uvela ngaphantsi.

Ukoma kwePepper kukubuna ngesiquphe nokungajiki ukuguqulwa kwesityalo sonke, ngaphandle kokuwa kwamagqabi, ngakumbi xa isiqhamo sikhula. Ukongeza, i-necrosis inokubonwa entanyeni (eyona nxalenye isezantsi yesiqu ejikeleze i-substrate) kunye nokubola kweengcambu. Ingenzeka kwizityalo ezizimeleyo okanye nge-phylogeny.

Intamo kunye nokubola kweengcambu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yePhytophthora. Pythium, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia. Linda de izithole zibune kwaye intamo ibonakale ikrwitshiwe kwaye ibolile.

Amaqhuma kwiingcambu zepepile: aveliswa ziinematodes. Izityalo ezosulelwe yi I-Nematodes ibonisa ukudodobala, ukubola, i-chlorosis, ukuguqulwa, kunye neentsumpa (amaqhuqhuva ezingcanjini). Isasazwa kwiindawo zokumisa (izityalo zenza iindawo ezizii-circular ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi) okanye ecaleni kwemigca yokunkcenkceshela.

Intsholongwane yePepper: iimpawu zi-mosaic-on-leaf, dwarfing, chlorotic-rings (yellow), amagqabi agobileyo kunye nokugobeka, iziphene zeziqhamo ezinamachokoza okanye amajingi amawavy… Iimpawu ziyohluka (nangona amagqabi atyheli kwipepile edla ngokuba yinto eqhelekileyo) kwaye kukho iindidi ezininzi zeentsholongwane zegadi yeziqhamo ezinokuchaphazela iipepile.

Amabala amdaka kwipepile

amabala kwi pepper

Okulandelayo siza kubona ukuba zeziphi izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangela amabala amdaka kwipepile. Ezinye izigulo ezixhaphakileyo kwipepile kukubola kokuphela kwentyatyambo, ukutshisa okanye ukutshiswa lilanga, kunye namabala anombala kwixolo okanye kwincam yesikhondo.

ukubola ekugqibeleni kwentyatyambo

Enye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo Ngamachokoza amanzi phezulu okanye kwicala leziqhamo. Amabala aya kwanda, ome kwaye agxumeke ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye athathe ukubonakala kwesikhumba. Esi sifo sibangelwa kukunqongophala kwekhalsiyam kwindawo eqala kumanqanaba ekhalsiyam engonelanga okanye, ngakumbi, xa isiqhamo sikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukufuma komhlaba kungonelanga. Ukunqanda ukubola kweentyantyambo, gcina amanqanaba e-calcium kuluhlu olufanelekileyo kwaye uziqhelanise nolawulo olululo lokufuma.

Ukutshiswa lilanga

Ithishu yonakele kwaye ibonakala imhlophe. Iziqhamo eziluhlaza ezivuthiweyo zichaphazeleka sesi sifo. Ukunqanda ukutshiswa lilanga, khetha iintlobo ezinoqweqwe olulungileyo lwamagqabi ukukhusela iziqhamo, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela iindawo apho izityalo ziya kuthontsiza. Xa isityalo sijinga (iziqu ezigobe ezantsi), isiqhamo sinokuchanabeka kwilanga elithe ngqo, elinokubangela ukutshiswa lilanga.

Amabala amdaka kwipepile

Ichokoza elithi "stip" (amabala anemibala kwiqokobhe) aziqhelekanga njengokubola nokutsha kwebloom. Iimpawu ze "Stip" ngamabala amnyama atshone kancinci kwisiqhamo ("Stip" ithetha "i-freckle" ngesiJamani). Nangona esona sizathu singaziwa, ukunqongophala kwe-calcium kunye ne-nitrogen eninzi kunye ne-potassium kucingelwa ukuba negalelo kwesi sifo. Ukuphepha izithinteli, kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso solawulo lwesondlo esilungileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhetha iindidi ezifanelekileyo ukulawula i "Stip". Amalinge ngoku ayaqhubeka ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neentlobo zepepile ze-Stip-susceptible bell. Le Stip ngunobangela wamachokoza amdaka kwipepile.

Isifo se-Phytophthora

Ngelishwa, esi sifo sitshabalalisayo siye saxhaphaka kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Iimpawu ziquka izilonda ezimnyama, ezifakwe emanzini ezinokuthi zenze imisesane kwiziqu ezisezantsi. Izityalo zibuna ngesiquphe kwaye zife ngokukhawuleza. Amagqabi anokukhula amanxeba aluhlaza amnyama afakwe emanzini awome abe nombala wekopha. Isiqhamo sivelisa amachokoza aluhlaza-mdaka kwaye sibenenkangeleko enamafutha de kuchaphazeleke wonke umphezulu wesiqhamo.

Amaqhinga olawulo lwezityalo aquka ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezixhathisayo, ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo ngendlela eyiyo, ucoceko, ukuhambisa amanzi kakuhle komhlaba, kunye nolawulo olululo lwamanzi.

Ibala leentsholongwane

Iimpawu zamachokoza ebhaktheriya ziquka amachokoza amdaka angqukuva, afakwe emanzini kumagqabi angenawo amabhanti agxininisiweyo okanye iihalos. La mabala anokudibana enze imitya emide emnyama.. Kwiimeko ezinzima ze-ecstasy, amagqabi agobile ezantsi.

Amaqhinga olawulo ngezenzo zenkcubeko aquka ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezixhathisayo, izithole ezingenazifo, kunye nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo kakuhle. Gcina ulawulo lwezondlo olululo kwaye udibanise ngokukhawuleza iintsalela zesityalo emva kokuvuna ukukhawulezisa ukubola kunye nokunciphisa overwintering ibhaktheriya entsimini.

I-anthracnose

Iimpawu zeAnthracnose ziquka amachokoza angqukuva atshoneyo emagqabini kunye neziqhamo ezivuthiweyo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amabala amnyama akhula embindini webala. Amaqhinga olawulo ngokwenza inkcubeko abandakanya ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo kunye nokususwa kweziqhamo kumanqanaba okuqala osulelo entsimini.

Kutheni kuvela amabala amdaka kwipepile?

amabala amdaka kwipepile

Izifo zePhysiological zingxaki ezahlukeneyo kwizifo zepepile kunye nezinambuzane. Zibangelwa yimiba ye-abiotic, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo ngenxa yeemeko ezingafanelekanga zokusingqongileyo. Zinokubangelwa ukunqongophala okanye ukugqithiswa kwezondlo, ingqele okanye ubushushu, imbalela okanye ukuphathwa kakubi konkcenkceshelo okanye ityuwa.

Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba iimeko zonyango zokulinywa kwepepile ezingekho mgangathweni zinokubangela umtsalane wezinambuzane kunye nezifo. Ngokufanelekileyo, kuzo zombini iimeko, ingxaki kufuneka ichongwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kumiselwe izikhokelo kunye nezicwangciso zokunciphisa iingxaki.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga namabala amdaka kunye nepelepele kwaye zeziphi izifo ezibangela oko.


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