Kukho iindidi ngeendidi zendalo ezixuba amanzi amatsha avela emilanjeni kunye namanzi anetyiwa aselwandle. Ezona ndawo ziphambili kwindalo esingqongileyo zezi amachweba. Luhlobo lwe-ecosystem exubeneyo exuba amanzi amatsha avela emlanjeni kunye namanzi anetyiwa aselwandle. Amachweba yimizimba yamanzi evaliwe ngummandla womhlaba owenza unxweme kwaye uvuleleke elwandle. Ke ngoko, zithathwa njengeenkqubo ezivaliweyo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, ukubaluleka, iintlobo, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zamachweba.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Amachweba yindawo yokuhlala esebenza njengendawo yokusabela kwiintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo. Ezi zinto ziphilayo zixhomekeke kwezi zinto eziphilayo ukuze ziphile, zondle kwaye zivelise. Iindidi ezahlukileyo zechweba zahlulwe ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo apho amanzi angena khona. La manzi anokugqibela ngokuhamba Amanzi ayo elwandle, amatheku, afundisiweyo, amachibi, iziqhamo okanye imijelo. Umlomo womlambo uxutywe phakathi kwamanzi amatsha aphuma kumlambo kunye namanzi anetyuwa olwandle. Oku kungqubana kwamanzi anetyuwa eyahlukileyo kubangela inqanaba eliphezulu lokungazinzi.
Namhlanje amachweba asetyenziswa njengeendawo ezithi maxa wambi zisetyenziselwe ukuzonwabisa, ukhenketho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezenzululwazi.Phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphambili kukuba yenye yezona zinto zivelisa indalo iplanethi. Kwaye kulapha ukuba izixa ezikhulu zezinto eziphilayo ziveliswa apho izondlo zifika zivela emhlabeni ezikhukuliswe yimilambo kwelinye icala, izondlo zifika ezikhukuliswe lulwandle.
Ukuba yinkqubo evaliweyo ekhoyo kukho ukutshintshiselana ngezinto ezivela kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingummelwane. Ezi ndawo ngokubanzi ziindawo ezinzulu kwaye oku kuvumela ukukhanya ukuba kungene ngokulula emanzini. Enkosi kwezi meko zendalo, izinga le-photosynthesis kumachweba liphezulu kakhulu. Konke oku kunceda imveliso elungileyo yaseprayimari. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba uninzi lweentlobo ezizityayo Abantu abanjengee-crustaceans, iimollusk kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi zihlala kumachweba.
Esinye sezakhono zeli chweba kukugcina umthamo omkhulu wamanzi ukuthintela izikhukula. Bakwanceda ukukhusela umonakalo elunxwemeni ngexesha lezaqhwithi ezinzima. Ngesi sizathu, zikwabaluleke kakhulu xa kuziwa kulawulo lwabantu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuhamba kwamanzi okuphuma emilanjeni kuthwala amanzi amaninzi kwaye oku kubangela intlenge kunye nongcoliseko oluhlaziyiweyo. Ngombulelo kokuhamba kwamanzi okunamandla ngakumbi, amanzi ahlala ecocekile.
Iindidi zamachweba
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachweba ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu eziphambili. Uhlobo ngalunye lwachweba luchazwa sisiphumo phakathi komthamo wamanzi ophuma emlanjeni ngexesha lomsinga kunye nomthamo wamanzi ovela kulwandle uqobo. Ukusuka koku sinokufumana iintlobo ezininzi zamachweba:
- Ityuwa ezinamachweba: Yenziwa xa isixa samanzi omlambo sikhulu kunesixa samanzi olwandle. Ngale ndlela sinomxube nomaleko otshintshiweyo omncinci phakathi kwamanzi omlambo phezulu kunye neqhekeza lamanzi emazantsi.
- Amachweba akumgangatho ophezulu Kwezi ntlobo zamachweba, isixa samanzi amatsha angena ngaphezulu kunalawo olwandle, kodwa hayi ngobungakanani obunjalo. Ezi meko zibangela ukuba umxube wamanzi phakathi kwemizimba eyahlukeneyo yamanzi agqibe enze umaleko ongaphezulu wetyuwa okoko amaza enza ukuba amanzi olwandle aye kwindawo ephezulu. Xa omabini la manzi exubana, enza umaleko owahlulwe ngokuhlangeneyo.
- Amachweba ahlukaniswe kancinci: zezo apho amanzi omlambo angaphantsi komthamo kunamanzi olwandle. Apha amanzi atshintsha kakhulu ityuwa ngokwahlukileyo kuzo zombini. Kwinqanaba eliphezulu ityuwa iyatshintsha nakwinxalenye esezantsi ngokunjalo. Kungenxa yokuba ukuhamba kolwandle kunzima kakhulu.
- Ichweba elixutywe ngokuthe nkqo: Olu luhlobo lwe-wardrobe apho umthamo wamanzi amatsha ungabalulekanga ngokubhekisele kumthamo wamaza. Apha ulawulo oluphambili lwendleko yesinxibo lubalasele ngetyuwa efanayo. Njengokuba kungekho kunaniselwano lwamanzi, akukho tshintsho kubutyuwa. Akukho stratification esime nkqo kwikholamu yamanzi.
- Umchweba obuyileyo: Luhlobo olunjalo lwachweba apho kungabikho manzi avela emlanjeni. Kungenxa yokuba zikwindawo ezinenqanaba eliphezulu lonyuko. Ukonyuka komphunga kwenza ukuba ubukho betyuwa buphezulu kakhulu. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi, iyazika ngenxa yokonyuka koxinano njengoko inetyiwa eninzi.
- Amachweba ahlala phakathi: zezo zinokuba zezodidi okanye olunye kuxhomekeke kwimvula ebikho ngelo xesha. Kwaye apha kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimvula yomzuzu ngamnye. Ukuba ziphezulu, amanzi aqhutywa ngumlambo aya kuba maninzi.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zamachweba
Amachweba akhiwe ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Uninzi lweentlobo zezityalo ziluhlobo lwasemanzini. I-eneas, iingcongolo kunye ne-bijaos ziyabonakala. Izinto eziphilayo zeMangrove zifumaneka kumachweba amaninzi. Ezi ziintlobo zemithi ezichasene kakhulu neemeko zamanzi amtyuba. Ngaba kunjalo zilungiselelwe umhlaba ofumileyo kwaye kukho malunga ne-70 yeendidi zemithi yemangrove. Imihlume emhlophe, emnyama, ebomvu ningwevu ivelele.
Inxalenye yohlaza olunxulunyaniswa nemangrove yingca yolwandle. Unokufumana iindawo ezinamathafa e-algae kunye nenani elikhulu le-phytoplankton. Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, kukho ukwahluka okukhulu kweentlobo zezilwanyana. Phakathi kwezona zibalasele kakhulu yi-zooplankton kuba kukho ukukhanya okukhulu kwelanga emanzini. Le zooplankton isetyenziswa Intlanzi echwebeni, kubandakanya neherring, isardadi, ii-anchovies, njl.
Kukwakho nenani elikhulu leemollusk, ii-crustaceans, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, iintaka, kunye nezinye izirhubuluzi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga namachweba kunye neempawu zawo eziphambili.