Zombini izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zinxibelelana enye kwenye ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo umzekelo ngokusebenzisa elinye, ukulwela izibonelelo ezifanayo, okanye ukwabelana ngezixhobo ngaphandle kokonakalisa naliphi na iqela.
Olunye lonxibelelwano olunomdla kakhulu kwibhayiloji olwenzekayo yile commensalism. Kwaye, nangona ekuqaleni kunzima ukukholelwa, kwenzeka kakhulu kubukumkani bezityalo.
Yintoni inkululeko?
Ukusebenza ngokukhululekileyo Lulwalamano lwendalo apho elinye iqela lifumana isibonelelo, ngelixa elinye lingonzakaliswanga kodwa lingakwaziyo ukuxhamla. Eli gama livela kwisiLatin Cum mes, okuthetha ukuthi 'ukwabelana ngetafile', nangona siza kubona, akusoloko kunjalo. Umzekelo ocacileyo ngamaxhalanga, izilwanyana ezizondla ngokutya okushiyekileyo okushiywe ngamarhamncwa, afana neengonyama.
Ukuhlala kwindalo kuya kufuneka uphumelele ukuya phambili, kwaye kukho ziphethe ayinakushukunyiswa eyenza ukuba ibe njalo: ziphethe eyomeleleyo. Kuphela ngabo banamandla okuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo ngokukhawuleza kunabanye abasindayo. Ke ngoko, isityalo esisandula ukuntshula kufuneka sikhule ngokukhawuleza ukuba asifuni ukuba izilwanyana ezityisayo okanye ii-microorganisms (umngundo, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane) zisibulale.
Ukuthintela ukufa ngaphambi kwexesha labo, baninzi abaxhamlayo kwabanye ngaphandle kokubenzakalisa.
Iindidi zolawulo
Ngaphandle kohlobo esikuxelele ngalo, kukho ezinye ezintathu ezinomdla kakhulu ukuzazi:
- I-Foresis: kwenzeka xa into ephilayo isebenzisa enye ukuzithutha. Oku kwizityalo akubonakali, kwaye kwahlukile, kuba baphila ngendlela eyahlukileyo yexesha lethu.
- Ukuqesha: kwenzeka xa omnye wababini ebanjwe kwenye. Oku kuqheleke kakhulu kwizityalo ze-epiphytic, ezinjengee-bromeliads ezininzi okanye ii-orchids, ezisebenzisa imithi njengekhaya.
- Metabiosis okanye thanatocresis: kuxa elinye lamaqela lithatha ithuba lentsalela (ilindle, amathambo, izidumbu) lelinye. Umzekelo, kwilizwe lezilwanyana kuninzi okubonwayo phakathi kweenkomo ezihlala zodwa, xa zisebenzisa iqokobhe elingenanto lenkumba. Kubukumkani bezityalo kukwaqhelekile: xa isityalo sife ngokwendalo, izinambuzane kunye nezinto ezincinci zondla kwinxalenye esele ifile.
Imizekelo yokuhamba kwezityalo kwizityalo
I-Commensalism bubudlelwane, ekuqaleni, obunokungafaniyo nezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, kwaye njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Ubungqina boku yile sizakuxelela apha ngezantsi:
Orchids
Zininzi ii-orchids ezikhula kumasebe emithi, njengePhalaenopsis okanye iDendrobium. Iimbewu zayo zincinci kwaye zikhaphukhaphu kangangokuba umoya uzihambisa ngokulula ukuya kumasebe aphezulu, ukwazi ukuhluma ngaphandle kwengxaki apho. Emva kokuba iingcambu zokuqala ziphumile, iiorchid ziyomelela ngakumbi, zibambelele kakuhle emthini ozixhasayo., kodwa ngaphandle kokuyonakalisa.
Izilwanyana (izinambuzane - izityalo)
Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Pouzin Olivier
Izidiliya zizityalo ezikhethekileyo: zikhula kwiindawo apho zifumana khona izakha mzimba ezimbalwa kangangokuba, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ziye zaphuhlisa imigibe eyandayo. Le migibe ingaba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: i-tubular, 'inamazinyo' amakhulu, ineengxowa ezincinci ezifunxa naliphi na ixhoba elincinci ... Umzekelo wolawulo lwentengiselwano, ngokukodwa, lokuhlala ISarracenia purpurea.
Ama-invertebrates amathathu ahlala kwimigibe yakhe (Wyeomyia smithii, Imetriocnemus knabi y Kuya kubakho iperchoshi epinki) otya ixhoba eliwela ezityeni zesityalo. Emva koko S.purpurea inokucola iintsalela ezigxothwe zezi zilwanyana zintathu.
Ukunyuka kwezityalo
Ukunyuka kwezityalo, ezinje ngeepotos okanye clematis, Zizityalo ezixhomekeke kwabanye ukuze zifumane ukukhanya kwelanga. Zihlala zihluma kwindawo ezinomthunzi, ke kufuneka zikhule kwimithi yemithi ukuze zifikelele ekukhanyeni. Nje ukuba bayifumane, kuxa bekhula ngomelele ngakumbi.
Izityalo ezifileyo okanye ezibolayo
Zonke izityalo ziyinxalenye yomjikelo wendalo. Iyantshula, ikhule, ikhule, idubule, inike iimbewu (okanye ii-spores, ezinjengeeferns), ubudala, kwaye ekugqibeleni ife. Kodwa njengamagqabi, iintyatyambo, iziqhamo, njl. baba kukutya kwezinye iintsholongwane: saprophytic fungi. Aba ngabo abo banoxanduva lokugaya.
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