I-nectarine, isiqhamo sohlobo lwePrunus, luhlobo olusandula ukutyalwa lomthi wepesika othi ngokuthe ngcembe uzuze ukuthandwa phakathi kwabathengi. Incasa yayo ebukekayo, ubume oburhabaxa kunye nokukwazi ukuyigcina efrijini kuyenza ibe yenye yezinto ezithandwayo ehlotyeni. I ukulinywa kwe-nectarine Inemiba ethile ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo ukuba sifuna zonke ziwe kwimeko entle.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokulinywa kwe-nectarine kunye nokuba zithini na iimfuno zayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-nectarine
Kwinqanaba lebhotani, i-nectarine yinto eyahlukileyo yomthi wepesika. Lo mthi weziqhamo ubusoloko unxulunyaniswa nomnqamlezo phakathi kweplam kunye nepesika, kodwa akunjalo kuba luhlobo olukhoyo lomthi wepesika, kodwa unokufana okuthile kunye nomthi weplum, kungoko ingxelo.
Owona mahluko mkhulu we-nectarines xa kuthelekiswa neepesika eziqhelekileyo kukuba oonokrwece babo abanayo inkangeleko enoboya kwaye mancinci kancinane ngokomlinganiselo wokugqibela. Kwinqanaba lomthi, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zabo ze-morphological zifana kakhulu, zinemilo ye-spherical kunye nobude obuphakathi kwe-3 ukuya kwi-4 yeemitha.
I-Nectarine yintlobo ekhethekileyo yeepesika. Igama layo lezenzululwazi ngu Iprunus persica var. incindi. kukholelwa ukuba imvelaphi efanayo neepesika kwaye inembali efanayo kunye nobudala bemvelaphi. Ngokomyalelo wemveliso, iChina yenye yabakhiqizi abakhulu, ilandelwa yiItali, iUnited States, iSpain kunye neGrisi.
Ukubonakala komzimba we-nectarine
Umboko
Inkangeleko yakhe ingwevu. Lo mthi unesiqu esinye, kwaye ubume bomthi wenziwe ngesiqu esineziqu zesibini neziphezulu. nokuba kusesiqwini, nokuba kusemasebeni; Inombala othile obomvu odibeneyo kunye negrey yendalo.
Ramos
Kwimithi yeziqhamo, siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamasebe, eziyinxalenye yokusasazwa kweentyatyambo kunye neenkuni. Ukuhlelwa ngokubanzi kwi-nectarines kunye neminye imithi yeziqhamo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Iipacifiers
- ubusika bukaMeyi
- Chiffon
- Iintyatyambo ezixubileyo
izikhupha
Amathupha entyatyambo esiwafumana emasebeni nakumasebe anokuba ziintyatyambo (zityatyambe kwaye zithwale isiqhamo) okanye zibe nemithi (zikhupha izikhondo ezenza izakhiwo ezintsha emthini). Kwi-nectarines, kudla ngokubakho ithupha lenkuni eli-1 elisembindini elingqongwe ziintyatyambo ezi-2 ezisecaleni.
Amagqabi
Amagqabi e-nectarine okanye i-nectarine zifana kakhulu naleyo yeminye imithi yohlobo lwePrunus. Uhlaza olukhanyayo, oluncinci kunye noluncinci, oluneziphelo ezicacileyo kunye neengqungquthela ezithe ngqo ngaphandle kweengqungquthela. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziphakathi kwe-14 kunye ne-18 cm ubude, kunye nobubanzi obuphakathi kwe-4 okanye i-5 cm.
Flores
Iintyatyambo zeNectarine zigxininiswe kwiintyatyambo (iintyatyambo ezi-3 okanye ezi-4) okanye zodwa, iplatycodon (ibell-shaped) okanye ipinki. Umthi uqhakazile, unika intaphane yeentyatyambo ezinxibe ngokupheleleyo intsimi kwimithunzi emhlophe nepinki. Enyanisweni, ngumboniso otsala iindwendwe ezininzi, njengalowo ubanjwe kwiNgingqi yaseMurcia, apho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepesika, i-nectarine, i-almond kunye nemithi ye-almond iboniswa.
Iziqhamo
phakathi kweziqhamo, sifumene umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-nectarines kunye neepesika. Zincinci, zibomvu ngombala kwaye azinaboya, ezona zinto zibalaseleyo zokuhlukanisa.
Ukulinywa kweNectarine
Ukulinywa kweepesika kunye ne-nectarines kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubushushu bendawo ekhulayo. Singatsho ukuba le yeyona nto iphambili yokulungelelanisa xa uthatha isigqibo sokuyityala. Ngumthi okwaziyo ukumelana neengqele. ingakumbi xa umthi usemithini, kwaye unokumelana namaqondo obushushu obuyi -15 ºC okanye ngaphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, ngeentlobo zangaphambili, elona nqanaba linovakalelo lwesityalo kuxa sidubula iintyatyambo, eneneni phakathi kukaFebruwari okanye ekuqaleni kukaMatshi. KwiMeditera, kuba sithetha ngemozulu epholileyo yasebusika, jonga iintlobo ezingafunekiyo ukuba ziqokelele iiyure ezininzi zokubanda, Kungenxa yoko le nto iintlobo ezifuna ngaphantsi kwe-700-750 iiyure zokubanda zihlala zikhula..
Yomibini imithi yeepesika kunye ne-nectarine ingatyalwa kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaba ophakathi. Ezona mveliso zinkulu ziveliswa kumhlaba onokuchuma okuphezulu kunye nokongezwa rhoqo kwezinto eziphilayo. Eyona nto ibangela ukuba iinectarine zibe novakalelo oluphezulu lokufunxa iingcambu, nto leyo edla ngokubangelwa yimihlaba encangathi kakhulu egcina ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nokungaphumi kakuhle kwamanzi.
Ngayiphi na imeko, songeza ubuncinane i-4-5 kg ye-organic matter kwimingxuma yokutyala ngaphambi kokutyala. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzalise i-3 ukuya kwi-4 kg malunga nesiqu rhoqo ngonyaka okanye yonke iminyaka emi-2 ngaphandle kokungcwatywa (umnikelo womphezulu).
iimfuno zokunkcenkceshela
Ngokumalunga nokunkcenkceshela, i-nectarines zineemfuno ezilinganiselweyo. Nangona zininzi iihektare ezilinywayo zomhlaba onemvula, kummandla weMeditera imvula iphantsi kakhulu kwaye ukulima kwayo kunokuqhutywa kuphela phantsi kweemeko zokunkcenkceshelwa.
Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yokunkcenkceshela i-nectarines kukunkcenkceshela nge-drip, usebenzisa imigca emi-2 ye-drippers ehambelana nesiqu esikhulu, i-4 drippers ngomthi ngamnye, ngamnye unomlinganiselo wokuhamba kwe-4 L / h. Ngexesha leenyanga ezifudumeleyo, ukunkcenkceshela kwenziwa phantse yonke imihla kwaye ixesha elide. I-avareji yeeshedyuli zokunkcenkceshela kwimimandla eshushu zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, ngokusekelwe kwizinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokuguquguquka komhlaba, ukumila kokutyala, ubushushu obuphakathi, i-evapotranspiration, nokunye.
Ukugcinwa kweNectarine
Izivuno eziphezulu ze-nectarines zifuna ukubonelela ngezondlo ze-organic kunye neeminerali kulo lonke ixesha lokuvelisa, ukushiya oovimba abalungileyo phambi kobusika ukuze kuqinisekwe iintyatyambo ezifanelekileyo kunye neseti entsha yeziqhamo.
Njengesikhokelo, i-avareji yedosi yonyaka yesi sityalo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Nitrogen: 80-140 kg/ha
- Phosphorus: 50-60 kg/ha
- Potassium: 100-140 kg/ha
Xa iingcambu ziqala ukukhula, ukunikezelwa kwezondlo kuqala ngokuhamba kwamahlumela. Izicatshulwa ze-humus, i-humus engamanzi okanye nayiphi na enye into engamanzi ephilayo ekwimo yekhabhoni ephezulu iyacetyiswa.
Ukufakwa kwamagqabi kuqhelekile phambi kokudubula kweentyatyambo (iintyatyambo zihamba ziye kwi-50% yeentyatyambo ezivulekileyo) kwaye emva kokudubula kweentyatyambo (ama-50% eepetals awela kwisiqhamo), usebenzisa i-biostimulants esekelwe kwi-amino acids, i-algae (impembelelo ye-phytohormones) okanye isityebi kwi-phosphorus, i-boron, i-zinc kunye ne-molybdenum izondlo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokulinywa kwe-nectarine kunye neempawu zayo.