Wonke umntu othanda igadi, kunye nomlimi ngamnye, ufuna ukuba izityalo zabo zibe sempilweni, kodwa zikhule kwaye zivelise iziqhamo. Nangona indalo inokuvunyelwa ukuba ithathe ikhosi yayo ngaphandle kongenelelo oluninzi, kwizitiya nakwiigadi zeziqhamo kusoloko kukhethwa ukufaka imveliso kuzo ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esihle. Enye yazo yi I-nitric acid, ikhemikhali eyakhiweyo abantu abakwaziyo ukuyisebenzisa kwezolimo.
Njengoko kusaziwa, iasidi inokutshabalalisa yonke into, kodwa ukuba iyayithomalalisa inokuba luncedo kakhulu kwizityalo, kuba iba sisichumiso esinefuthe le-nitrogen, isondlo esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwabo.
Iimpawu zeNitric acid
Yinkomfa yemichiza eneasidi enefomula eyiHNO3. Lulwelo olungenambala nolonakalisayo, ukuba alusetyenziswa gwenxa, luyingozi kakhulu, lubangela ukutsha kakhulu. Kodwa, ukuba kwenziwe ngokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo, kuluncedo ekwenzeni izichumisi, eziza kunceda izityalo zikhule ngamandla.
Inokunye ukusetyenziswa okungenanto yakwenza nezolimo, njengokuveliswa kweziqhushumbisi okanye izixhobo zelebhu. Ukongeza, lelinye lamacandelo emvula eneasidi.
Ifumaneka phi?
Njengomdla, ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ifumaneka phi i-nitric acid, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba Inokwenziwa ngokudibanisa idenitrogen pentoxide ngamanzi. Xa kuthengiswa, i-nitric acid concentration iphakathi kwama-52 nama-68%. Xa idlula i-86% sithetha ngokufutha i-nitric acid, enokuba mhlophe okanye bomvu; eyokuqala iqulethe amanzi angaphantsi kwe-1%.
Usebenzisela ntoni?
I-nitric acid isebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, njenge:
- Ukuze ifilimu engaphezulu okanye encinci yenziwe kumbandela ukuze ikhuseleke ngakumbi.
- Ukujonga igolide kunye neplatinum.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezolimo, njengesichumiso esake sancitshiswa ngeasidi yesulfuric kunye neammonia.
Kule ndawo yokugqibela siza kuthetha ngakumbi, hayi ngelize, kuhlala kulungile ukwazi ngakumbi ngezichumisi nezichumisi esinokuzifumana kwimarike.
Yenza ntoni i-nitric acid kwisityalo?
Yimveliso ebonelela nge-nitrogen, okt isondlo esibalulekileyo ukuze sikhule, esiya kuthi ngayo senze isityalo somelele kwaye sisempilweni. Kwaye kunjalo initrogen ibalulekile kwizityalo, kuba ngaphandle kwayo beza kutyhafa kwaye ngokukhawuleza ziya koma.
Kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ine-asidi ye-pH, yiyo loo nto esetyenziswa kwimihlaba enealkali (Akufanele isetyenziswe kwimihlaba ene-asidi, ngokungathi i-pH ibiza kwehla kakhulu izityalo ziya kufa). Ngokunjalo, iphantse isetyenziswe ngokunkcenkceshela ngedriphu ukuze iingcambu zikwazi ukufunxa kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Yeyiphi idosi efanelekileyo?
Kuya kuxhomekeka koxinzelelo kunye nomenzi. Ukuthatha ukuba iqulethe i-58,5% ye-nitric acid, singabeka phakathi kwe-500 kunye ne-1000 ml kwi-1000 yeelitha zamanzi.
Kubalulekile ukuba phambi kokwenza naluphi na unyango sijonge i-pH yomhlaba, kuba ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ukuba i-asidi (6 okanye ngaphantsi), izityalo ziya kutshiswa.
Izinto eziluncedo nezingalunganga ze-nitric acid
Makhe sithethe ngezibonelelo kuqala. Yinkomfa yeasidi, ke iluncedo ekucoceni iidropha. Iyanyibilika ngokupheleleyo emanzini, kwaye ikwalulwelo, inokusetyenziswa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokulula.
Ngokubhekisele kusilelo lwayo, kufuneka yaziwe ukuba ngenxa yokuba i-asidi, amanyathelo othintelo kufuneka athathwe zombini xa uhambisa kunye nokuyisebenzisa. Kwaye inenitrogen kuphela, ke kufuneka ixutywe nezinye izakha-mzimba ezifana ne-phosphorus kunye / okanye i-potassium.
Siyathemba ukuba ibikukunika umdla.