Phytophthora

I-Phytopthora infestans yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo

P. iintsana

Ii<em>fungus zezona ntsholongwane zibangela owona monakalo mkhulu kwizityalo, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yokuba zisebenza ngokukhawuleza kodwa nangenxa yokuba xa sifumanisa ukuba kukho undonakele, kudla ngokuba kusemva kwexesha kakhulu ukuzibuyisela. Kuzo zonke, eyona nto yaziwayo I-Phytopthora.

Olu luhlobo okhe weva ngalo ngelinye ixesha, kwaye ukuba akunjalo ... emva kokufunda eli nqaku uya kuqikelela ukuba kutheni ndithetha oku. Kodwa hayi, ayizukuba kuphela kwento oyaziyo. Kwakhona Uya kufunda ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye nomonakalo obangelwayo, kunye nento onokuyenza ukuyiphelisa kunye / okanye ukuyithintela.

Yintoni na?

IPhytopthora inokubulala isityalo

I-Phytopthora luhlobo lwamakhowa eyaziwa ngokuba yiphytophthora. Igama lesayensi livela kwi-Greek phytón, elithetha "isityalo" kunye ne "pthorá" eliguqulela ngokuthi "umtshabalalisi wezityalo." Le microorganism ukuba uhlala emhlabeni kwaye, njengazo zonke iintlobo zolu hlobo lwabantu abaphilayo, indawo efudumeleyo nefumileyo iyathanda.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, eyona ibalulekileyo yile ilandelayo:

  • P.alni: lonto ibolisa iingcambu ze alder.
  • P. icactorum: ukubola iingcambu ze-azaleas kunye ne-rhododendrons.
  • P. cinnamomi: ukubola iingcambu zezityalo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlobisa, ezifana ne-azaleas, i-rhododendrons, i-yews, i-Chamaecyparis, njl.
  • P. fragariae: bolisa iingcambu zequnube.
  • P. iintsana: ukubola iingcambu zezityalo ezininzi ze-horticultural, kuquka iitapile.
  • P. palmivora: kubolisa iziqhamo zomthi wekhokhonathi kunye nebetel palm.
  • P. ramorum: yosulela ngaphezu kwama-60 uhlobo lwezityalo, kuquka iQuercus, ebangela ukufa ngequbuliso.
  • P.quercina: kubangela ukufa kwi-oki kwakhona.
  • P.soyae: ibolisa iingcambu zesoya.

Zigula njani izityalo?

Banokukwenza ngeendlela ezininzi:

Ngenxa yokunkcenkceshela okugqithisileyo

Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kuzenza buthathaka kakhulu izityalo

Ukunkcenkceshela ngomnye weyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo ekufuneka wonke umlimi okanye umlimi awazi kwaye alawule, ukusukela oko xa unkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo okwenzekayo kukuba iingcambu ziphelelwe yioksijini, ngokoqobo. Ngenxa yoko, baye baba buthathaka kwaye iPhytopthora kuxa bethatha ithuba lokuzosulela.

Ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo

Ngamanye amaxesha inokunkcenkceshelwa xa ibamba, kodwa ukufuma kuphezulu kakhulu ukuba ezinye izityalo zikwazi ukunyamezela. Umzekelo, i-succulents (i-cacti, i-succulents, kunye ne-caudiciforms) ekhule kwiindawo ezifumileyo ithanda ukubola lula, njengoko Ukufuma kuvala imingxuma yeziqu / amagqabi, kunye nefungi ezihlala kwi-substrate / umhlaba onje nge-phytophthora zithatha ithuba lemeko..

Ngezixhobo ezingacocekanga / ngezandla

Kuqhelekile ukuqalisa ukuthena izityalo ngaphandle kokuba uqale ngokubulala iintsholongwane izixhobo, kwaye nangaphandle kokuhlamba izandla zethu. Kwaye oku kuyimpazamo. Kufuneka ucinge ukuba nangona singaziboni, zikhona kwaye ukuba asifuni ukuba izityalo zethu zigule, Ngumsebenzi wethu ukukhathalela ukugcinwa kunye nokucocwa kwento esiyisebenzisa ukuthena, kunye nococeko lwethu..

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaba / i-substrate yosulelekile

Ukuba, umzekelo, sityala umthi emhlabeni apho bekukho usulelo lwePhytophtora, siya kuba semngciphekweni wokuwugulisa. Okufanayo ukuba asisebenzisi i-potrate substrates ezintsha. Ngoba? Kuba nokuba isityalo sisempilweni kangakanani na, Ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-fungus ibona isibonakaliso esincinci sobuthathaka, iya kungena ngokukhawuleza kwiingcambu zayo.

Ziintoni iimpawu kunye / okanye umonakalo?

Amabala amagqabi asenokuba ziimpawu zePhytopthora

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Mary Ann Hansen, iVirginia Polytechnic Institute kunye neYunivesithi yaseState, eUnited States

Xa iPhytopthora ibone ithuba lokuchaphazela izityalo, into yokuqala esiya kuyibona kukuba ziya kuqala ukubonisa iimpawu ezifanayo nezo zokungabikho kwamanzi: iingcebiso zamagqabi omileyo, igqabi, intyatyambo neziqhamo ziyawa, ukukhula kuyacotha. Kwaye ke, xa sibona oku, senze ntoni? Sinkcenkceshela ngakumbi…, yimpazamo leyo.

Le microorganism yosulela iingcambu, inqumle unikezelo lokutya ekugqibeleni lubangele ukufa.

Unyango lwePhytopthora

Thintelo

Ngenxa yokuba isebenza ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunzima ukuyiyeka. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sigxile ekuthinteleni kwayo, okuya kubandakanya:

  • Izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi nasemva kokusetyenziswa ngamathontsi ambalwa omatshini wokuhlamba izitya.
  • Lawula iingozi. Xa ungathandabuzeki, soloko ujonga ukufuma komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba unkcenkceshele, mhlawumbi ngemitha yokufuma yedijithali okanye ngokufaka intonga yomthi obhityileyo (ukuba iphuma ngomhlaba omninzi oqhotyoshelwe kuyo, asiyi kumanzisa).
  • Ukuthenga izityalo ezinempilo. Kangangoko siyithanda into ethile, ukuba inento ekungafanelekanga ukuba ibe nayo (amagqabi abolileyo kunye / okanye anebala, uthuli olumhlophe okanye olungwevu, izinambuzane) siya kuyishiya apho ikhona, kungenjalo iya kosulela abo sinabo ekhaya. .
  • Sebenzisa i-substrate entsha. Ngenzuzo yezityalo.
  • Ukubulala iintsholongwane kumhlaba oye wangcoliswa, kunye nendlela ye ukujikeleza ilanga umzekelo.

"Ukuphelisa"

I-phytophthora ibolisa iingcambu kunye neziqu

Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Scot Nelson

Ndiyibeke kwiingcaphuno ngenxa yento esiyithethileyo: kunzima ukubuyisela isityalo esosulelwe yiPhytopthora. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka. Yale into eyenziwayo kukusebenzisa iFosetil-Al (Aliette), eyinkqubo ye-fungicide ebonakalise ukuba isebenza kakhulu.

Isetyenziswa ngokutshiza, ukumanzisa isityalo kakuhle, okanye ngokukhukula. Singayifumana apha. Umthamo uya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesityalo esichaphazelekayo:

  • Ingca: fafaza nge-backpack, i-diluting malunga ne-150g yemveliso kwi-10l yamanzi.
  • Imithi yokuhombisa kunye neziqhamo: umthamo ngu-25g nge-10l yamanzi, ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcambu ngokunkcenkceshela.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ufunde okuninzi malunga nale fungus, kwaye uyazi ukuba ungayinyanga njani 🙂.


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