Yintoni ii-cycads?

Ngaba uyazi ukuba zeziphi izityalo zecycad? Ngegama unokucinga ngalo i-cica, enegama lakhe lenzululwazi Icycas revoluta, ityholwana elinywa kakhulu kwiigadi kunye neembiza, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe ulahleke. Ngapha koko, lolunye lweentlobo ezenza le ntsapho yaqala ukuvela kwayo ngaphambi kokuba iidinosaurs zenze iminyaka engama-300 yezigidi eyadlulayo.

Zonke ziyafana, kodwa inyani kukuba xa uqala ukubathelekisa uyabona ukuba baneenkcukacha ezincinci ezibenza bahluke.

Imvelaphi kunye neempawu zeecycads

Abalinganiswa bethu Zizityalo zokuqala, ezinemvelaphi yazo ibuyela kwiPermian, Kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezingama-300 eyadlulayo kwaye yafikelela kwincopho yobuninzi nokwahluka kwiMesozoic, oko kukuthi, malunga neminyaka engama-250 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha ii-dinosaurs zazisele zihlala eMhlabeni, kwaye babebaninzi abondla ii-cycads.

Okwangoku, zikhula ngokwendalo kwi-Southern Hemisphere, njengaseMexico, kuMbindi Merika, eOstreliya, eMzantsi Merika, okanye kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika. Nangona ukwahluka kwayo kweentlobo kusenomdla kakhulu, kwaye kwamkelwe ezingama-300, ngelishwa zininzi ezisengozini okanye ezisendleleni yokuphela.

Ziye zahlelwa kwiqela lezityalo zejimnosperm, igama eliguqulela "njengembewu ehamba ze" elibhekisa kukungakhuselwa kwayo. Kwaye yile, ngokungafaniyo nee-angiosperms, imbewu iyavezwa ukusuka kumzuzu wokuqala apho baqala khona ukukhula; Oku kuthetha ukuba abanalo iqokobhe okanye ezifanayo ukubakhusela.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

IiAngiosperms kunye neejimnosperms

Udidi lwee cycads

IiCycads zizonke Iintsapho ezi-2, ezenziwa zizigaba ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-11 ezineentlobo ezingama-300. Uhlobo lwayo lwezityalo olwamkelekileyo lolona luphuhliswe ngo-2011

• Umyalelo: IiCycadales.
  • Intsapho yaseCycadaceae. Malunga neentlobo ezili-107, ezizalelwe eMpuma Afrika, eJapan nase-Australia.
    Imizekelo: Zonke ii-cycas.
  • Intsapho yaseZamiaceae: Kukho iintlobo eziyi-9 ezineentlobo ezingama-206, ezivela kwi-tropical ne-subtropical Afrika, e-Australia naseMelika.
    Imizekelo: iDioon, iBowenia, iMacrozamia, iLepidozamia, i-Encephalartos, iStangeria, iCeratozamia, iMicrocycas kunye neZamia.

Zisebenzisa ntoni?

Umhlobiso

Iiccycad zizityalo ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengezityalo zokuhombisa. Zifana nemithi yesundu-nangona zizityalo ezahluke kakhulu-, kananjalo Kulula kakhulu ukuzinyamekela.

Ezityiwayo

Isiqu kunye nembewu ye iiCycas ukuvelisa isitatshi ebizwa ngokuba yi-sago okanye i-sago ethi, emva kokuba ifumene unyango lokuphelisa ityhefu, inokusetyenziswa.

Ziziphi iimpawu zakho eziphambili?

Ezi zizityalo ezinomboko inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama kunye nobunzima beesentimitha ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-40. Isithsaba ngamagqabi aphinekileyo acwangciswe ngokujikeleza kwaye ahlala ephakathi kwe-2 kunye ne-4 yeemitha ubude.

Ukuphindaphinda, baye bavelisa i-strobili okanye ii-cones ezibandakanya i-axis kunye namagqabi athwala ii-ovules (megasporophils) ukuba ziimodeli zabasetyhini okanye kumagqabi athwala impova (microsporophylls) ukuba angamadoda. Ezi zakhiwo zilubhelu ngombala, ezo zeesampulu zamadoda zihlala zikhulu kunezo zabasetyhini.

Iimbewu zihlala zipinki, orenji okanye bomvu, imibala ekhokelela ekutsaleni izilwanyana ezinje ngeefudo okanye amalulwane, eziya kuzikhathalela ukuzigcina zikude kwizityalo ezingoomama, zizise kwizindlu zazo. Abanye baya kusebenza njengokutya, kodwa abaninzi baya kuhluma.

Iindidi zecycad zegadi

Ukuba ufuna ezinye, siza kuthetha ngezona zidumileyo:

Icycas circinalis

Ebizwa ngokuba yi-queen sago, i-cica ebukekayo okanye iicicas ezinamagqabi amade, luhlobo lwendalo eSri Lanka, apho inokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-6 ukuphakama. Amagqabi aluhlaza ocacileyo, afikelela kwiimitha ezingama-2,4

Iyachasa ubuthathaka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iqabaka ukuya kuthi ga ku -2ºC

Icycas revoluta

Eyaziwa njengecica, sago okanye isaga yokwenyani yaseIndiya, luhlobo lwendalo kumazantsi eJapan oko Unokufikelela kubude beemitha ezi-7, nangona into eqhelekileyo kukuba ingagqithi kwi-3-4 yeemitha kulimo. Amagqabi aluhlaza kwaye afikelela kwi-130 yeesentimitha ubude.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -11ºC.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

ICica

UDioon edule

Iyaziwa njenge-chamal, kwaye imvelaphi yayo isuka eMexico. Ikhula ukuya kubude beemitha ezi-3-4, inamagqabi ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha eziyi-150 ubude. Ayinameva.

Inqaba ukuya kwi -4ºC.

Encephalartos woodii

Ibizwa ngokuba yi-Wood's cycad, kwaye ixhaphake eNatal eMzantsi Afrika. Inokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-6 ukuphakama, kunye nesiqu ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha ezingama-50 ububanzi. Amagqabi made, kwaye anokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-2,5 ubude.

Inqanda ukubanda, kodwa hayi iqabaka.

UZamia furfuracea

Ebizwa njengeFlorida arrowroot, sisityalo esiqhelekileyo kumazantsi mpuma eVeracruz, eMexico. Ifikelela kubude obuphezulu be-1 yemitha, ngomboko wesilinda omalunga neesentimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi.. Amagqabi aluhlaza kwaye apinki, kwaye amaphetshana abanzi kunezinye ii-cycads.

Iyamelana neqabaka phantsi ukuya -3ºC.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Zamia, i-cycad eyahlukileyo

Ucinga ntoni ngezi zityalo? Ngaba uyazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zayo? Siyathemba ukuba ufunde lukhulu ngazo ukuze uzonwabele egadini yakho.