Iidatom

Iidayatom zizidalwa ezincinci esinokuzifumana ezilwandle, kumgxobhozo nakwimilambo. Azibonwa ngamehlo, kodwa ngenxa yemikroskopu ekhethekileyo kunokwenzeka ukwahlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngapha koko, kuye kwafunyanwa ezingama-20.000 XNUMX.

Zonke ziyinxalenye yephytoplankton, eyenziwe ngothotho lwezinto eziphila emanzini ezenza ifotosinthesisi. Zibaluleke kakhulu kubomi eMhlabeni, njengoko zivelisa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seoksijini esiyiphefumlayo, kwaye zifunxa isixa esikhulu sekhabhon dayoksayidi (malunga neegigatoni ezili-10 ngonyaka ngokweNational Geographic).

Ziziphi ii-diatoms kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zazo?

Iidatom ubukhulu becala zii-algae ezincinci Elilungu leqela elikhulu leHeterokontophyta. Inayo i-algae emdaka kunye ne-heterotrophic, efana zintso. Azinayo iflagella, ke uninzi lweentlobo zezinto eziphilayo azinako ukuzihambela; nangona zikhona ezinye ezinako, ngokungena kwisivumelwano kudonga lwesisele sabo.

Ziqhele ukwenziwa ngeseli enye, nangona kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba kukho ezinye ezenza imixokelelwane yeeseli, ezinjengezo zohlobo lweFragillaria. Yintoni egqithisile, inodonga lweseli, ekuthiwa yi-frustula, ekhusela i-nucleus yenziwe nge-silica, Esinye sezinto ezenziwa ngabantu ukwenza iglasi. Ubume bayo buyahluka, kodwa ungabona iindawo ezimbini ezahlukileyo ezahlulahlula.

Ukuthintela ukuntywila, izinto ezininzi ezenziwayo kukulawula ii-lipids ezinazo ngaphakathi kweseli. Yintoni egqithisile, njengoko bathambekele ekwenzeni imixokelelwane, umngcipheko wokuntywila usezantsi. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ngale ndlela banokufumana ukukhanya ngakumbi kwaye, ngayo, benza ifotosinthesisi.

Nje ukuba idiatom isweleke, nokuba kungenxa yokuba ifikelele esiphelweni sobomi bayo okanye ngenxa yokuba ityisiwe, iwela elwandle, apho ihleli khona. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko i-diatom iyanda emhlabeni, ii-diatomites kunye ne-moronites zenza amatye e-sedimentary.

Kukholelwa ukuba yavela kwixesha leJurassic, malunga neminyaka engama-200 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ngoku izidumbu ezindala zafunyanwa ePaleogene, oko kukuthi, malunga nezigidi ezingama-66 zeminyaka eyadlulayo.

Zenzelwe ntoni?

Iidatom ziintsholongwane ezithi Banokusinceda ukuba sazi ukuba yintoni umgangatho wamanzi, okanye ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu luyichaphazela njani imeko yasemanzini njengolwandle. Ngaphezu koko, isifundo sabo siyasivumela ukuba sifumanise ukuba ezi ndawo zitshintshe njani kule minyaka idlulileyo.

Olunye usetyenziso mhlawumbi olungaziwa kangako yile ukuvelisa ipetroli. Kwaye ukuba ii-diatoms zi-oleaginous algae, ezomiswe ngamanzi emva koko zithotyelwe kuthotho lonyango ukukhupha onke amacandelo. Nje ukuba yenziwe, ioyile efunyenweyo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-biodiesel.

Kodwa kwakhona unezicelo ezininzi egadini, kuba umhlaba we-diatomaceous yi-insecticide esebenzayo ephelisa ezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo, ezinjengee-aphids, spider mites, mealybugs nkqu iintakumba. Into eyenzayo kukugqobhoza umzimba wesinambuzane, sibangele ukuba ife singenamanzi. Ngokwamava am, isebenza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye okokugqibela ayishiyi ntsalela.

Kwakhona, lo mhlaba unomdla wokuthambisa njengomgquba, kuba iidatom ziqulathe izondlo ezininzi, ezi:

• IiMacronutrients: i-nitrogen, i-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus.
• Izondlo zesekondari: i-magnesium, isulfure kunye ne-calcium.
• Izinto ezilandelwayo: phakathi kwezinye, iqulethe ubhedu, isinyithi, i-boron, i-molybdenum kunye ne-zinc.

Zizala njani?

Iidatom zivelisa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: iziqheloOko kukuthi, ngokwahlula-hlula iiseli, kwaye nakwi zesondo emva kwezizukulwana ezininzi, ukuvelisa iigetet eziphela zidityaniswa ukwenza i-spores (eya kuthi ibe "yimbewu" yezi algae).

Ezi spores zikhuselwe kakhulu yimbumba yendalo, ke ngoko zinokukhula ngaphandle kobunzima, ngaloo ndlela ziqale isizukulwana esitsha sedayatom. Ewe kunjalo, kufuneka uyazi ukuba, njengoko kusenzeka kwizityalo ezininzi eziphantsi koxinzelelo lwalo naluphi na uhlobo (ubushushu / ukubanda, ukunqongophala okanye ukugqitha kwezakhamzimba, njl.njl.) ezi ziya kuhluma kuphela xa iimeko ziphucuka.

Yintoni indawo yokuhlala kwediatoms?

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-diatom lukhetha indawo yokuhlala eyahlukileyo. Umzekelo, iipennadas, ezingala macala macala macala alinganayo, siya kuzifumana emanzini acocekileyo; endaweni yoko I-centric, ezo zine-symmetry ye-radial kunye nezo zihlala zingahambi, zikhetha ulwandle.

Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba ukhathalele iilwandle, kunye nomhlaba. Ayisiyiyo kuphela idiatom, kodwa kwanathi. Khumbula ukuba zivelisa ngaphezu kwe-50% yeoksijini ekufuneka siyiphefumle. Kungabonakala kububuxoki ukuba into enqabileyo engaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-2 ububanzi inokubaluleka ebomini, kodwa iiklasi njengoko iNational Geographic ibonakalisa njalo.

Kwaye nangona bengenalo, ndicinga ukuba ukuba siyawukhathalela uMhlaba, siya kuzikhathalela. Kuba likhaya lethu kuphela.