Umfanekiso - Wikimedia / Hedwig Storch
Los iifeni zomthi Zizinye zezona zityalo zimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni: isiqu sazo sincinci okanye sincinci, kodwa amagqabi aso angadlula ngokulula kwiimitha ezimbini ubude. Ukusuka mgama, zikhangeleka ngathi yimithi yesundu, nangona kungekho nto inokudideka ngayo kuba ayinanto ifanayo (iintende zezityalo ze-angiosperm, kunye neeferns zii-gymnosperms).
Ezi zityalo nazo ezindala kakhulu; ngaphezulu, iifosili ezimalunga ne-420 yezigidi zeminyaka zifunyenwe. Azivelisi iintyatyambo, kodwa oko akuzange kubayekise ekubeni zezinye zezona zityalo zintandokazi kwizitiya, iipatio kunye namabala. Emva koko ndiza kukwazisa kwezona ntlobo zidumileyo.
Yintoni iferns?
Ifern ngu Isityalo sejimnosperm ephawulwa ngokuba namagqabi amakhulu (amagqabi), ahlala ekhonkxiwe, ahlala eluhlaza ngombala. Banokuthi okanye bangabinaso isiqu esisebenza njengesiqu, esenziwe yirhizome yeengcambu. Bazala kwakhona ngama-spores, aveliswa kwii-sporophylls, kwaye ezi zifumaneka ngaphantsi kwepinnae, kwaye zibukeka ngathi:
Uyawabona la machaphaza abomvu krwe? Ziyinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-sporophylls, apho kuvela khona i-spores.
Bahlala phi?
Iiferns bahlala kwimimandla enomthunzi kunye nokufuma zehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweeferns zomthi zikhula kuphela kwezo zinemozulu eshushu okanye eshushu (kubandakanya neetropiki).
Iindidi zemithi yefeni yegadi okanye imbiza
IBlechnum gibbum
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-blecno okanye i-fern eyomeleleyo, yifern yaseNew Caledonia ebonakala ngokuba nesithsaba esixineneyo, esineemitha ezi-3-4 zemifuno eluhlaza eluhlaza. Umboko wayo mfutshane, ukuya kuthi ga kwimitha enye ukuphakama malunga neesentimitha ezingama-20 ubukhulu.
Ukulima kwayo kulula kakhulu: kufuna umhlaba ochumileyo, ofumileyo (ungayivumeli ukuba yome ngokupheleleyo ehlotyeni), kwaye ngokungathi ayonelanga, iyamelana neqabaka ezibuthathaka (ukuya kuthi ga -3ºC) kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (38ºC) .
ICyathea australis
Umfanekiso -Flickr / Pete Imbongi
Yaziwa njenge fern yomthi okrwada, sisityalo esizalelwe kumazantsi mpuma eQueensland, eNew South Wales, nasezantsi eVictoria e-Australia. Inokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-12 ukuphakama, kunqabe iimitha ezingama-20, ngesiqu somthi esimalunga ne-30cm. Amagqabi made, ziimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ubude, umphezulu ophezulu uluhlaza mnyama kwaye ezantsi ngaphantsi ziluhlaza.
Ikhulile zombini egadini nasezimbizeni, enomhlaba ochumileyo noxutywe kakuhle. Ukuhamba rhoqo kokunkcenkceshela kufuneka kubephezulu, kuba ayimelani nembalela. Kwelinye icala, ithwala iiqabaka ezibuthathaka ezantsi ukuya -3ºC ukuba zifika ngexesha kwaye zifutshane.
ICyathea arborea
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Xemenendura
Eyaziwa njenge-fern enkulu okanye intonga ye-shrimp, yifern native kwi-Antilles inokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-9 ukuphakama, nesiqu esibhityileyo phakathi kwe-7 ne-13cm ubukhulu. Amagqabi afikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezine, kwaye aluhlaza.
Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, ukulima kwayo kubuthathaka. Hlala ngaphandle kuphela kwiindawo ezinemozulu ezifumileyo, ngaphandle kweqabaka. Inokugcinwa ngaphakathi endlwini, umzekelo kwipatiyo yangaphakathi, ikhuselwe elangeni. Ifuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo.
ICyathea cooperi
Umfanekiso-Wikimedia / Amanda Grobe
Eyaziwa njenge-Queensland Tree Fern, i-Australian Tree Fern, i-Lace Tree Fern, i-Scaly Tree Fern, okanye i-Cooper Tree Fern, isityalo sase-Australia. Ikhula ukuya kwi-15 yeemitha ukuphakama, Ngobunzima bomboko obufikelela kwi-30cm. Amagqabi ayo aluhlaza, ubude be-4-6 yeemitha ubude.
Ingakhuliswa kumthunzi omncinci kwimiyezo kunye nomhlaba ocebileyo kunye neembiza ezinkulu kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo. Iyamelana neqabaka efikelela kwi -4ºC ukuba ifika ngexesha kwaye ifutshane. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba kula maqondo obushushu anokulahla amahlamvu, kodwa iphinde ichache kakuhle entlakohlaza. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (30, 35 okanye 38ºC) awakuchaphazeli xa unomhlaba ofumileyo.
ICyathea dealbata
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / CT Johansson
Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthi we-silver fern, i-silver fern, i-kaponga, okanye i-pong, isityalo esiqhelekileyo eNew Zealand. Ingadlula kwi-10 yeemitha ukuphakama, Isithsaba esishinyeneyo esenziwe ngamagqabi ama-4 eemitha ubude, amhlophe okanye isilivere emazantsi. Umboko wayo awudluli kwiisentimitha ezingama-30.
Inkathalo ayifunayo iyafana naleyo kadadewabo c.cooperiUmhlaba ochumileyo okanye i-substrate, ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, kunye nokuba kwindawo enemozulu epholileyo. Iyamelana neqabaka ezibuthathaka ezantsi ukuya kwi-2ºC, nangona ikhetha ukungalahli ngaphantsi kwe-0º.
ICyathea medullaris
Eyaziwa ngokuba ngumthi omnyama wefern, ixhaphake eNew Zealand. Ikhula ukuya kubude beemitha ezi-6-7, ngomboko omnyama ngokupheleleyo ongakhuli ngaphezu kwe-35cm. Amagqabi awo okanye amagqabi afikelela kwiimitha ezintlanu.
Sisityalo ekulula ukusikhathalela, esidinga imozulu efudumeleyo, ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, kunye nomhlaba ocebileyo ngezinto eziphilayo.
UDicksonia antarctica (ngoku IBalantium antarcticum)
umfanekiso - Flickr / Jungle Garden
Eyaziwa ngokuba yiDicksonia, yinzalelwane yase-Australia, ngakumbi iNew South Wales, iTasmania neVictoria. Unokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-15 ukuphakama, nangona into eqhelekileyo kukuba azidluli kwiimitha ezi-5. Umboko wayo uqina kangange 30cm, kwaye uthweswe ngamagqabi amade kakhulu ee-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zeemitha.
Kuqhelekile ukuyifumana kwiigadi ezinemozulu epholileyo, ezinemozulu epholileyo (kunye nobuninzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30ºC) kunye nokufuma. Ifuna umhlaba otyebileyo ngezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokunkcenkceshela rhoqo. Ukulinywa kwayo kwiMeditera akukhuthazwa ngenxa yokunyamezeleka okuphantsi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ubuncinci be-35-38ºC) enayo. Ngaphandle koko, iyamelana neqabaka ukuya kwi -5ºC.
Idicksonia enomdla
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / CT Johansson
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-golden fern, yifern yaseNew Zealand leyo ifikelela kwiimitha ezingama-6 ukuphakama, Ngobunzima bomboko obuyi-30cm. Amagqabi okanye amagqabi ziimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 ubude, ke ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona mithi zincinane zomthi.
Ukulima kwayo kubandakanya ukuba nayo kumhlaba ochumileyo, ofunxekileyo, kunye nomhlaba ofumileyo. Kufuneka unkcenkceshele rhoqo. Iyachasa ubuthathaka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iqabaka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2ºC.
Indlela yokukhulisa iiferns zomthi?
Iiferns zomthi zizityalo ezithi, nangona zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zifuna ukhathalelo olufanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uthenga umzekelo iBlechnum kwaye kamva ufumane iCyathea, ndiqinisekile phantse iipesenti ezili-100 ukuba zombini ziya kuba luxabisekileyo ukuba ubakhathalele ngale ndlela:
- Ubicación:
- Ngaphandle: yibeke kwindawo eqaqambileyo, kodwa ikhuselwe elangeni ngqo. Ngokufanelekileyo, yibeke emthunzini womthi omkhulu - kunye nesithsaba esibanzi - okanye phantsi komnatha wokufiphaza.
- Ngaphakathi: igumbi kufuneka likhanye, ngaphandle koyilo.
- Unkcenkceshelo: rhoqo, ngakumbi ehlotyeni. Kuya kufuneka ugcine umhlaba ufumile ngaphandle kwasebusika okanye ukuba unayo ngaphakathi, xa kubhetele ukuwuyeka wome kancinci. Sebenzisa amanzi angenalayini ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwaye ungamanzisisi amagqabi.
- Umbhalisi: entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni ngezichumisi zendalo, ezinje iguano (kwintengiso apha).
- Ukutyala okanye ukutshintsha ixesha: Entwasahlobo, xa amaqondo obushushu asezantsi enyuka ngaphezu kwe-15ºC.
- Iindyikitya zokufa nezifo: zichasene kakhulu. Kodwa kuya kufuneka ulawule ubungozi, kwaye ukuba imeko-bume yomile kwaye ishushu, e mealybugs.
- Ukuphindaphinda: ngee-spores entwasahlobo, ekufuneka zigcinwe ebhedini ecaleni komthombo wobushushu.
Kuphi ukuthenga iiferns zomthi?
Ezi zityalo zihlala zithengiswa kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana, kodwa ngamava am Ndikucebisa ukuba ukhangele kwi-Intanethi iivenkile okanye iivenkile ezikwi-Intanethi ezingabavelisi kwaye zinikezelwe ekuthengiseni.
Lumka kakhulu xa uthenga iisampulu ezinkulu, njengoko zinokubiwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwiindawo zabo zokuhlala. Ukuthintela ukuthatha umngcipheko, soloko ujonga iisampulu ezincinci, ngaphandle komboko, kuba ngale ndlela uyaqinisekisa ukuba ezi zithole zifunyenwe zii-spores.
Kwaye oku sigqibile. Yeyiphi kweeferns yomthi oyibonileyo oyithandileyo?