IGírgolas: iimpawu

Iiglolas ziluhlobo lwe amakhowa ezinokulinywa kamva ukulungiselela ezinye iiresiphi zokupheka ezimnandi. Igama layo lenzululwazi ngu IPleurotus ostreatus kwaye isasazwa ngokubanzi kuzo zonke iimeko zendalo ezingaguqulwanga kakhulu zizandla zomntu. Kule posi siza kukuxelela malunga nazo zonke iipropathi ezinazo iiglolas, kunye nendlela ezikhule ngayo kunye neemfuno eziyimfuneko zokuyigcina.

Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngala makhowa? Funda ukuze ufunde yonke into.

Iimpawu eziphambili

IGírgolas inempawu ekhethekileyo kwaye yiyo loo nto Bayakwazi ukukhula kwiindawo eziphilayo okanye ezifileyo zezityalo ezingathathi ntweni kwizakhamzimba kunye neevithamini. Benza oku ngokuthoba isidima sezinto eziphilayo. Ngokubanzi, bondla kwiselulosi kunye ne-lignin abayisusayo kwi-substrate.

Ndiyabulela ubukhulu bokukwazi ukukhula kwiindawo apho kukho ezinye izityalo ezingathathi ntweni kwizakhamzimba okanye kwiindawo ezifileyo, inokukhula phantse kuwo nawuphi na umhlaba. Kuyenzeka ukuba ubabone bekhula kwimiqolo efana nezinye iintsalela zezolimo, iindiza, iingcongolo, iindiza kunye namakhoba kajongilanga. Bafuna kuphela iimeko ezincinci ukuba zikhule kwaye ayifuni kakhulu, ngenxa yoko amandla okusinda aphezulu.

Umnqwazi ongowakho unako zinobukhulu obuqala kwi-5 ukuya kwi-15 cm. Xa uzibona zikhule kakuhle, ziyafana neemilo zeambrela. Ukwazi ukuba isencinci, kuya kufuneka ujonge ukuba umphezulu wayo uthambile kwaye, njengoko ikhula, iyabhabha de ifikelele ebudaleni. Umzimba ovelisa iziqhamo awuqhelekanga ngombala onokwahluka ukusuka kungwevu okhanyayo ukuya kumdaka mnyama. Singazifumana iisampulu ngee-shades ezahluka phakathi kwale mibala mibini.

Ngokumalunga ne-lamellae, sinokuthi zibanzi kwaye zimhlophe mhlophe. Zahlula-hlulwe ngokubanzi komnye nomnye. Kukule lamellae apho ii-spores ezifunekayo ukuze zivelise le fungus. Iimbewu ezizivelisayo zingwevu okhanyayo ngombala kwaye zikhutshwe ukuya phezulu kumnqwazi. Unyawo olufutshane kwaye abanakuba njalo.

Umjikelo wokuzala kunye nexabiso lesondlo

Ukuze le fungus iqale ixesha lokuzala kwakhona, umntu omdala kufuneka aqale ukukhupha ii-spores. Kule meko, ukufuma okufanelekileyo kunye neqondo lobushushu liyafuneka ukuze ikhule kwaye ikhuphe i-hypha. Le hypha iqala ukukhula kwaye yenze i-mycelium apho ikhowa ikhula kancinci kancinci.

Kunokuthiwa umjikelo wokuvelisa uphinde uphele xa iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo zikhupha iintsholongwane kwakhona ukuqala ukuhluma kwakhona. Eli xesha lihlala lihlala phakathi kweeveki ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-8 kwiimeko zazo ezifanelekileyo.

Ixabiso lesondlo liyahluka kancinci kuxhomekeke ekubeni zilinyiwe na okanye iigyrgolas zasendle. Ngokubanzi, ezo zikhuliswa kumboko wepoplar zikhulu kwaye zimnyama kunezasendle. Baye bathande ukuba nomzimba oqinileyo. Ngokuchasene nabo, ezo zikhuliswe kwingca yengqolowa zincinci kwaye ziethe-ethe ngakumbi. Oku kungenxa yemali yezondlo kunye nendawo ekufuneka bekwazi ukuyiphucula ngcono. Thatch ayinawo umphezulu omkhulu kakhulu, ngokungafaniyo nemipophula. Ngesi sizathu, eyona ixhaphakileyo kukuba zikhulile kwiindawo apho zinempumelelo enkulu ekuzaleni.

Nge-100 gram nganye yemveliso sifumana i-376 kcal kunye nokwakhiwa kwee-carbohydrate. Ine-18% yeeprotein kunye nezinye iiminerali ezilungileyo ezifana ne-phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium kunye nentsimbi.

Ukulima kweGyrgolas

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhulisa ii-gírgolas kwaye zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-substrate apho yenziwa khona kunye nohlobo lolawulo olwenziwa kwindalo efumaneka kuyo. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, sinokhetho oluninzi lokulima ngokuxhomekeke kwi-substrate: eyokuqala yile zikhule kwiziqwenga zemithi ezifana nepoplar kunye neminye imithi yosapho lakwaSaliceaceae. Le ndlela yenye yezona zilungileyo kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Kwelinye icala, sinenye indlela yokulima ebangelwe kukutyala kwiindawo ze Inkunkuma yezolimo nezolimo enje ngengqolowa yengqolowa, ikhoba lembona okanye ishevings okanye amakhoba kajongilanga. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani bentsholongwane, ezinye iindlela ezinje nge-pasteurization ziyasetyenziswa kwaye ziyacetyiswa.

Ezi ntlobo zimbini zezityalo zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nokusingqongileyo apho zikhona. Eyokuqala kukuba kumboko wepoplar ugcinwe ngokuchaphazeleka ngakumbi emoyeni kwaye imeko apho iya kuphuhla khona ayinakuguqulwa. Ngale nkqubo yokulima kunokwenzeka ukuba inyuse imveliso yonyaka kunye nophuhliso olulungileyo lwendalo.

Kwimeko apho kusetyenziswa ubuchule ekulimeni intsalela yezolimo, babhekisa kubo iinkqubo zemveliso ezinzulu kwaye okusingqongileyo kulawulwa ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kolu hlobo lwemveliso inqanaba lokuqala lotyalo-mali liphezulu, okuthetha umngcipheko kwizibonelelo zokugqibela.

Iimfuno zokusingqongileyo

Ukuze ii-gírgolas zikhule ngokwasempilweni, kufuneka kufezekiswe uthotho lweemfuno. Phakathi kwazo kukho imfuneko yokuba amaqondo obushushu abe kwi Uluhlu oluhamba ukusuka kwi-17 ukuya kwi-23 degrees. La maqondo obushushu aqhele ukwenzeka ngexesha lokuwa nangohlobo lwentwasahlobo. Ke ngoko, ngeli xesha xa imveliso engaphezulu ifunyenwe.

Ngoku, ukufuma yeyona nto ifunwa kakhulu. Kwaye, njengoko sele sazi, imfuneko ebalulekileyo yefungi ngumswakama. Bafuna ukufuma okuphezulu ukuze bakwazi ukukhula. Isityalo siyayifuna loo nto ukufuma okukuyo ubuncinane ama-80%.

Nje ukuba ii-gyrgolas ezityiweyo ziqokelelwe, i-lamellae kufuneka ibekwe phezulu ukuze ii-spores ezikhutshwa ngexesha lokukhula kwazo ngokwesondo zigcinwe kwicala eliphezulu.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukunceda ukuba ufunde ngakumbi malunga ne-gyrgolas kunye nokulima kwabo.