Ngaba wakha wazibona iintyatyambo ezincinane ezenza amaqoqo zize zijinga emithini? Banomdla kakhulu kwaye bahle ngenene. Baziwa ngokuba ziicatkins. Ukuba awuzazi ukuba zithini na, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yiyiphi i-catkins kunye nendlela yokuhambisa ipoleni. Ukongeza, siza kukhankanya imifuno apho sinokufumana khona ezi ntyatyambo zintle.
Yintoni iikati?
Makhe siqale ngokuchaza ukuba yintoni catkins. Kwinqanaba lebhotani zichazwa njenge iseti yeentyatyambo ezithi, xa zizonke, zenze isikhonkwane okanye iqoqo leentyatyambo ezininzi ezipakishwe ngokusondeleyo. I-Catkins ihlala i-unisexual, oko kukuthi, ibhinqa okanye indoda, kunye nokuxhoma. Ziintyatyambo ezilula kakhulu ezingenazo iisepals okanye iipetals. Ezamazi zincitshiswe kwi stigmata, logama ezamadoda zincitshiswa zibe yi stamens.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-catkins ziintyatyambo zezinye iintlobo zemithi. Ezi zikholisa ukuba zezi ntlobo zilandelayo:
- Iibhitshi (UBetula)
- Iipopulari (I-Populus)
- Iialders (Alnus)
- Ihazelnuts (UCorylus)
- I-Chestnuts (ICastanea)
- Iincinas (UQuercus ilex)
- Imingcunube (Salix)
Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ziintyatyambo ezintle kakhulu, kwezinye iindidi zemithi azinakubonwa ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswe ibhayinotyhulari. ekubeni zivela kwindawo ephezulu yemifuno. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, kwimeko populus alba, ekwabizwa ngokuba ipoplar emhlophe.
Njengesiqhelo, iintyatyambo zinceda kakhulu xa kuziwa ekuchongeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. Ngokunjalo ne-catkins, ngamanye amaxesha nokuba nemibala eqaqambileyo. Ngombulelo kubo, kunokuba lula ngathi ukuchonga iintlobo ezithile zemithi.
Ingaba iikati zidluliselwa njani ipoleni?
Ngexesha lokuvuthwa, iintyatyambo zesilisa, ezidla ngokuqokelelwa kwiicatkins, zinoxanduva velisa umungu osebenza ukuchumisa i-ovary yeentyatyambo zasemazi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, zombini izini ziyaqhakaza ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo: Ngelixa iinkunzi ziqhakaza ngo-Oktobha, iimazi azidumi kude kube nguJanuwari, ubuncinane kwimeko yehazelnuts. Ngale ndlela, iintyatyambo zobudoda ziyakhula yaye xa zifikelela ekuvuthweni, iintyatyambo zemazi ziyavuleka ukuze kuqhutyekwe ngempumelelo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwisenzo se-pollination ngokwayo, idla ngokuqhutywa ngumoya. Umoya uthwala izigidi zeenkozo zomungu ezincinci eziveliswa ziicatkins ukuya kutsho kwibala. Emva kwale nkqubo, ityhubhu ye-pollen iqala ukukhula ide ifikelele kwisiseko se-stigma. Ngaloo ndlela ungena kwixesha lokuphumla elidla ngokuthabatha phakathi kweenyanga ezine nezintlanu. Emva kweli xesha, ukukhula kuphinda kuqaliswe de ekugqibeleni umungu ugqibe ukuchumisa i-ovule. Kwimeko yehazelnut, umzekelo, udonga lwe-ovary liqokobhe lehazelnut kwaye imbewu ngokusisiseko yi-embryo. Oku kukhula kwisiqhamo sehazelnut.
Zeziphi izityalo ezinekati?
Nokuba kusegadini okanye kumbindi wendalo, maninzi amathuba okubona ezi ntyatyambo zinomdla. Okulandelayo siza kuthetha ngeentlobo ezine zemithi eneekati zazo ezivelele ngenxa yobuhle bazo, ngaloo ndlela zithandwa kakhulu kwiigadi zikawonkewonke kunye nezizimeleyo.
Umngcunube omhlophe (salix alba)
Umthi oneekati ezintle kakhulu ngumngcunube omhlophe, owaziwa ngokuba salix alba. Kule meko zibunjwa ngubude kunye ukuzalwa kwawo kwenzeka entlakohlaza.
Singawufumana umngcunube omhlophe eAsia, eYurophu kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo kuMntla Afrika. Nangona kunjalo, ngumthi oye watyalwa ngabantu kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kangangamawaka eminyaka, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuba yintoni indawo yayo yendalo. Zombini kwiZiqithi zeBalearic nakwiPeninsula kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuyifumana kwaye isasazeke kakhulu.
Umthi oki (I-Quercus ilex)
Kwakhona i-oki, eyaziwa ngokuba I-Quercus ilex, ineekati ezinqabileyo ezinombala otyheli kunye ne-ocher. Iintyatyambo zayo zivela entlakohlaza kwaye zidityaniswe ngokwezithungu ezijingayo.
I holm oki ngumthi ukuba Ifumaneka kuwo wonke ummandla woLwandle lweMeditera. Nangona kunjalo, i-subspecies I-Quercus ballota Ikho kuyo yonke iPeninsula yase-Iberia, inabemi abaxinene ngokufanelekileyo ngaphakathi. Kunoko, i-subspecies I-Quercus ilex Kunoko, isasazwa kwezona ndawo zikufutshane nonxweme lwaseCantabrian nolweMeditera, ukusuka kwiiBalearic Islands naseCatalonia ukuya kutsho eAlmería. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwiindawo apho zombini i-subspecies idibanisa, imithi ye-hybridi ikhula, idibanisa iimpawu ezihlukeneyo zombini.
iSilver birch (betula pendula)
Omnye umthi oneekati ezixabisekileyo yi-birch yesilivere okanye betula pendula. Kule meko, ama-catkins angamadoda kwaye ahlala ngoMatshi ukuya kuMeyi de umungu ukhululwe njengoko amagqabi amagqabi eqala ukuvuleka. Endaweni yoko, iikati zabasetyhini zikhomba phezulu kwaye zifutshane kakhulu. Emva kokudluliselwa kwembewu, xa imbewu iqala ukukhula, iqala ukujinga.
I-birch yesilivere Isasazwa kuwo wonke amantla eMorocco, kwintshona yeAsia kwaye phantse yonke iYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukusuka eGalicia ukuya kwiiPyrenees.
Ipoplar emhlophepopulus alba)
Ekugqibeleni kusala ukugqamisa i-poplar emhlophe, okanye populus alba. Iintyatyambo zayo ezizimazi zenza izithupha ezinde ezijingayo, ezizicatkin. Ezi ngqindilili kwaye Ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kwindawo ephezulu yomthi.
Sinokufumana i-poplar emhlophe eMntla Afrika, eNtshona ye-Asiya naphakathi nakumazantsi Yurophu. Olu hlobo lwe-arboreal lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengento yokuhombisa okanye ukuphindaphinda iindawo ezithile. KwiPeninsula yase-Iberia, ipoplar emhlophe ikhula phantse kuyo yonke imimandla ngokwendalo. Ngaphandle kwezona ndawo zimanzi ziphantsi komntla-ntshona kunye noNxweme lwaseCantabrian. Nangona kunjalo, kwiiBalearic Islands kucingwa ukuba le ntlobo yaziswa.
Ngoku siyazi ukuba yintoni i-catkins kunye nendawo yokuzifumana, sinokujonga kwixesha elizayo xa sihambahamba. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kuba lula ngathi ukuqonda ngokohlobo lomthi.