Iifungi zizinto ezinokufumaneka phantse naphina emhlabeni. Kukho iifungi eziluncedo kunye nezinye eziyingozi kakhulu ebantwini. Ezi fungi zinempawu ezizenza zibe zezahlulo olukhethekileyo lobukumkani bezinto eziphilayo. Babo bobukumkani beFungi. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-144.000 ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya igwele, ukungunda kunye nama-mushroom. Phakathi kwe Ezona mpawu ziphambili zomngundo safumana ukungahambi ngenxa yokuba sine heterotrophic diet.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu eziphambili zefungus kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwinqanaba lezinto eziphilayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili zamakhowa
Olunye lweempawu eziphambili zefungus kukuba zonke ezo zinto ineeseli ezinodonga lweseli ezenziwe nge-chitin. Ezi zinto ziphilayo zihlala kubude nobubanzi behlabathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala. Xa sithetha ngomngundo, eyona nto iqhelekileyo kukucinga ngamakhowa ane-cap enamachokoza kunye nomzimba omhlophe omde. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela ziindidi ezithile zomngundo ezinezi mpawu.
Kuwo wonke ama-fungi akhoyo kwiplanethi yethu, abantu babenokwazi kuphela ukufunda i-5% yabo. Ngale ndlela, njengoko iintlobo ezintsha zifunyanwa, zihlelwa ukuze zifumane umbono wokuba zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili zomngundo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zeentlobo azikaziwa ukusukela ngaphambili bekucingelwa ukuba ukungunda luhlobo lwesityalo. Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, ibhayoloji njengenzululwazi ikwazile ukwahlula ezi zinto ziphilayo kunye nokwakha umda ohlukileyo webhayoloji.
Umvelaphi
Abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba ezi zinto ziphilayo zaqala njani kumaxesha amandulo. Bahlukane nobunye ubukumkani malunga neminyaka eliwaka yezigidi eyadlulayo. Nangona bohlulelene kumda womphetho, baseneempawu ezithile ngokufanayo nobukumkani bezityalo. Olunye lweempawu kukusilela kwe-locomotion kunye nohlobo lwezakhiwo zomzimba. Kwelinye icala, ikwanazo neempawu ezifanayo nobunye ubukumkani. Kwaye kunjalo Inobume bebhayoloji obufana kakhulu nobezobuchwephesha.
Kuba zizinto eziphilayo ze-eukaryotic zisebe langoku lendaleko. Ubume beselula babo buyafana ngakumbi nobezityalo, kodwa banomahluko ophawulekayo. Kuye kwafuneka ukuba ihlelwe kwi-phyla yakho eyahlukileyo ukuba ifungi ayinayo i-chlorophyll. I-Chlorophyll yinto ebalulekileyo kwezo zityalo ukuba zikwazi ukwenza inkqubo ye-photosynthesis kunye nokuzondla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamakhowa
Amakhowa Zizinto ezingenanto yeklorofili, ke ngoko, ayizenzi ifotosinthesisi, ayizizo ii-autotrophic eziphilayo. Bazala kwakhona nge-spores kunye nesondo. Ngombulelo kwezi fungi, abantu bakwazile ukwenza igwele, isonka, ibhiya, banegalelo ekubiliseni iwayini nasekuveliseni utywala, ezinye iintlobo zeshizi ...
Zikwasetyenziswa kwilizwe lamayeza, kuba, kusetyenziswa ezi fungi, ii-penicillin zokuqala zadalwa ezakwaziyo ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane ezinoxanduva lwezifo ezibulalayo.
Amakhowa aphawulwa ngokusebenza njengokutya okunesondlo ngendlela eyamkelekileyo ebantwini, kuba banesondlo esikhulu. Amakhowa batya inkunkuma yezinye izinto eziphilayo okanye izinto eziphilayo ngqo, ke ngoko, zityebile kwizondlo kuthi.
Ukwahlula
Iifungi zihlelwa ngamaqela amakhulu ama-4 ngokuxhomekeke kubunjani bazo kunye neempawu zazo. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Isaprophytes: zezo ntlobo zomngundo ezondla ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwezinye iintlobo zobomi. Ingaba nobomi bezilwanyana kunye nobomi bezityalo. Banokuthi okanye bangangachazi, ukuze bakwazi ukondla kuhlobo oluthile lwezinto eziphilayo okanye nakweyiphi na ngokubanzi. Olunye ulwazi.
- Yenzang: Ngaba ezo fungi zakha ubudlelwane be-symbiotic kunye nezityalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba zombini iintlobo zinokuxhamla kwezi meko zangoku zokusingqongileyo. Banokuchuma kwiingcambu zabo kwaye batshintshe imisele yamaminerali kunye namanzi njengezondlo. Ezi zondlo ziveliswa ngundo ngokutshintshiselana ngee-carbohydrate kunye neevithamini ezenziwa sisityalo kuba isikhunta asinako ukusidibanisa, kuba asiyiyo ifotosinthesisi.
- Ilayisenisi: I-lichen zizinto eziphilayo apho i-fungus kunye ne-alga zidibanisa. Kwakhona kunokuba ne-cyanobacterium. Kusekwe ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kwaye bebonke bayakwazi ukuzibonelela ngokufuma kunye nezondlo ukwenza iimeko eziyimfuneko zokwanda kwabo. Kwimeko yokwahlulwa, bebengenakukwenza ngendlela efanayo. Olunye ulwazi.
- Iziduli: Zizo ezo ntlobo zomngundo ezikhula ngaphakathi emzimbeni wezinye izinto eziphilayo okanye ezisekwe kumphezulu wazo. Ukuze izondle, isebenzisa izondlo zomntu ophilayo abamkele apha. Isenokubangela ukonakala okwahlukileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokondla, enokuba ncinane okanye ibulale.
Iziphumo ezibi
Kukho nefungi eziba yingozi ebantwini, ezinje ngeentshulube, inkwitshi, unyawo lweembaleki, icandidiasis, njl. Ukuba ziyi-fungus eguqula kwaye yonakalise umzimba wethu xa usaziswa. Zihlala zichaphazela abantu abanezokhuseleko ezisezantsi.
Ukuthintela ezi ngxaki zempilo, i-fungicides ifunyenwe inakho ukubulala ukungunda okusulelayo kunye nokubulala izinambuzane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubulala izinambuzane eziza ngundo ngokukhawuleza, kuba iziphumo zinokusasazeka kwaye banokuhlala kwizinto eziphilayo kwaye bazondle.
Ukondla o Isondlo somngundo kukungena ngaphakathi, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuba abanazo ii-chloroplast kwaye abanako ukondla nge-photosynthesis.
Isikhunta singakhula kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, kodwa amaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwe-0 ° ukuya kwi-55 ° C kwaye iifungi ezibizwa ngokuba ngamathuba zihlala phakathi kwama-35 ° nama-40 ° C.
I-fungi inokuphinda ivelise ngokwesini kunye nangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala besenza njalo besebenzisa ii-spores. Iziporho ziyamelana neemeko ezingqongileyo kwaye ziya kulinda iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukuze zikwazi ukukhula, zihlume kwaye ngoku ibe ngumzekelo omtsha. Singatsho ukuba iimbewu zilingana nembewu yomthi. Xa befumana iimeko ezifanelekileyo, ukukhula kwabo kunokukhawuleza kakhulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neempawu eziphambili zamakhowa.