Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imithi ye-almondi iye yayindawo yokugcina abatyali-mali abatsha, xa kujongwe iintlobo ezintsha, ezinengeniso ethe chatha, ukuqina kwayo kunye nezicwangciso-nkqubo ezintsha zokutyala ngokugqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona oku, iintlobo ezifana ne Umthi wom-amangile weGuara baqhubeka bekhokela kwindawo elinywayo, kwaye babonise isivuno esikhulu kakhulu sengqolowa, ubunzima kunye nokungena ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso. Umthi wom-amangile wohlobo lwe-Guara, oye waphuhliswa ukutyhubela iminyaka yaye eminye isaxelwa kwangaphambili, uneempawu ezintle yaye uhlakulela izityalo ezivelisa imveliso kumazwe amaninzi anjengeUnited States (inkosi yealmonds) neSpeyin. , apho umphezulu wesi sityalo usanda.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo malunga nomthi we-almond we-guara, iimpawu zayo kunye nokulima.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Imbali yomthi wom-amangile iGuara ibuyela emva kwiminyaka emihle apho olu hlobo lokulinywa lwafunyanwa. I-CITA e-Aragón yayingumphuhlisi weentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwi-1983 kunye Ngoku sesinye sezona ntlobo zilinywayo nezivelisayo.
I-almond ye-guara esuka e-Asiya yasasazeka kulo lonke elase-Spain ngeminyaka yoo-80 kunye no-90 kwaye yenye yezona zityalo zilinywayo kulo mmandla ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwayo imbalela kunye nemveliso yayo eninzi ye-almond. Ukuma kwayo eSpain kube yimpumelelo kuba ngumzi-mveliso ongadingi kukhathalelwa kakhulu kwaye uvelisa oko kufunekayo kuphela. I-almond ye-guara inobumnandi obumnandi obuyifanelekelayo njenge dessert edumileyo kunye ne-pastry eSpain nakwamanye amazwe.
Kule nzala, zi-2 izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifunwayo:
- Ukumelana noxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokuziqhelanisa kakuhle nembalela
- Imveliso ephezulu, isivuno se-slug kunye nokuqalisa ngokukhawuleza
Enyanisweni, inqaku loku-1 lithetha ukuba ngaphezu kwe-50% yendawo efumana imvula e-Spain okwangoku ihlala kulo mthi we-almond we-guara. Kwiindawo ezingenawo amanzi, imveliso iyancipha kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nommandla onamanzi, kodwa iindawo ezininzi zaseSpain azinamanzi okanye iindawo zokunkcenkceshela, kodwa ngenxa yesi sityalo zinokulinywa.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo kumthi we-almond we-guara
Inzuzo:
- Ezahlukeneyo iyakwazi ukumelana nembalela kwaye ifanelekile kulimo olunemvula.
- Iintlobo ze-inbred ezingadingi i-pollinators
- Umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu weziqhamo, isivuno kunye nobunzima obuthile.
- Ukuqala ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso kwiminyaka yokuqala
- I-Homogenization yemveliso ngexesha layo yonke imicimbi.
Iingxaki:
- Iindidi ezisebenza kakhulu kwaye zinzima ukuthenwa
- Ubuthathaka kwibala le-ocher
- Ukuchaphazeleka kukaMonilia
Imveliso yomthi wom-amangile we guara
Ukudubula kweentyatyambo kugqitywa ngummandla kunye nemozulu ebandayo eqokelelweyo. Imithi ye-almond ye-Guara idla ngokudubula ukusuka ekupheleni kukaFebruwari ukuya phakathi kuMatshi. le mihla zithathwa emva kwexesha ngokwezolimo.
Ukuvunwa kweamangile kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Agasti nasekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, kuxhomekeke kubushushu kunye nobushushu besivuno sasehlotyeni. Ukuba sithelekisa ezona ndidi ziphambili zemithi yealmondi edubula kade, sifumanisa ukuba iGuara yenye yeendidi ezinepesenti ephezulu (%) yeqokobhe/isivuno sekernel.
Nangona kukho iintlobo ezintsha ezithembisayo, I-Guara ihleli ikhokele, ngesivuno esiphakathi kwe-35% kunye ne-40%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokomlinganiselo wobunzima be-nugget, kuphakathi kwepakethi, kunye nomyinge we-1,3 g, kodwa umgangatho uhle kakhulu.
Kwelinye icala, iintlobo ezintsha zifumene ujoliso ekunciphiseni isivuno sembewu ephindwe kabini, kulo mzekelo umthi we-almond we-Guara lolona didi lunesivuno esikhulu. Imveliso ngumsebenzi weparameter onempembelelo enkulu kuso nasiphi na isityalo, oko kukuthi ukufikelela emanzini. Kwimeko yomthi wom-amangile ovela eGuara, ubuncinane be-3.000-3.500 m3/ha yamanzi inokuvelisa umyinge weetoni ezi-2 zamandongomane.
Esi sityalo sinobuntununtunu kubukho bamanzi kwaye isivuno saso sinyuka kakhulu ngokufumaneka. Enyanisweni, kwezinye iindawo zaseCastilla-La Mancha ukunikezelwa kwayo kudlula i-8.000 m3 / ha, kunye nezivuno zerekhodi ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili. Kwelinye icala, isivuno esiphakathi kwe guara almonds yi 1500 kg okanye ngaphantsi. ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamanzi angaphantsi kwama-2000 m3/ha. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba yintyatyambo emva kwexesha, ngoko idla ngokutyalwa kwiindawo zangaphakathi ezinokuthi zihlasele iqabaka kade, kuba intyatyambo iyindawo ebuthathaka kakhulu kutshintsho lobushushu nokubanda.
Inkcubeko
Umthi we-almond we-Guara Ayigqamanga ngokuba nesikhokelo sokutyala okanye iimeko zokulima ezohlukileyo kwezinye iindidi. Kumasimi ankcenkceshelwayo, ububanzi bamasebe awo bunokuba bukhulu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka buthathelwe ingqalelo, ngakumbi xa kukho utyekelo lokuvula amasebe ngokungqongqo kunezinye iindlela.
Ezona ntlobo zinamandla zinefreyimu zezityalo eziyi 7×6 (238 imithi/ha) okanye 7×7 (204 imithi/ha). Nangona kunjalo, sihlela iindidi zeGuara (kunye neTarraco, iMarinada okanye iLauranne) kunye nefreyimu yokutyala encinci encinci enesithuba se-6x6 (277 imithi/ha) okanye 6×5 (333 imithi/ha).
Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu zomthi wom-amangile weguara kukuba ngumthi onamasebe amaninzi. Oko kuthetha ukuba iingcali zokwenyani zokuthena ziyafuneka ukuze kuphunyezwe izivuno ezifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uqeqesho lokuthena kwi-guara lubaluleke kakhulu kwaye luyimfuneko ukusuka kumanqanaba okuqala okukhula.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuqwalaselwa xa ukuthenwa kukugcina i-buds ngaphakathi kwendlu, ngoko ke umkhwa kububanzi bamasebe, nangona kuya kuchaphazela isakhelo se-planter. Ngaloo ndlela, xa amasebe ezele ziziqhamo. amathuba okuqhekeka okanye ukuqhekeka ayancipha kakhulu.
Ngoqeqesho lokuthenwa, ubude bala masebe bunokulawulwa kwiminyaka emi-3 yokuqala yokukhula, kuba imithi ye-almond yeguara ithanda ukuwongeza la masebe kakhulu. Ngokuthenwa sinciphisa umthamo wayo kunye nokulawula imveliso kwindawo esezantsi yomthi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-guara almond tree kunye neempawu zayo.