Imithi yesundu zizityalo ezizezobuhle obubalaseleyo. Isiqu sayo (into esinokuyibiza ngokuba yitrunk) sikhula siye phezulu ngokungathi sifuna ukufikelela esibhakabhakeni, kwaye amagqabi aso axabisekileyo ayaphaphatheka nomoya ngalo lonke ixesha evuthuza phakathi kwamaphecana awo, nkqu neentyatyambo zawo, ezibekwe ngokwamaqela kwi-inflorescence ezinamasebe amakhulu, zenza Ixabiso lokuhombisa lale mifuno liya kwanda kuphela.
Ndiyavuma: Ndiyazithanda ezi zityalo. Kodwa mhlawumbi nawe unjalo, okanye kungekudala. Ke, Kweli nqaku likhethekileyo siza kuthetha bude ngabo: Iimpawu zazo, iintlobo, iintlobo eziphambili, ukusetyenziswa, ... kunye nokunye.
Ivela phi imithi yesundu?
Olu hlobo lwezityalo yaqala ukuhlala emhlabeni malunga neminyaka eyi-145 yezigidi eyadlulayo, ngexesha leCretaceous. Ngelo xesha, izirhubuluzi ezinkulu zazihlala kulo mhlaba: ii-dinosaurs, ezabelana ngendawo kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo, okt ezo zilwanyana zikhusela abantwana bazo ngaphakathi kwiplasenta de zikhule ngokwaneleyo ukuze zikwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle, njengabantu.
Umlo wokusinda akufuneki ukuba ubulula kakhulu kwimithi yesundu, njengoko iidinosaurs ezininzi zondliwa ngengca, njengeSupersaurus, eyafikelela kubude beemitha ezili-15. Ukuba sithathela ingqalelo ukuba namhlanje owona mthi wesundu mde, I-Ceroxylon quindiuense Ilinganisa malunga neemitha ezingama-60, inokukhula okucothayo (malunga ne-20cm ngonyaka xa isencinci), yeembewu ezilishumi ebekufanele ukuba zintshule, kushiyeke enye okanye ezimbini kuphela.
Ngaba yimithi okanye yimifuno?
Kuhlala kucingwa ukuba ukuthetha ngemithi yesundu kuthetha ngemithi, kodwa yimpazamo leyo. Ezi zityalo zi-herbaceous, kwaye leyo yinto esinokuyibona kwakamsinya nje ukuba imbewu ihlume: ngokungafaniyo nemithi, eneebhotile ezimbini (amagqabi amabini okuqala), imithi yesundu inye kuphela, yiyo loo nto yenza ukuba ibonakale ingca enengca. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunjalo izityalo ezizimeleyo. Kodwa umahluko awupheleli apha.
Monocot awunayo i-trunk yangempela, kuba abanakukhula kwesibini okwenyani, ukuze, xa uyisika, ungazukuyibona imisesane yonyaka enemithi kunye nezinye izityalo ezinamachaphaza. Kwimeko ethile yabalinganiswa bethu abaphambili, i-trunk ibizwa ngokuba yistipe okanye isiqu. Yintoni egqithisile, amagqabi anemithambo ebonakalayo, efanayo.
Ziintoni iimpawu zesundu?
Imithi yesundu luhlobo lwesityalo esisapho lwe-Arecaceae (eyayisakuba yiPalmae) esasazwa kwimimandla efudumeleyo nefudumeleyo yehlabathi. Zaziwa malunga ne-3000 iintlobo, kwaye zonke (okanye uninzi) zinala malungu:
- Ilifa: azikho ngaphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba bakhula iisentimitha ezimbalwa -bengekho ngaphezulu kwe-60cm- ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba.
- Stipe: inokuringiwa okanye igudile, amanye amagqabi omile okanye ngaphandle. Kukho iintlobo ezithile ezingenayo okanye ezimfutshane kakhulu, ezinje nge Umvundla waseAustralasia okanye Wallichia densiflora.
- Iifayile: ukuba zintsha, zihlala zikhuselwe ngesiporho. Nje ukuba zivulwe, zibizwa ngokuba ziispadices.
- Inkunzi: yinxalenye edibanisa isitampu kunye namagqabi. Kwimeko yokusikwa, isityalo siya kufa njengoko ukukhula kwamagqabi kuvela kuso.
- Isithsaba okanye indebe: Yenziwe ngamagqabi okanye ngamagqabi anokuphinywa okanye amiliswe fan.
Iintlobo eziphambili
Ukubhala malunga ne-3000 yeentlobo zemithi yesundu kwinqaku elinye akunakwenzeka, ke ndiza kukuxelela malunga nezo zilula ukuzifumana kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana nakwiivenkile ezikwi-Intanethi.
UAreca catechu
I-Areca Nut okanye iBetel Palm, njengoko ibizwa ngamanye amaxesha, ngumthi wesundu we-monoecious - kukho iinyawo zamadoda kunye neenyawo zabasetyhini - inzalelwane yaseAsia naseOceania. Inenqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza de lifike kwiimitha ezingama-30 ukuphakama.. Umboko wayo uyajiya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30cm ubukhulu, kwaye uthweswe ngamagqabi e-pinnate ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3m ubude nge-2-3cm ububanzi amaphetshana aluhlaza.
Ngelishwa inochuku kakhulu kwingqele nakwingqeleKwaye ukuba uyikhulisa kwindawo apho ubushushu ehlotyeni buphakama bungaphezulu kwe-30ºC, kuya kufuneka uyikhusele elangeni ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, unokuba ngaphakathi ezindlini ukuba nje usegumbini apho kukho ukukhanya okuninzi okuvela ngaphandle.
I-Ceroxylon quindiuense
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Wax Palm okanye i-Quindío Wax Palm, sisityalo esizalelwa kwiintlambo zase-Andean ze-Los Nevados National Natural Park, e-Cocora Valley yeSebe laseQuindío, kwingingqi yekhofi yaseColombia. Ngowona mthi wesundu mde, ukwazi ukufikelela kwi-60m kwaye ungade udlule kuzo. Amagqabi aphinyiwe, aluhlaza ohlaza kwicala elingasentla kunye nesilivere okanye ingwevu emazantsi. Isiqu saso sililinda, sigudile, kwaye sigqunywe ngumthwebeba.
Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, luhlobo olunokuthi lukhule kuphela kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo-ebandayo unyaka wonke. Iqondo lobushushu kwindawo yalo yemvelaphi lihamba phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-19ºC ngokomndilili, ke kwimozulu eshushu izinga lokukhula linciphisa kakhulu (ehlotyeni akukho nto ikhulayo ukuba idlula kuma-25ºC). Kodwa ixhasa kakuhle i -8ºC iqabaka.
Elegans ze Chamaedorea
La I-Lounge palm okanye iPacaya Yisundu esine-dioecious (iintyatyambo zowasetyhini kunye neyindoda zikwimeko efanayo) ye 2-4m ukuphakama Inamagqabi aphinyeneyo angama-40-60cm ubude. Inzalelwa kuMbindi Merika (eMexico, eGuatemala naseBelize). Sisityalo esinomboko omnye othengiswa ngeembiza ezinezithole ezininzi (njengoko ubona kumfanekiso ongentla).
Sisityalo esilula ukukhula, onokuba naso embizeni yokuhombisa ikhaya lakho kangangeminyaka emininzi, nangobomi besityalo. Kodwa ukuba ufuna ukuba nayo ngaphandle, Kufuneka uyikhusele elangeni nakwingqele engaphantsi kwe -2ºC..
Chamaerops uthobekile
El UPalmito o UMargallón ngomnye waba babini Iiplanga ezizalelwa eSpainNgokukodwa kumhlaba wam, iziQithi zeBalearic, zifunyanwa ngaphezulu kwayo yonke iSierra de Tramuntana (emantla eMallorca). Ikhula ngokwendalo eMantla eAfrika nakuMazantsi mpuma eYurophu.
Iphawulwa ngokuba neziqu ezininzi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3-4 yeemitha ukuphakama kuthweswe ngesithsaba ngamagqabi amile okwe fan, nangokungavumi kwayo ukubalela kwimbalela. Yintoni egqithisile, ukumelana nokubanda ukuya -7ºC kwaye ikhula kakuhle kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo.
I-Cyrtostachys renda
La Umthi wesundu obomvu Yenye yeentandokazi, kodwa ikwayenye yezona zinto zibuthathaka. Sisityalo semulticaule esizalelwa eSumatra Ungu-12m ubude kwaye inamagqabi aphinyeneyo ayi-2-3m ubude. Isitampu sibhityile kakhulu, sinqabile nge-15cm ubukhulu.
Inomdla kakhulu kubanda: amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-10ºC awonakalisa kakhulu. Ukongeza, ifuna ukufuma okuphezulu kwaye ikhuselwe elangeni ngqo.
I-Dypsis lutescens
Le yintendelezo esiyazi kakuhle njengeAreca okanye i-Yellow Areca, kodwa akufanele sidideke. Amanye amagama ayifumanayo nguPalma de Frutos de Oro, Palmera Bambú okanye Palma Areca. Inkqubo ye- I-Dypsis lutescens Ngumthi wesundu oneziqu ezininzi-kunye neziqu ezininzi-ezelwe eMadagascar. Amagqabi ayo anepini, 2 ukuya kwi-3m ubude, kunye umphanda wayo iringi nge-4-5m ukuphakama.
Kulula ukukhathalela, kuba Iyamelana neqabaka ezibuthathaka kakuhle ukuya -1ºC okoko nje kugcinwa ngexesha kunye nexesha elifutshane. Oku kubangela umdla kakhulu, kuba xa sikukhulisa ngaphakathi endlini akusayi kubakhoxhala kakhulu malunga nemisinga yomoya obandayo engenayo xa sivula umnyango. Ewe kunjalo, ifuna ukukhanya okuninzi (kodwa hayi ngqo).
Howe forsteriana
La EKentia yenye yezona ntendelezo zilinywayo ngaphakathi endlwini. Kuphela kwi-Lord Howe Island, eyinika igama lohlobo lohlobo lwayo (Howea). Ikhula malunga ne-15 leemitha ukuphakama, kunye nesiqu esilula kunye nesiringi se-13cm ububanzi.. Amagqabi aphinyiwe kwaye made, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3m.
Ngenxa yokukhula kancinci kunye nobuhle bayo, ihlala igcinwa embizeni iminyaka, kokubini ngaphakathi kunye nepatiyo enomyezo okanye egadini. Inqaba ikhephu ukuya kwi -5ºC ngaphandle kokufumana monakalo omkhulu.
IPhoenix canariensis
Omnye wemithi yesundu e-autochthonous yaseSpain. Inkqubo ye- ICanary Island Palm okanye iCanary Island Palm ixhaphake kwiiCanary Islands. Amagqabi ayo anepineti kwaye angade abe zi-5-6m ubude. Isiqu sikhulu kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3m ubukhulu kwisiseko saso, kwaye ikhula ukuya kwi-10m ubude. Ihlala ityalwa egadini nakwiipaki.
Inqaba ikhephu ukuya -7ºC ngaphandle kwengxaki, ukuze ube nayo ngaphandle kwindawo apho ilanga lithe ngqo khona.
IPhoenix dactylifera
La umhla wesundu okanye támara luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho ngenxa yeziqhamo zalo: imihla. Kukholelwa ukuba ivela kuMazantsi-ntshona e-Asiya, kodwa namhlanje iye yaqheleka eMantla e-Afrika, kwaye umntu unokukutsho nakummandla weMeditera.
Sisityalo esinee-multicaule ifikelela kuma-30m ukuphakama isiqu sayo silinganisa i-20 ukuya kwi-50cm ububanzi. Amagqabantshintshi apinki, aluhlaza oqaqambileyo. Ngenxa yobungakanani bayo, ukongeza kwiziqhamo zayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ube nayo egadini, ukusukela oko ukumelana nembalela kunye nokubanda ukuya kwi - 8ºC.
Banyanyekelwa njani?
Ngoku ekubeni sizibonile ezona ntlobo ziphambili, makhe sibone ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonyango abalifunayo. Kubalulekile ukuba, kuxhomekeke kwindidi, inokufuna ukhathalelo olwahlukileyo, ke ukuba unemibuzo buza oku:
- Ubicaciónngokubanzi kufuneka babekwe ngaphandle. Uninzi lukhula kakuhle kwilanga elipheleleyo, kodwa kukho ezinye ezifuna ukhuseleko.
- Umhlaba okanye i-substrateNokuba zigcinwa embizeni okanye egadini, kubalulekile ukuba umhlaba ube nomsele olungileyo kwaye utyebile ngezinto eziphilayo.
- Unkcenkceshelo: malunga namaxesha ama-3 ngeveki ehlotyeni, kwaye kube kanye okanye kabini ngeveki unyaka wonke.
- Ukutyala okanye ukutshintsha ixesha: entwasahlobo, xa umngcipheko weqabaka udlulile.
- Ukuphindaphinda: ngembewu entwasahlobo okanye ehlotyeni, ubazisa kwingxowa etywinwe ngophawu lwe-vermiculite kwaye ubeka kufutshane nobushushu (akufuneki idlule kwi-30ºC), okanye ngokwahlula iziqu entwasahlobo.
Iingxaki zomthi wesundu
Izinambuzane
- Isigcawu esibomvu: ishiya amachaphaza amhlophe amancinci okanye amabala kwinxalenye ephezulu yamagqabi, kunye nesigcawu sewebhu siyabonakala. Iphathwa nge-Abamectin okanye iDicofol. (Bona ifayile).
- Mealybugs: zihlala kumagqabi kunye neziqu, zibangela ukuba amabala atyheli avele ngenxa yokutsalwa. Baphathwa ngeyeza lokubulala izinambuzane.
- Ubomvu obomvu: Imibungu yalo bungu ikhula ngelixa isondla ngaphakathi kwikomkhulu, isenza buthathaka isityalo. Olunye lweempawu zokuqala kukuphambuka kwegqabi eliphakathi. Unokurhanela ukuba unayo xa ubona amagqabi alumkileyo, imicu ephuma esitratweni. Ilwa ne-Imidacloprid kunye neChlorpyrifos, (inyanga enye, kunye nenye elandelayo) ngexesha lasentwasahlobo, ehlotyeni nasekwindla. (Bona ifayile).
Izifo
- Ukubola okupinki: amabala anecrotic avela kwizikhondo. Amagqabi amadala afe msinyane, amthubi kuqala aze omile kamva. Unyango lokuthintela lunokwenziwa ngeTriforin.
- I-Fusariosis: amagqabi asisiseko afumana ityheli elimthubi, de ekugqibeleni lome kwaye isityalo siyafa. Inokunyangwa ngeBenomyl.
- Phytophthora: linoxanduva lokufa kwezityalo ezininzi ezincinci. Amagqabi ayoma ngokukhawuleza kude kube, ngosuku olungalindelekanga, uyawanyusa kwaye aphuma ngokulula. Inokuthintelwa ngokuphepha ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokwenza unyango ngeFosetil-Al.
Zenzelwe ntoni?
Ukuhombisa iigadi kunye neepatios, ewe 🙂. Hayi, ayilunganga kuphela kuloo nto. Zininzi iintlobo ezivelisa iziqhamo ezityiwayonjenge IPhoenix dactylifera sibonile okanye ICocos nucifera (umthi wekhokhonathi). Amagqabi asetyenziselwa ukwakha uphahla kwimimandla emininzi, ukongeza Ukwenza izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye nokusebenza ebaleni.
Ngencindi, ekhutshwa xa usika amagqabi kunye ne-inflorescence zezinye iintlobo, iziselo zilungisiwe, njengewayini yesundu. Kwezinye iziqhamo iioyile, imajarini, ubusi kunye nesepha ziyafumaneka.
Yiyo loo nto imalunga nezityalo zobuhle obusisinye eziluncedo kakhulu ebantwini. Ucinga ntoni ngemithi yesundu?
Molweni nonke, ndinemithi yesundu emi-4 yeCanary Islands enikwa amagqabi amthubi namabala amdaka, ingaba ninalo naluphi na icebiso lokuba ndingawufumana njani umbala wawo oluhlaza umhle njengale mithi yesundu. Ndiyabulela kwangoko.
Ndinomthi wesundu ngaphakathi kwaye bawuguqule ngembiza kwaye ndaqaphela ukuba amagqabi ayoma kwaye ayawa, ndingenza ntoni?
Batya ntoni
Sawubona!
Iingcambu zesundu zifumana izondlo emhlabeni. Kodwa, amagqabi ayo enza ifotosinthesisi, yinkqubo equlathe ukuguqula amandla elanga abe kukutya (ngokusisiseko, iswekile).
Ukubulisa