Zonke izinto eziphilayo zixhomekeke kwilanga ukuba zibekho ngokuchanekileyo. Sikwiplanethi ekumgama ngqo ukusuka kwinkosi yeenkwenkwezi, apho ifumana imitha yelanga ngamandla afanelekileyo, avumela ubushushu obuqhelekileyo be-14 degrees Celsius: efanelekileyo ebomini. Ukusuka kwimvelaphi yethu kude kube namhla, kubonakala ngathi izidalwa zezityalo zahluke kakhulu, kodwa inyani kukuba ulwahlulo olwahlula zombini ezi zikumkani luya lusiba mfiliba.
Ngoba? Ewe kuyinyani ukuba abanakuthetha okanye ukuhamba, kodwa ukuze baphile kufuneka benze uthotho lwemisebenzi yezityalo, ezisisiseko ukuze basinde. Masibone ukuba zeziphi eziphambili.
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Ukuphefumla
Njengaso nasiphi na isilwanyana, izityalo kufuneka ziphefumle, kwaye zikwenza ngendlela efanayo kuthi: ukufunxa ioksijini kunye nokugxotha ikhabhon diokside kunye namanzi ngohlobo lomphunga. Baphefumla phi? Ngamalungu amathathu:
- Stomata okanye iipore: ifumaneka kuwo onke amalungu ayo aluhlaza, anjengamagqabi, iziqu ezingacacanga, iibracts eziluhlaza (amagqabi aguquliweyo akhusela intyatyambo).
- Iilenti: zincinci kakhulu, isetyhula okanye inde, zifunyenwe kwiziqu ezinomthi. Ziyabonakala ngeliso lenyama, kuba zinokulinganisa ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5cm.
- Ilifa: ngeenwele ezinkulu.
Umbuzo onokuzibuza wona ngoku, ngaba bayaphefumla imini yonke? Ebusuku kuphela? Ewe impendulo ngu ... baphefumla iiyure ezingama-24. Kwaye kungenjalo, ukuba bekungenjalo, abakwazanga ukwenza ifotosinthesisi.
Iphotosynthesis
Lo ngumsebenzi owenziwa zizityalo kuphela. Izilwanyana zinokuzingela amaxhoba, okanye zityise imifuno kunye / okanye iziqhamo, kodwa izinto zezityalo, ukusukela kwixesha lokuhluma kwembewu ide ife, zihlala zimiliselwe kwindawo enye. Ukuze bakhule kwaye bakhule, kufuneka babenako ukwenza ifotosinthesisi; oko kukuthi, tshintsha amandla elanga abe kukutya.
Yenziwa phi? Kumaphepha. Ezi, njengoko sisazi, ziluhlaza, kuba ziqulathe iklorofili. Ngombulelo kuyo, banokufumana ukukhanya okwaneleyo, okudibene nekhabhon diokside, isuka kumdaka okrwada (amanzi kunye neeminerali ezifunxwa ziingcambu zize zijolise emagqabini) zibe yincindi egqityiweyo (ukutya kwesityalo, okuqulathe iiamino acid kunye noshukela ikakhulu ).
Ngenxa yoko, izityalo zikhuphela ioksijini emoyeni ngokusebenzisa i-stomata. Kodwa kuphela emini, kuxa bathi bavezwe kukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukutya
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Izityalo, ngaphandle kokutya, azinakukhula, kodwa ngaphandle kwamanzi ngekhe zikwazi ukuntshula. Phantsi kukho inani lezondlo, ikakhulu i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium (okanye i-NPK), Iya kufumaneka kuphela xa inyibilikisiwe emanzini. Nje ukuba benze, iingcambu ziya kuba nakho ukufunxa ngaphandle kwengxaki enkulu.
Yintoni i-NPK eluncedo kuyo? Oku kulandelayo:
- Initrogen: kubalulekile ukuba zikhule, ziphuhlise iklorofili kwaye zenze ifotosinthesisi.
- Phosphorus: Ikhonza ukuze ikwazi ukukhula inkqubo yeengcambu kunye nokukhula kweziqhamo.
- Potaziyam: ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba iyangenelela ekuphefumlweni kwezityalo nasekuthuthweni kokutya.
Nje ukuba iingcambu zifumane amanzi kunye neeminerali zinyibilike kuwo zisuka emhlabeni, umxube obiziweyo incindi eluhlaza, ijikeleza ngendlela enyukayo kwiinqanawa zomthi ide ifike emagqabini. Kulapho, nge-photosynthesis, iguqulwa ibe icacisiwe SAP, Oqhutywa ezantsi ziinqanawa zaseLiberia kuzo zonke iindawo zesityalo. Impahla eseleyo igcinwe kwaye igcinwe njengoovimba
Khulisa kwicala lokukhanya kwelanga
Njengoko sele sibonile, iLanga libalulekile kwizityalo. Bayayifuna kuyo yonke into. Kuba imbewu iyantshula, into abayenzayo ikhula kwicala lokukhanya kwayo. Kodwa bakwenza njani oko? Ngokufanelekileyo, Ungasichazela njani isiqu ukuba sikhule phezulu kunye neengcambu ezantsi?
Ezi mpendulo kwizikhuthazi zelanga ziyaziwa njenge ifototropism. Utsho umfutho ibangela ukusabela kwehomoni kwisityalo, isiphumo soko kukhula okwahlukileyo kubangelwa auxin. Isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo: xa kukho impendulo engalunganga ye-phototropic, oko kukuthi, xa ikhula kwicala elichaseneyo neLanga, igxilwe kwingingqi yesityalo esichasene nokukhanya. Ngokuchasene noko, xa impendulo ye-phototropic ilungile, ii-auxins zigxilwe kumanani amakhulu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iiseli kule mimandla zanda ngakumbi kunezo apho uxinzelelo luphantsi.
Ke, iingcambu zine-phototropism engalunganga, ngelixa iziqu zine-phototropism elungileyo.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba yayiyintoni eyona misebenzi iphambili yezityalo?