Inzululwazi yebhotani lihlabathi lonke. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwiintlobo ezifanayo zezityalo, yonke imizekelo ibonakala iyafana kuthi. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, kukho indoda, imazi kunye nezityalo ze-hermaphrodite. Ngoku umbuzo omkhulu: Indlela yokwazi ukuba isityalo siyindoda okanye ibhinqa?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kuthethwa ngokufama. Ukukunceda, siza kuthetha ngesondo sezityalo, indlela yokwahlula ngokwesini kunye nokuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani imifuno ukuya kwisondo.
Isini sezityalo
Kuyaziwa ukuba uninzi lwezityalo zinezini zombini. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imizekelo yesini esahluliweyo. Oko kukuthi, mhlawumbi ngabasetyhini okanye bangamadoda. Kwizilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo (izilwanyana ezanyisayo, ezirhubuluzayo, iintlanzi neentaka) umahluko osisiseko ufunyenwe phakathi kweechromosome zesini zabantu abangamadoda nabasetyhini. Amabhinqa ahlala ene-chromosomes ye-XX, ngelixa amadoda aneechromosome ze-XY. Ezi chromosomes ziye zafunwa kwizityalo. kodwa zifunyenwe kuphela kwiindidi ezimbalwa kakhulu: cwaka igqabi elibanzi, I-Humulus lupulus, Cannabis sativa, I-Asparagus officinalis y I-Rumex acetose, phakathi kwabanye.
Xa kuziwa ekwahluleleni izityalo ngokwesini sazo, sinokuthetha ngokubanzi ngamadoda, abafazi kunye ne-hermaphrodites. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaba wezityalo uneentlobo ezininzi, nokuba kufikwa kwisini. Ngoko, ukuze sicacise ngakumbi, siza kuchaza ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zezityalo ezikhoyo ngokwesini sabo.
izityalo ze-monomorphic ngokwesondo
Kwizityalo ze-monomorphic ngokwesondo omabini amalungu endoda nebhinqa angafunyanwa. Ayisekho kwaye ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-75% yazo zonke izityalo ezaziwayo namhlanje. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, sinokuhlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ze-monomorphic ngokwesondo:
- IiHermaphrodites: Izityalo zeHermaphrodite zinamalungu angamadoda nabasetyhini kwintyatyambo enye. Bamele i-90% yemifuno yeentyatyambo, ezifana nezithandwayo roses.
- Monoecious: Izityalo ze-Monoecious zineentyatyambo ezizinkunzi nezemazi kumzekelo omnye. Ziyi-5% yezityalo zeentyatyambo kunye ne-gymnosperms ezininzi ziyinxalenye yazo, njenge Imithi yepine.
- Gynomonoecious: Abazinyumba. Zineentyatyambo ezizimazi kunye ne-hermaphrodite.
- IiAndromonics: Abazinyumba. Zineentyatyambo zamadoda kunye ne-hermaphroditic.
izityalo ezinepolymorphic ngokwesondo
Xa sithetha ngezityalo ze-polymorphic ngokwesondo, sibhekisa kwezo Zinayo yomibini imizekelo yamadoda nemazi. Bamele i-25% yazo zonke imifuno eyaziwayo ebantwini kwaye, njengangaphambili, kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko yohlobo ngalunye:
- Dioecious: Izityalo zeDioecious zinemizekelo yesini esahlukileyo. Oko kukuthi, abanye bangamadoda kwaye abanye ngabasetyhini. I-5% yezityalo zeentyantyambo zeli qela, kunye nezinye ii-gymnosperms, ezifana ne Iintlanzi.
- Gynodioecious: Izityalo zeqela le-gynodioecious zinemizekelo yabasetyhini kunye neempawu ze-hermaphrodite. Imizekelo embalwa yolu hlobo iya kuba zizityalo UPlantago lanceolata y silene vulgaris.
- Androdioic: Kule meko, izityalo zineesampuli zamadoda kunye neempawu ze-hermaphrodite. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lunqabile kakhulu.
Ndazi njani ukuba ndinesityalo esiyindoda okanye esemazi?
Ukwazi njani ukuba isityalo siyindoda okanye imazi ibalulekile ekulinyweni kwayo, kuba kwezinye iimeko kuphela imifuno yabasetyhini enomdla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwihlabathi lezityalo, isiqingatha sembewu idla ngokuba yindoda kunye nesiqingatha semazi. Ke ngoko, ngama-50% kuphela aya kuba luncedo ngokwenene kwindawo yakho yokutyala. Ngenxa yenkqubela yolwazi lwemfuza yezityalo, namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukwahlula amadoda kubafazi bezityalo.
Ukwenzela ukwahlula phakathi kwezityalo zamadoda kunye nezityalo zasemazi, kufuneka sazi ukuba ngawaphi amalungu awohlulayo. Kwimeko yezityalo eziziinkunzi, ezi zine<em>stamen egcwele umungu kwiintyatyambo. Kunoko, izityalo ezizimazi zineekhaphel okanye amaqanda axhasa i-pistil. Nje ukuba i-primordia yamalungu eentyatyambo iqale ukukhula, amalungu amabhinqa phakathi kwe-meristem mancinci kakhulu kwizityalo zamadoda, kodwa azikho.
Kunoko, kwizityalo zamadoda amalungu endoda aphuhliswa kakhulu, ngelixa kwizityalo zasetyhini isiqalo samalungu endoda siwohloka njengoko amalungu omfazi ekhula.
Zithatha ixesha elingakanani izityalo ukwabelana ngesondo?
Ngexesha lokukhula kwemifuno, kukho izigaba ezibini abahamba ngazo:
- Isigaba seVegetative: Lo mzekelo ukhula ngaphandle kokukwazi ukwahlula isini esingowaso.
- Inqanaba leentyatyambo: I-specimen iyeka ukukhula kwaye ityale onke amandla ayo ekuveliseni iintyatyambo, ngaloo ndlela iphuhlisa izitho zayo zesini.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, emva kweeveki ezintandathu kuxa ezinye izityalo ziqala ukubonisa iimpawu zephenotypic oko kunokubonisa isini apho zikhoyo nangaphambi kokuba ziphuhlise iintyatyambo zazo ezizinkunzi okanye ezizimazi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lube luncedo kuwe ukufumana indlela yokuxela ukuba isityalo siyindoda okanye ibhinqa.