Ihlabathi lezityalo libanzi kakhulu. Andibhekiseli kuphela kuhlobo olungenasiphelo lwezityalo ezikhoyo, kodwa nakwiimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke kwilizwe lezityalo, njengoko kunjalo nangomhlathana. Umzekelo olungileyo wale nto iphilayo yile Parmelia tiliacea, kakhulu eSpeyin.
Ukuze ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nale ntlobo kwaye ufumane ukuba yintoni i-lichen, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Yintoni i-lichen?
Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe malunga Parmelia tiliacea, Kufuneka sichaze ukuba yintoni i-lichen, kuba inye. Kunzima kakhulu ukuchaza i-lichen ngenxa yesimilo sayo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zikuthatha njengeyona nto ifundisanayo kunye nesona saziwayo sokusebenzisana. I-lichen ichazwa ngokwesiko njenge holobiont. Kodwa yintoni iholobiont? Yindibaniselwano eyenziwe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo ezidibeneyo zenza iyunithi entsha yendalo. Kwimeko ye-lichens, ezi zenziwe nge-mycobiont okanye i-fungus kunye nomnye okanye ngaphezulu abantu abenziwe nge-cyanobacteria okanye i-algae, eya kuba yi-photobionts.
Iifoto zefotoobientes zisasazeka ngokugqithileyo kwi-mycelium yee-mycobionts, eziza kuba ngumgcini. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zimbini kufuneka lube neepropathi ezivelayo. Yintoni egqithisile, I-thallus eyenziweyo kufuneka yahluke ngokokuziphatha ngokweziqholo xa zihlulwa.
Kwimeko apho i-photobiont ingumphathi, ibizwa ngokuba yi-mycophichobiosis. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezinokuvela apho ii-holobionts zingenako ukuhlelwa njenge-mycophysiobiosis okanye i-lichen. Le mibutho yaziwa njenge "lichen border", kuba ayinakwenzeka into yokuchaza ukuba ngubani umphathi. Nangona kunjalo, kufunyenwe kutshanje ukuba kunamalungu amaninzi kwezi zinto zichaziweyo. Ke ngoko, izazinzulu ziye zafezekisa umbono opheleleyo ngakumbi wobulembu apho bayithathela ingqalelo njenge-microhabitat. Kule microhabitat, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomngundo ezikwicala leDikarya, ibhaktiriya kunye nemicroalgae zihlala kwinkqubo yeseliotic.
Ukuhambelana kwamachaphaza
Njengoko bekulindelekile, kuxhomekeke kumbutho uninzi lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesakhiwo semibala sinokuchazwa. Kwinto elula, i-alga kunye nefungus zidityaniswe ngokudibeneyo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, i-phycobiont kunye ne-mycobiont zenza i-thallus eyahluke kakhulu kwinqanaba le-morphological kune-thallus yabo yasekuqaleni. Yintoni egqithisile, i-alga iphelela ekwenzeni umaleko ngelixa i-fungus ikhusela.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubulembu zizinto eziphilayo ezinemibala emininzi, zikwangqinelana kakhulu neemeko zemo engqongileyo. Ngaloo ndlela banesakhono esingaqhelekanga sokwenza ikolonistiyo eyahlukileyo. Ngokusisiseko, ukukhuselwa kwimitha yelanga kunye nokomiswa yifungus kudityanisiwe kunye nokukwazi ukwenza ifotosinthesize i-alga, kunika into ephilayo eneempawu ezizodwa. Olunye uphawu lokuqaqambisa kukuba ezi zinto ziphilayo zakha izinto ezivumela ukusetyenziswa okungcono kwamanzi kunye nokukhanya. Ezi khompawundi, zibizwa ngokuba 'zizinto ezinxilisayo', zikwakhuthaza ukupheliswa kwezinto eziyingozi.
Yintoni iParmelia tiliacea?
Ngoku ukuba siyazi ukuba yintoni i-lichen, makhe singene kwiinkcukacha malunga neentlobo Parmelia tiliacea. Ingesosapho lweParmeliaceae kwaye lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo ifumaneka kwi-bark ecebileyo enezakha-mzimba zemephu esecaleni, iiholm oki, uthuthu, i-linden, ipayini kunye nokunye kumahlathi embindini nasezantsi kweIberia. Inokubonakala kumatye aluhlaza ukuba bakwiindawo ezikhuselweyo emoyeni.
Inkcazo yeParmelia tiliacea
Ngaphandle kokuvela kwe Parmelia tiliacea iyafana kakhulu nezinye iindidi zodidi olunye, Isiqu sayo sinomphezulu ogudileyo kunye nombala ongwevu ophawuleka kakhulu. I-thallus enemibala e-ash-color iyakhanya ngakumbi kwimiphetho yeelobes ezimile kakuhle, ezimilise irosette. Iqhotyoshelwe ngokukhululekileyo kwi-substrate yeyona ndawo indala. Umanyano lwenziwa ziiRhizin ezandayo zaya emaphethelweni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-thallus igutyungelwe yi-capitiform okanye i-cylindrical isidia, ezinye zazo zenziwe ngamasebe. Zifumaneka kwiindawo eziphambili ze-thallus.
Ii-lobes ezimile rosette zinokufikelela kubungakanani obukhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha ezili-15 ubukhulu. Njengoko il lichen egudileyo, kunqabile ukuba ibe neapothecia. Kodwa yintoni iapothecium? Luhlobo lokuchuma olufumaneka kwezinye i-lichen okanye i-fungi. Ihlala ithatha indebe okanye indebe. Nangona kunjalo, Parmelia tiliacea Inokubonisa i-apothecium yodwa kwaye inemigca ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Kule meko, idiski ihlala imdaka ngombala. Ngokumalunga nobukhulu obunokuthi ukufikelela kwi-apothecia yeli lichen bungafikelela, akuqhelekanga ukuba badlule isentimitha enye.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i Parmelia tiliacea Luhlobo lwe-lichen ekuchongwa kwayo kulula. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uyibhidanise nolunye uhlobo lohlobo olunye: I-Pastillifera yeParmelina. Ukwahlulahlula, ukhetho olunye kuphela kukuhlalutya i-isidia ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu.
Yonke imihla into entsha ifundwa kwaye namhlanje sifunde ukuba yintoni i-lichen kwaye Parmelia tiliacea njengomzekelo.