Yintoni iseli yezityalo kwaye inaziphi iinxalenye?

Ayimangalisi into yokuba sicinga ukuba izityalo zizidalwa ekucacayo ukuba azishukumi kwaye zihlala zifana okanye zincinci ngokufanayo. Ukuba basabela kutshintsho lwexesha, kodwa ... enye into encinci. Nangona kunjalo, inyani kukuba ukuba sithatha iglasi elula yokukhulisa, okanye sibeka amaphepha ngokuchasene nokukhanya, siyakuqonda oko Ngaphandle kweseli yesityalo akukho namnye kubo obeya kuba nobomi, kwaye ngekhe babe yile nto iyiyo.

Kwixolo, kwilungu lamagqabi alo, kwiipali zeentyatyambo,… kuwo onke amalungu ezityalo kukho iiseli. Yenye yezinto abanazo ngokufanayo nezilwanyana, ekwathi nazo "zenziwe" zizigidi zezi zinto ziphilayo zincinci; Ewe, ezethu zahlukile kancinci kuba thina, umzekelo, akufuneki senze ifotosinthesisi. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba ngawaphi amacandelo kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi enayo?

Yintoni na?

Ndikhumbula xa ndandisengumntwana okokuqala ndandijonga igqabi. Andithethi kudlula ecaleni kwayo kwaye ujonge ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kunokuba usondele kwisityalo, usiphulule, uchukumise igqabi legqabi, ujonge ubume obunalo, umbala walo, kunye nevumba lalo (kuloo meko ke bendingenayo, njengesiqhelo njengoko ndifumene ngokuhamba kwexesha). Kodwa bendisafuna ukuya phambili, kwaye ndambona kwiglass yokukhulisa.

Ndothuswa kukubona ngaphakathi kuye. Ezo milo zoxande ziiseli, ezo zinika ubomi. Kodwa ziyintoni kanye kanye? Njengokuba, Ziiseli ze-eukaryotic, okt bane-cytoplasm ene-nucleus ehlelwe kakuhle.

Ukwahlulahlula iiseli zezityalo

Iiseli zezityalo zihlelwa ngeendlela ngeendlela ukuze kufundwe ngcono kwaye kuziqonde:

Iindidi ngokweempawu zazo

• Iiseli zeParenchyma, okanye ngamanye amagama, iiseli ezinomsebenzi othile. Umzekelo, ukuhambisa iiseli zinoxanduva lokuhambisa izondlo kwaye, ukongeza, zinegalelo kwifotosinthesisi. Ezi seli zineendonga eziphambili ezibhityileyo nezivumayo, ezivumela ukuba zithuthe iimolekyuli phakathi kwazo.
• Iiseli zeCollenchyma, okanye ibra. Zizo ezibonelela ngokuguquguquka, kokubini kwizikhondo nakwiipetiyo kunye nemithambo yamagqabi. Zikho kuphela kwizityalo ezincinci kunye nezityalo ezinomdla.
• Iiseli ze-sclerenchyma okanye iiseli ezinzima. Basebenza njengenkxaso yoomatshini. Eli qela libandakanya ii-sclereids ezinodonga olungqindilili lweseli, kwaye zezo zenza izicwili ezomeleleyo ukuba ziqinile.

Iindidi zethishu yeseli

• Xylemziiseli ezinemilo ethe nkqo, ezizodwa ekuqhubeni amanzi.
• Phloem: Zimbini iindidi, ityhubhu yesisefo, esisiseko setyhubhu eqhubayo yezondlo eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo eziveliswa yindawo yephotosynthetic yamagqabi, kunye neeseli ezinxulumene nayo.
• Yesikhumba: Ziiseli ezikhethekileyo ezigubungela umphezulu wawo onke amalungu esityalo, kodwa ezo zeengcambu zahluke kancinane, kuba azikhuselwanga nakweyiphi na indawo engaphezulu.

Athini amalungu eseli yesityalo? Nemisebenzi yayo?

Ngoku njengokuba sibonile ukuba zeziphi iiseli zezityalo, lixesha ... ukuya enzulwini encinci, kunjalo. Lixesha lokuba wazi ukuba ngawaphi na amalungu alo, kwaye leliphi ilungu ngalinye elizalisekayo:

Udonga lweseli

Ludonga oluphuhlisiweyo oluneselulosi yee-microsporophylls ezilungelelaniswe ngocwangco. Ngelixa ingakuvumeli ukukhula kweseli, iyavuma Unako ukwandisa idiphozithi yakho yeselulosi microfibrils.

Inwebu yenyukliya

Uluhlu olucekeceke kakhulu lwee lipids yahlula i-nucleus kwisytoplasm. Inemingxunya emincinci apho ukufikelela kunye nokuphuma kwezinto zenucleus yeseli kuvunyelwe.

Ulwelo lwePlasma

Ngumaleko ongaphandle othi igubungela yonke iseli. Iqulethwe ikakhulu lipids kunye neeproteni. Umphezulu wayo unemingxunya emincinci ebalulekileyo ukuze ikwazi ukutshintshiselana ngezinto phakathi kweseli nommandla wayo.

Core

Nguye indawo yokulawula yeseli, kwaye leyo iqulethe yonke ingcaciso yemfuza ekwimo ye-DNA, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

ICytoskeleton

Ngaba yiyo ixhasa kwaye imise iseli, Kunye nokugcina ii-organelles zikwindawo efanelekileyo. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa ikwangenelela ekukhuleni kweseli, ukuhamba kunye nokuzala, kunye notshintshiselwano lwezinto kunye nehlabathi langaphandle.

Cytoplasm

Itholakala kwi-membrane ye-plasma, ngaphandle kwe-nucleus. Inayo i-cytosol, i-organelles:

• I-endoplasmic reticulum: yinkqubo yeembrane ezijikeleze i-nucleus. I-reticulum egudileyo kunye nebukhali yahlukile. Nguye ojongene nokuqhuba ukuthuthwa kwezinto ngaphakathi kweseli, kwaye enye yezo zithatha inxaxheba ekuhlanganiseni iiprotheni kunye neep lipids.
• ICytosol: eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cytoplasmic matrix, lulwelo olufunyanwa ngaphakathi kwiiseli.
• Ii-Plastids: Zimbini iintlobo: eziziiprayimari, ezifumaneka kwizityalo ezininzi, kwaye ezisekondari, ezizodwa kuphela kwiplankton. Bavelisa kwaye bagcine izinto zeekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo ukuze i-photosynthesis yenzeke, kodwa bakwayiyo abaphetheyo ngokwenza i-lipids kunye ne-amino acid, yokunika umbala kwiziqhamo neentyatyambo, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi.
• Leucoplasts: banoxanduva lokugcina izinto ezingenambala kunye nokuvumela ukuguqulwa kweswekile.
• IiChromoplast: zezona zinika umbala kumalungu esityalo.
• Iikloploplast: zezinye zezona zibaluleke kakhulu, kuba ziguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla eekhemikhali, kunye nezo ziqulathe iklorofili, umbala wombala oluhlaza onaso isityalo kwaye obaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ifotosinthesis.
• Mitochondria: kunjalo, ukutsho, amandla amandla ezisele. Zi-organelles, ezisongelwe kwiimbumba ezimbini, zinoxanduva lokuphefumla apho i-Adenosine Triphosphate okanye i-ATP iveliswa khona.
• IiRibosomes: Zii-organelles ezinkulu eziqukethe ulwelo kwaye zijikelezwe yincam yencindi ebizwa ngokuba yitonoplast.
• Vacuole: yindawo enkulu enkulu, ejikelezwe yitonoplast okanye inwebu yentsholongwane. Yiyo eyenza izicubu ziqine.
• Izixhobo zeGolgi: yenziwe ngeengxowa ezithe tyaba zacwangciswa ngendlela emxinwa. Umsebenzi wayo kukuthumela izinto ngenwebu yeplasma.

Uyintoni umahluko phakathi kweseli yezilwanyana kunye neseli yesityalo?

Zombini zinamalungu afanayo, njengoko ubona kumfanekiso ongentla, kodwa azifani. Inyaniso, Iseli yezilwanyana ayinalo udonga lweseli okanye ii-chloroplast, kodwa kusekho okuninzi: ngelixa imifuno inesitshulu esikhulu kwiziko labo, sinayo enye okanye nangaphezulu, kodwa zincinci.

Izityalo azinayo nayiphi na i-centrioles, Eliyilungu le-organelle elisebenza kunye nokwenziwa kwee-chromosomes, ngelixa izilwanyana zisenza.

Ukugqiba, sikushiya nale vidiyo apho unokubona khona onke amalungu eeseli zezityalo: