Siqhele ukubiza iindawo eziphambili zezityalo. Enye yazo sisikhondo segqabi. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi abazi yintoni isiqu. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba inzululwazi ephonononga izityalo yibhotani kwaye kukho iikhonsepthi zenzululwazi malunga namalungu esityalo.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba isiqu segqabi sibizwa ngantoni kwibhotani kwaye yeyiphi imisebenzi enayo.
Zibizwa ntoni izikhondo zezityalo?
Isiqu sesona sityalo sisemoyeni kwaye sinoxanduva lokunika ubume besityalo kunye nokuxhasa amalungu aso ahlukeneyo njengamagqabi, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo. Ke ngoko, imisebenzi yayo emibini ephambili ligalelo lenkxaso kunye nokuthuthwa kwezondlo kunye nezinto phakathi kweengcambu kunye namagqabi, eyokuqala njengesiphumo senkqubo yokutya kwaye eyesibini isiphumo sephotosynthesis.
Iziqu zibonisa i-geotropism engalunganga, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zikhulela kwelinye icala lomxhuzulane. Kananjalo banamaqhuqhuva apho amagqabi akhula khona, kwaye aneentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-internodes kunye namathupha. Kwakhona, kwezinye iintlobo zezityalo, iziqu zinokuba nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo, efana ukugcinwa kwezondlo kwi-tubers okanye ubukho be-tendrils kwezinye izikhweli.
Iziqu zinokuhlelwa ngolu hlobo:
- ngaphantsi komhlaba
- umoya
- Yasemanzini
iintlobo zezikhondo
Ngezantsi sichaza nganye yezi ntlobo kwaye sixoxe ngee-subtypes zabo ngokweenkcukacha ngemizekelo. Ukongezelela, siza kuthetha ngeentlobo zeziqu ezidliwayo, ngokukodwa phantsi komhlaba kunye ne-aerial.
izikhondo eziphantsi komhlaba
Iziqu ezingaphantsi komhlaba zezo, njengoko igama libonisa, ziphuhla ngaphantsi komhlaba. Zinehlumela apho amasebe, amagqabi kunye neengcambu ze-adventitious zingakhula. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeziqu eziphantsi komhlaba njengoko zinokwahlulwa zibe:
- Ukutyhubela: Zimfutshane kwaye zingqindilili kwaye zinempawu zokugcina izinto ezigciniweyo kunye nezondlo. Zinezikroba, ezibizwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuthi amehlo, ezivelisa iziqu zasemoyeni. Eminye imizekelo yeegabhu ziitapile, icassava, maca, kunye neJerusalem artichoke.
- IiRhizomes: Izikhondo ezishinyeneyo zangaphantsi komhlaba ezikhula zinxusene nomphezulu womhlaba. Zivelisa amaxolo okukhusela, kwaye xa kufika iinyanga ezifudumeleyo, amahlumela azo aya kuhluma. Imizekelo yeerhizomes yinyibiba, ijinja, ingca, kunye noqalo.
- IiBhalbhu: Benza i-capsule enesiqu esifutshane kunye neengcambu kwisiseko kunye ne-buds phezulu, ejikelezwe ngamagqabi amaninzi akhethekileyo asebenza njengendawo yokugcina izinto. Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, isiqu sikhula ngaphandle, ngelixa kwiinyanga ezipholileyo, ibhalbhu iphila phantsi komhlaba. I-anyanisi kunye ne-tulips ziibhalbhu.
iziqu zasemoyeni
Iziqu zasemoyeni zizikhondo ezikhula ziphuhle ngaphezu komhlaba. Zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezininzi zeziqu zasemoyeni:
- nkqo: Bakhula ngokuthe tye ngokupheleleyo kwaye abafuni inkxaso eyongezelelweyo.
- creepers: Aziqinanga, ngoko zikhula ngokuthe tye. Imizekelo yeembaleki ngamathanga kunye neminqathe.
- Abakhweli: Basebenzisa ezinye izityalo okanye izinto zangaphandle zokuxhasa. Umzekelo ziintyatyambo zephepha okanye i-helichrysum kunye ne-bougainvillea.
- guququ: Iziqu ezinokuxhathisa okuncinci, zijikeleza izikhondo ezixhasayo, inokuba sesinye isityalo okanye nawuphi na umcebisi. Umzekelo yintsimbi.
Kukho ezinye iindidi ezikhethekileyo zeziqu zasemoyeni ezi:
- Imithi emikhulu kunye nezihlahlana zikhula isiqu, isiqu esinamasebe aphezulu kwaye sixhathisa.
- Iziqu zezinye izityalo zibizwa ngokuba ziiswekile. Zi-cylindrical kwaye zinamaqhina ahluke kakhulu. Umzekelo woku yingqolowa.
- Njengamaqunube, ezinye ii-stolons zinokukhula emhlabeni kwaye zivelise iingcambu ukuvelisa izityalo ezitsha. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-stolons.
- Ezinye izityalo ezinyukayo, ezifana ne-liana, zineziqu ezikhethekileyo ezizii-spirals ezintle umsebenzi wazo ukuvumela isityalo sibambelela kwiinkxaso esinazo ngaphakathi kokufikelela kwaso. Ezi ziitendril.
- Ezinye izikhondo, njengezo zihlahla zerozi, zikhula ameva njengendlela yokuzikhusela kumarhamncwa.
iziqu zasemanzini
Iziqu zasemanzini zikhula kwiindawo ezizele zizikhukula okanye ezinodaka, oko kukuthi, kumhlaba onamanzi amaninzi. Zinokubonwa kwizityalo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi kunye nezityalo ezidada emanzini. Eminye imizekelo yeentlobo zeziqu zasemanzini zezi:
- IHyacinth yamanzi
- Iinyibiba zamanzi, njengeenyibiba zamanzi
- lettuce yamanzi
Izikhondo ezityiwayo
Ukugqibezela olu luhlu lweentlobo zeziqu, singathanda ukuphawula oko enye indlela yokuzibeka ngokweendidi zisekwe ekubeni ziyatyiwa na okanye hayi. Ngapha koko, zininzi iintlobo zeziqu ezityiwayo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizidlo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ukusuka kweyona nto icacileyo, efana ne-asparagus, iradish, i-beetroot okanye i-celery, ukuya kwabanye abangaziwa kangako eNtshona, njenge-bamboo okanye i-ferns. Ezokugqibela zidla ngokutyiwa zibilisiwe kancinci, ngelixa amahlumela e-bamboo adliwe eAsia ukusukela kwimpucuko yakudala, ephekiweyo, efakwe emanzini okanye egcinwe. Kwakhona, ayinguye wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba i-sinamoni, esetyenziswa njenge-spice, nayo iyatyiwa ngenxa yeziqu zayo.
Esinye isityalo ngokuqhelekileyo esisetyenziswa njengokutya kunye neempawu zonyango yifennel, esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kwaye ingundoqo kwiProvençal cuisine. Ekugqibeleni, eminye imizekelo iswekile, i-shallots, i-rhubarb kunye ne-beet; kungekuphela nje kumagqabi ayo, kodwa nakwiziqu zayo ezimhlophe, ezibizwa ngokuba yipenca.
Amalungu ahlukeneyo
- Inqaku: indawo yokuncamathelisa amagqabi, iingcambu zasemoyeni, kunye neentyatyambo.
- internode: icandelo lesikhondo phakathi kweenodi zesikhondo ezibini.
- I-Petiole: isiqu esinabe ukusuka kwisiqu ukuya kumazantsi egqabi.
- I-Axillary bud: ihlumela leembryonic elifunyenwe ekudibaneni kwesiqu kunye nepetiole kwaye livelisa isebe okanye intyatyambo.
Umsebenzi oyintloko wesiqu kukuxhasa amagqabi, ukuthwala amanzi kunye neemaminerali emagqabini, apho ziyakwazi ukuguqulwa zibe yimveliso esebenzisekayo ngokusebenzisa i-photosynthesis, kunye nokuthutha le mveliso ukusuka kumagqabi ukuya kwesinye isityalo, kubandakanywa neengcambu.
Iziqu ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yokudubula kwezityalo. Ubude babo bunokwahluka ukusuka kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu eemitha. Zikwahluka ngobubanzi, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo. Isiqu sikholisa ukuba ngaphezu komhlaba, nangona izikhondo zezinye izityalo, ezifana neetapile, nazo zikhula phantsi komhlaba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nesiqu sezityalo.