Xa unomdiliya, ubuncinci obungathanda kukuba udlule kwiingxaki ezithintela ukuba ukhule kakuhle. Ngamanye amazwi, loo nto niya kujongana nezifo zomdiliya.
Ngoko ke, siza kukwenza a uluhlu lwazo ukuze wazi ukuba zeziphi ezikhoyo, zibandakanya ntoni kunye nonyango olunokubakho ukuba sibafumene. Ndiqinisekile iya kusebenza njengesikhokelo.
Ngumbungu
Esi sesinye sezifo ezixhaphakileyo zediliya kwiindawo ezininzi. Ibonakaliswe ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ngenxa yokuba Uya kubona ukuba uchungechunge lwamabala aluhlaza aqala ukuvela kumphezulu wamagqabi. Ukongeza kubo, isikhunta siya kubonakala kwakhona ngaphantsi.
Ukuba awuyiqondi le nto ekuqaleni, uya kuba kamva loo magqabi aqala ukoma kwaye abe brittle, kangangokuba ukuzibamba okanye ukuzikhama kancinane kuya kubenza bahlukane esandleni sakho. Ngokucacileyo, baya kuwa, kwaye iziqhamo ziya kugqiba ukubola.
Ukuyinyanga, kungcono susa onke amagqabi afileyo okanye ukuba banaloo nkalo yokuthintela umngundo owuhlaselayo ukuba usinde. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i-antifungal okanye ubhedu olumanzi okanye umxube weBordeaux ukunqanda le ngxaki.
ukungunda komdiliya
Esinye isifo ekufuneka sithathelwe ingqalelo seso somngundo. Ibonakaliswa ngokwenza i amagqabi anamachokoza amhlophe, kodwa ayipheleli nje apho. Kwakhona iziqhamo kunye namahlumela anokuba nazo.
Ukuphuhlisa, i-fungus idinga ukufuma, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba inokubamba ebusika, kodwa kunokuba ichaphazela entwasahlobo, kunye neemvula eziqhelekileyo zelo xesha.
Ngoku, senza ntoni ngale ngxaki? Ngokomgaqo, uya kuba neendlela ezimbini zokwenza:
- Enye yokuthintela, yintoni enokwenziwa ukuchumisa nokunkcenkceshela umhlaba kakuhle ukuthintela ukuvela kwefungus (kuba, nangona kubonakala kunye nomswakama, ukunkcenkceshela akuyona into ekubonakaleni kwayo).
- Ulawulo olunye, xa isifo sele sikhona kumdiliya. Kule meko, into esebenza kakuhle kakhulu isulfure. Ukuba ufunxa ngesulfure unokunqanda ukukhula kwefungus kwaye unciphise de liphele. Xa sele kwenzekile, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba ezi zinto zifunxayo kufuneka zigalelwe na amaxesha amane kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka (okanye unyaka) ukunqanda ukuba zingaphinde zikuhlasele.
umhlwa womdiliya
Umhlwa sesinye sezona zifo zibalulekileyo zediliya, kangangokuba zinokuchaphazela kakhulu imveliso yeziqhamo.
Ibonakaliswa ngu ukubonakala kumagqabi amachaphaza athile abomvu, ngokukodwa kumqadi wezi. Oku kubangela ukuba zisasazeke kancinci kancinci kwaye zigqibele ngokulahla igqabi eliza kungcoliswa.
Ngokomgaqo, umngundo uhlasela entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni, njengoko ufuna ubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-24ºC kunye nokufuma okuphezulu.
Ukulwa nayo, into yokuqala ingaba a ukuthenwa okungxamisekileyo ukuze umdiliya ube nesiganeko esinamandla selanga, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho i-fungus ikhona. Ukuba wenza oko unokuyeka ingxaki.
I-Eutypiosis
Ikwaziwa njenge Eutipia, sesinye sezona zifo ziyingxaki kwidiliya, kwaye kude kube ngoku incinci eyaziwayo ngayo, kuba yavela kungekudala.
Le fungus iyakwazi hlasela isityalo sonke, ngakumbi amalungu aluhlaza. Oku kubangela ukuba isityalo singakwazi ukuzisa amahlumela kwisiqhamo, okanye amaqoqo, kwaye nangaphantsi kwamagqabi. Enyanisweni, iya kuqala ukuba neendawo ze-necrotic kuyo yonke isiqu sayo.
Ngokuphathelele unyango, into yokuqala yokwenza chu kwaye utshise zonke iindawo ezikuloo meko. Amanxeba okuthena kufuneka agqunywe ngeCarbendazime paste okanye iMethyl thiophanate okanye iTriadimefon paste.
IBotrytis
Elinye lamagama eyaziwa ngawo kukubola okungwevu kweediliya, kwaye indawo echatshazelwa ngulomngundo ngamagaqa omdiliya. Ngokukodwa, ezo ziphantse zavuthwa, ezibangela ukuba iqela lonke ligqunywe ngengubo engwevu eyomisayo. Ngapha koko, kuyingozi kuba, ukuba elo qela linxibelelana nabanye, nabo baya kuchaphazeleka, kwaye inokubeka emngciphekweni ukuveliswa kweso sityalo (okanye ezininzi).
Ukuyinyanga, kungcono ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezithintela ingxaki kuba ukuba ichaphazelekayo, Ukulwa nayo kunzima kakhulu. Ngokumalunga nokuthintela, kuya kuba kuhle ukusebenzisa i-Benomyl, i-Folpet, i-Chlortalonil ... kunyango oluhlukeneyo.
Isilinganisi
Esinye sezifo zediliya ezichaphazela ngqo iinkuni sesi. Iveliswa yifungus kwaye idla ngokubonakala ngokuqhelekileyo kwizidiliya ezindala.
Ibonakala ngokubangela umbala omhlophe ukuya kumthubi kwindawo yomthi, kodwa nangona isenokubonakala ingenabungozi, ibolisa iinkuni; lijike libe mhlophe, libe mhlophe, lize lijike libe fluffy.
Ngokuphathelele amaqabunga, xa i-stem kunye namagatsha echaphazelekayo, aqala ukuthatha ithoni ye-chlorotic kwaye abune ngokukhawuleza. Kananjalo imidiliya idla ngokuvela amabala.
Ukulwa nesi sifo, eyona nto ingcono enokuthi yenziwe wuncothule umdiliya, uwutshise, ekubeni alukho unyango olusebenzayo olunokuphelisa i-fungus. Nangona kunjalo, inokuthintelwa.
Ukuba isifo asisasazekanga, unokuzama ukwenza a prune kwaye usebenzise, emva kweentsuku ezi-4, umkhuseli kumanxeba ukukhupha iintsholongwane nge-50% yamanzi kunye nenye i-50% yotywala.
unyawo olumnyama
Mhlawumbi awuzange uyive ngelo gama, kodwa ukubola kweengcambu kuya kuvakala kuqhelekile kuwe. Ngumngundo ochaphazela kakhulu imidiliya emincinci kwaye emva kweentsuku, okanye iiveki, ikwazi ukuyiphelisa.
Iimpawu ezinokukulumkisa ngale ngxaki kukubonakala "kwabalandeli abamhlophe" kwi-bark yeengcambu, ezijika ngokukhawuleza zibe mdaka.
Ukuyinyanga, kungcono susa ezo nkuni zinentsholongwane uze uzitshise. Ukongezelela, kukulungele ukusebenzisa umxube phakathi kwe-phenolic emulsion kunye ne-2% ye-formaldehyde. Kunye nale (egalelwa emhlabeni), ukufunxa nge phytofortifier yokungunda kulungile kumdiliya.
Njengoko ubona, zininzi izifo ezinokuthi zenzeke. Zininzi kakhulu ekufuneka uzithathele ngqalelo, kodwa sigxile ikakhulu kwezona zixhaphakileyo. Ngaba ukhe wabandezeleka nanye kwezi okanye ezinye? Uyisombulule njani?
