Iitumato ziziqhamo zezityalo ezikhuliswa kakhulu xa ubusika sele buza kuphela, kwaye nangaphezulu ukuba unegreenhouse ukuzigcina zikhuselekile engqeleni. Nangona kunjalo, nangona zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zivelisa kakhulu, inyani kukuba kukho izifo ezininzi ezinokubachaphazela.
Iifungi, iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktiriya zihlala zizimela, ke ukwazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zazo kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni isivuno esihle. Masibone ziziphi izifo eziphambili zetamatato kwaye ziphathwa njani.
I-Alternariosis
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / AfroBrazilian
La enye indawo sisifo sokungunda esichaphazela iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo. Ngundo ohlasela izityalo zetumato ngesiqhelo Alternaria solani. Njengawo onke amakhowa, bathanda ubume obufumileyo nobufudumeleyo, ke kufuneka silumke kancinci xa sikhulisa ezi zityalo.
Iimpawu
- Isangqa amabala kumagqabi: Banemiphetho ebukhali kakhulu.
- Amabala amnyama amade esiqwini: ukuze baphuke ngokulula.
- Iziqhamo ezinamabala amdaka: ngamanye amaxesha kumnyama.
Unyango
Unyango lubandakanya ukuthatha amanyathelo ngeendlela zokuzama ukushenxisa ingxaki. Ezi zezi: ukulawula inkcenkceshelo kakhulu ukuthintela ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu, kwaye nyanga isityalo ngamayeza okubulala ukungunda afana neMancozeb okanye baphathe ubhedu.
I-Fusariosis
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Jerzy Opioła
Isifo seFusarium sesinye isifo sokungunda esidlulisela ikakhulu kwi IFusarium oxysporum. Unokudlula ngokulula ukusuka kwesinye isityalo ukuya kwesinye ngeengcambu, ke ukuba silima iitumato kwigadi yeziqhamo kwaye sibona enye eqala ukuba mbi, kuya kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo angxamisekileyo.
Iimpawu
- Mthubi: iqala ngamagqabi amadala (angaphantsi) ize isasazeke kwisityalo.
- Ngokubanzi: isityalo siyoma ngokuthe ngcembe.
- Ingaphakathi leziqu liba mnyama: oku kungenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.
Unyango
Unyango nge fungicides equlathe iEtridiazole, okanye nayiphi na ingcambu. Umgubo wobhedu nawo uyasebenza.
Ngumbungu
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Rasbak
El umngundo sisifo esidluliselwa ngundo I-Phytophthora infestans. Ukuba ukhulisa ezinye iintlobo zezityalo ukongeza kwizityalo zetumato, usenokuba uzibonile iimpawu ezithi zivelise ngaphezulu kwesihlandlo esinye. Uhlasela iindidi ngeendidi zeentlobo, kunye nabuphi na ubudala.
Iimpawu
- Amabala amnyama anobume obungaqhelekanga kumagqabi: ziyakhula njengoko isifo siqhubeka.
- Amabala amdaka avela kwisiqhamo: Kwaye bahlala bengenakudliwa.
Unyango
Kuya kufuneka ususe iindawo ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye nyanga izityalo ngentsholongwane yokungunda ethile (kwintengiso apha), okanye equlathe ubhedu. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba kususwe ukhula kwaye kuthenwe izityalo zetumato ngamanye amaxesha ukuze zingene umoya.
Umngundo womphunga
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / RoRo
El ukungunda okungumgubo Sisifo esidluliselwa ngundo kwiitumato i-tauric leveillula. Ngokungafaniyo nomngundo, oku ichaphazela kuphela amagqabi ke iimpawu zezi sizokuxelela ngazo ngoku.
Iimpawu
- Ngwevu okanye amabala amhlophe emagqabini: zisasazeka kude kuthiwe amagqabi ajike abe mnyama.
- Ubuthathaka ngokubanzi: ngamagqabi amancinci nangaphantsi, isityalo siba buthathaka.
Unyango
Kuyacetyiswa ukujongana nefungicides enje ngesulphate sulphate okanye umgubo wesulfure (kwintengiso apha). Kwangokunjalo, amalungu achaphazelekayo kufuneka athenwe ukunqanda isifo ukuba singasasazeki ngakumbi.
Ukubola okungwevu
Ukubola okungwevu sisifo esidluliselwa luhlobo lwefungus IBotrytis cinerea. Ikwayenye yezo zichaphazela inani elikhulu leentlobo zezityalo, zombini igadi kunye nokuhombisa.
Iimpawu
- Amabala amdaka ngamagqabi neentyatyambo: amagqabi aphelelwa ngumbala oluhlaza, ngenxa yoko isityalo siba buthathaka. Iintyatyambo zinokukhupha isisu.
- Iziqhamo ezibolileyo zigutyungelwe ngwevu ezingwevu: iqala kwindawo enye, emva koko isasazeka kwitumato.
Unyango
Zininzi izinto ekufuneka zenziwe, zezi: sika iindawo ezichaphazelekayo ngesikere esicocekileyo, ususe ukhula, kunye nyanga izityalo zetumato ngamayeza okubulala ukungunda ephethe ubhedu (iyathengiswa apha).
Intsholongwane
Umfanekiso -Wikimedia / Howard F. Schwartz
Iintsholongwane zintsholongwane ezihlala zisebenzisa izinambuzane ezirhorho njengemikhosi, ezinjengee-aphids okanye ezimhlophe, ngaphandle kokulibala i-thrips. Nje ukuba zilume isityalo okanye iziqhamo zaso, intsholongwane ingena kwimveliso yezityalo zethu kwaye kulapho iimpawu ziqala khona. Kunzima ukubatshabalalisa, kodwa banokuthintelwa.
Phakathi kweentsholongwane ezihlala zihlasela iitamatisi sinazo:
- Utamatisi wentsholongwane
- Utamatisi utyha intsholongwane
- Intsholongwane ye-tomato igalelwe yintsholongwane
- Igciwane le Potato Y
- Cucumber virus mosaic
Iimpawu
Iimpawu esiza kuzibona kwizityalo zethu zetumato zezi zilandelayo:
- Imithetho kaMoses emashidiniOko kukuthi, kwiphepha elifanayo siza kubona amabala eemibala eyahlukeneyo (ihlala iluhlaza satyheli).
- Ichlorotic okanye amabala amnyama kumagqabi: kwiimeko ezigabadeleyo ziya kuba ngaphezulu komphezulu wamagqabi.
- Amagqabi ajikelezayo- amagqabi asongwayo anokujika abe tyheli.
- Ukutshintsha kunye / okanye ukubonakala kwamabala kwiziqhamoKuqhelekile ukuba zingagqibi ukukhula kwaye zihlala zincinci, kunye namabala avela.
- Ubuthathaka bezityalo: iphelelwa ngamandla, ke inokuyeka ukukhula. Ngenxa yoko, iyancipha kwaye iba sesichengeni (ngakumbi) sezinambuzane kunye / okanye izifo.
Unyango
Olona nyango lusebenzayo luthintelo kunye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane. Kubalulekile gcina izityalo zinamanzi kwaye zichumise, kwaye nje ukuba kufunyenwe isinambuzane esifana ne-aphid, thrips okanye i-whitefly, siyanyangwa, umzekelo, nge-diatomaceous earth (iyathengiswa apha), Esisibulali zinambuzane sendalo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi izinambuzane ezihlasela iitumato, cofa apha:
