Kwintsapho yesitrasi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo umthi we-orenji ngowona mthi weziqhamo udumileyo, kunye nomthi welamuni. Imveliso yale mifuno ingaba ninzi kakhulu, nje kuphela iimeko ezifanelekileyo. Ngokuphathelele iziqhamo zayo, iiorenji, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela, nokuba kukupheka, ukwenza iijusi, ukuzitya njengoko zinjalo kunye nokubhaka. Ukwakhiwa kwesi siqhamo se-citrus sinamandla kwaye Enkosi kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo ezikwazileyo ukuvelisa imixube, izitshabalalisi zemithi eorenji azinangxaki kangako ekubeni iye yaxhathisa ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, izinambuzane zomthi wee-orenji ziyaqhubeka zikho kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba zixhathisa kangakanani na, ngaxa lithile inokuchaphazeleka. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba sazi ukuba zeziphi izitshabalalisi ezinokuchaphazela esi siqhamo se-citrus, indlela yokuzibona kunye noluphi unyango olubonakalisiweyo kwimeko nganye. Ke ukuba ucinga ngokutyala imithi yee-orenji okanye sele unayo nayiphi na kule mithi yeziqhamo, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke ufunda.
Ezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo zomthi orenji
Phambi kokuba sithethe ngezitshabalalisi eziorenji, siza kuqala sicacise ukuba yintoni kanye le ethathwa njengesitshabalalisi kwezolimo. Njengokuba, eli gama libhekisa kuzo zonke ezo microorganisms, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezenza isiphumo esibi kwizityalo. Ukuze izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo zikhule, zifuna umthombo othembekileyo wokutya. Ngokubanzi, imilinganiselo esetyenziselwa ukonyusa imveliso yemifuno kumasimi alinyiweyo idala indawo elungele izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo. Le milinganiselo idla ngokulandelayo:
- I-Monocultures yeentlobo ezivelisa imveliso ephezulu.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi.
- Ukuncitshiswa okanye ukupheliswa kwemihlaba ephumlileyo ukuze kulinywe izihlandlo ezininzi.
Xa sithetha ngezitshabalalisi zemithi ye-orenji, ezona zixhaphakileyo ngamathrips, whitefly, aphids kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini zesitrasi. Okulandelayo siza kuthetha ngazo zonke kunye nendlela yokulwa nazo. Kamva siza kuhlomla ngakumbi isibetho semealybugs, esesona sixhaphakileyo kuzo zonke.
Uhambo
Okokuqala sinazo iithrips. Ezi zizinambuzane ezincinci ezidla ngokuchaphazela izityalo. Impembelelo embi abanayo ngokukodwa kumthi we-orenji isekwe kwiziqhamo, oko kukuthi, kwiiorenji, xa zikwinqanaba lophuhliso olupheleleyo. Ngokuphathelele kwindawo ekugxilwe kuyo, oku kukwicalyx, oko kukuthi, kumphezulu weorenji. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko eziphambili kakhulu, iziphumo ezibi zinokubonwa kulo lonke ulwakhiwo.
Njengoko besele sitshilo ngaphambili, iithrips sisitshabalalisi esixhaphakileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zesitrasi. Ezi zinambuzane zincinci zihlala kwiintyatyambo zemithi, apho zingenzi umonakalo obonakalayo. Baqala ukuhlasela emva kokuwa kwamagqabi. Kulapho kufuneka silumke ngakumbi kwaye sithathele ingqalelo ngakumbi ukuvavanya imeko izityalo ezikuyo.
Ukuphelisa i-thrips kufuneka sebenzisa isibulali-zinambuzane esithile iboniswe kolu didi. Kakade ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sicinge ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuyisebenzisa, ukuphepha ukonakalisa ezinye ii-microorganisms.
Impukane emhlophe
Esinye sezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo zidla ngokuchaphazela umthi we-orenji yimpukane emhlophe, ebuye ijike ibe yenye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo. Akunjalo ngenxa ye-whitefly ngokwayo ukuba isibetho esothusa kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inceda kakhulu ukubonakala kwesifo sokungunda esaziwa ngokuba "ngesibindi«. Ukongeza, itsala ezinye izinambuzane, ezifana ne-mealybugs. Ngoko ke, unyango lwakwangoko luya kubaluleka kumthi weorenji.
Yimpukane emhlophe endala eyenza eyona ntshukumo iphambili, ebandakanya ukuveliswa kwento ebizwa ngokuba ngumdewu kumqolo wegqabi. Indlela elula yokubona esi sibetho kukujonga indlela iimbovane eziziphatha ngayo emthini, ekubeni zitsaleleke ngokulinganayo kwimolasses.
Kukho unyango lwendalo esinokulusebenzisa zombini ukuphelisa nokuthintela isibetho seflyfly. Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinokuhlamba imifuno ngesepha epholileyo, ukuba sele ichaphazelekayo. Enye ingcamango yokunyanga kunye nokuthintela le nkathazo tyala imifuno egxothayo kwindawo eyingqongileyo, njenge calendula. Ukuba unyango lwendalo alwanelanga, siya kuhlala sinokhetho lokusebenzisa i-insecticide, ukuba kunokwenzeka ngokwendalo.
Zintwala
Iintwala zikwayinxalenye yezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo kwimithi ye-orenji. Ezi zinambuzane zincinci zimele usapho olwenziwe ziintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ubuncinci ezine ezixhaphake kakhulu kwizityalo eziorenji. Ifana neempukane ezimhlophe, Intwala nazo zivelisa umbethe wobusi emagqabini. Zidala le molasi ngokufunxa incindi, apho zitya khona. Ke ngoko sinokufumanisa ukuba zikwaququzelela ukubonakala kwesibindi kunye nezinye izitshabalalisi, ezinje nge-cochineals.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuthintela ukubonakala kweentwala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela amanxeba ekudalweni kwizityalo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka siqiniseke ukuba sithena ngokuthambileyo kwaye kuphela oko kuyimfuneko. Enye indlela yokuthintela le nkathazo, eyona nto isebenzayo, kukuba ziintshaba zendalo zentwala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqhambuko lukhulu kakhulu kwaye umonakalo awukwazi ukuwulawula, isenzo sebhayoloji sesona sicetyiswayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, nayiphi na imeko, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zebhayoloji okanye iikhemikhali kufuneka zihlale zilawulwa kakuhle kwaye zisebenzise kuphela ezo zivunyiweyo yi-arhente ephetheyo.
Ummbiwa wesitrasi
Asinakuyilibala intshulube yasemgodini weziqhamo zesitrasi. Imibungu yayo ihlasela amagqabi e-citrus, idala itonela elingekho nzulu kwaye isitya kuwo. Njengoko igama layo libonisa, le ntsholongwane ixhaphake kakhulu kwiziqhamo ze-citrus, njengemithi ye-orenji, imithi ye-lemon, njl. kunezinye izityalo, kodwa zinokuvela kwizityalo ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo, ezifana mzantsiwe y kumquat.
Kukho ezinye izinambuzane zohlobo lwe-leafminer ezihlasela izityalo zokuhombisa, izityalo kunye nokhula, kodwa zichaphazela kakhulu iziqu kunye neziqhamo zemifuno. Ngomdla, ekuphela kwento eyenza itonela kumagqabi e-citrus sisimbiwa samagqabi esitrasi.
Indlela yokuphatha i-cochineal kwimithi ye-orenji?
Phakathi kwazo zonke izitshabalalisi zomthi we-orenji, i-ribbed mealybug yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Sisifunxi-gazi esondla izityalo, sibangela ukungahambi kakuhle kwamagqabi kunye neklorosisi, nokuze zomise amasebe awosulelekileyo ngamanye amaxesha. Ukongeza, ilahleko yencindi efunyenwe sisityalo esichaphazelekayo inokulimaza imveliso kunye nokukhula kwayo. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba i-mealybugs, ukuba yi-suckers, Banokosulela iintsholongwane kwimifuno ngokuyiluma.
Njengeentwala kunye neempukane ezimhlophe, kunye ne-mealybugs bakhupha imolasses. Le nto itsala iimbovane kwaye ikhuthaza ukubonakala kwesibindi. Kweli nqanaba, sinokusebenzisa i-fungicide esekwe elubhedu ukulwa nesi sifo sokungunda.
Xa kuziwa ekulawuleni i-cochineal, okanye nasiphi na isitshabalalisi esinokuchaphazela izityalo zethu, Kungcono ukushiya amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi njengecebo lokugqibela, Ziyingozi kakhulu kwimo engqongileyo nakwimpilo. Ukongeza, ekuhambeni kwexesha kunokwenzeka ukuba sibangele isiphumo esichasayo, ekubeni izilwanyana eziluncedo zokusingqongileyo ziya kupheliswa.
Ukuba sinethamsanqa kwaye umphezulu osulelekileyo awubanzi kakhulu, Singakwazi ukuphelisa i-cochineals ngesandla okanye ngamanzi acinezelekileyo. Eyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza kukuthena ezo ndawo zemifuno ezichaphazeleka kakhulu kwaye zikhanyise isithsaba kancinci. Ngale ndlela, izinambuzane azikhuselekanga ngakumbi kwiimeko ze-atmospheric.
Kukho namathuba okunyanga esi sitshabalalisi ngesepha ye-potassium exutywe i-2% emanzini. Sisitshabalalisi sebhayoloji esingenabungozi ebantwini. Ngolu nyango asiyi kulwa nesibetho kuphela, kodwa siya kuhlambulula kwakhona iintsalela ze-molasses, ngaloo ndlela ukuthintela ukubonakala komnyama.
Irhamncwa lendalo: Rhodolia cardinalis
Kuphantse ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo i-ribbed mealybug. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuzama ukugcina abantu belawulwa, ngokukodwa ngaphantsi kwinqanaba apho umonakalo unobungozi. Ukusebenzisa iindlela zolawulo lwebhayoloji kudla ngokusebenza kakhulu. Kwimeko yesi sibetho, kukho ixhoba lendalo esondla ngokufanelekileyo kolu didi kuphela. Kubizwa Rhodolia cardinalis kwaye, nangona isuka eOstreliya, namhlanje liqabane lehlabathi jikelele ekulinyweni kwesitrasi. Okwangoku sinokufumana esi sidlwengu sendalo se-cochineal kwiindawo ezinobusika obupholileyo. Noko ke, kukho ithuba lokuyithenga.
Nguqongqothwane nobude obumalunga neemilimitha ezintathu. Iyafana neladybug enamabala asixhenxe, kodwa incinci ngobungakanani kwaye inamachokoza amnyama nabomvu endaweni yamabala. Rhodalia cardinalis Inokukhula okungaqhelekanga, ikwazi ukuba nezizukulwana ezifikelela kwisithandathu. Itya i-mealybugs kuwo wonke umjikelo wayo webhayoloji, ngoko ke isiba sisitshaba esikhohlakeleyo solu didi. I-drawback kuphela xa ufumana le sinambuzane kukuba ayibunyamezeli ubusika obuqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo.
Kwimeko apho sithatha isigqibo sokwazisa Rhodolia cardinalis kwizityalo zethu kufuneka siphephe ubukho beembovane ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ezibanzi, ngoba bobabini bebezophela nalo qongqothwane.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo yonke into esiyifundileyo malunga nezinambuzane ze-orange, ngoku siyakwazi ukuchonga kunye nokunyanga abahlaseli abahlukeneyo, nokubakhusela. Khumbula ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka iliso kunye nokuqwalasela izityalo ukufumanisa nayiphi na i-pathology ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubeke isisombululo kuyo.