Ngubani ongazange akhe aphuphe ukuba sehlathini angcamle ezona ziqhamo zikwimeko yetropiki abazinikwa yindalo? Nangona kuyinyani ukuba kuya kuba lula ukuzifumana kwiivenkile ezinkulu kwihlabathi liphela, ayisiyonyani leyo Kunika umdla ukwazi ukuba zeziphi izityalo ezizivelisayo kwaye yintoni eyona lukhuni lwazo ukuya, uyazi, zikhulise egadini 😉.
Iya kuba yile nto kanye ndiza kukuxelela yona kweli nqaku; ayilolize, iyibhlog yokulima kwaye, ngenxa yoko, sifuna ukuba ube nolwazi malunga nayo yonke into enxulumene nezityalo.
Yintoni ebizwa ngokuba sisiqhamo setropiki?
Iziqhamo zaseTropiki, ezibizwa ngokuba ziziqhamo ezingaqhelekanga kumazwe apho zingeniswa khona, zezo zivela kwizityalo ezivela kwiindawo ezinemozulu yetropiki okanye yetropiki. Zonke zinokufana kokungavumi ukubanda, ukuze zonakaliswe lula xa amaqondo obushushu esihla ngezantsi kwe-4ºC.
Amazwe athumela ngaphandle ngalawo enza iMpuma Ekude (eMpuma yeAsia), iLatin America, iCaribbean, kunye ne-Afrika encinci kunye nonxweme olushushu lweGranada (eSpain).
Iindidi zeziqhamo zetropiki
I-Avocado
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- I-Persea americana (umthi weavokhado)
El aguacate, eyaziwa njenge avokhado okanye iavokhado, sisiqhamo somthi osoloko uluhlaza iPersea americana, eyinzalelwane ye Latin America, ingakumbi iMexico, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru ne Uruguay. Yiqunube ukusuka kwi-7 ukuya kwi-33cm ubude ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15cm ububanzi, ngombala oluhlaza ukuya kumfusa omnyama kunye nomgubo odliwayo.. Ngaphezulu kwesiqhamo (sedizethi) sisetyenziswa kwisaladi okanye kwirayisi.
Umthi ufikelela kubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-20, eyona ixhaphakileyo iba yi-8-12m, unesithsaba esibanzi esiyi-6-7m ubukhulu. Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, nabani na unokucinga ukuba ayiyithandi kwaphela ingqele, kodwa inyani kukuba sesinye sezityalo ezimbalwa zetropiki ezinokulinywa kwiindawo ezinje ngemozulu eshushu yeMeditera, ezinekhephu elipholileyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha. ukuya kuthi ga -2ºC.
coco
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- ICocos nucifera (isundu sekhokhonathi)
Ikhokhonathi sisiqhamo se isundu sekhokhonathi (ICocos nucifera), engaziwa kakuhle ukuba ivelaphi, kodwa kuvunyelwene ukuba inokuba ivela kumanxweme ashushu aseAsia (eIndiya ngaphezulu kwako konke), nakwiCaribbean. Imilinganiselo ye-20 ukuya kwi-30cm kwaye inobunzima be-2,6kg, Kuxhomekeke kudidi. Ivunwa ukusukela ngoFebruwari ukuya kuJulayi, kwaye kanye ekhaya inokudliwa intsha okanye yenziwe ubisi.
Isityalo esivelisayo sifikelela kubude obungaphezulu kweemitha ezili-10, ngamagqabi aphinywe ngobude beemitha ezi-4-5. Ayimelani neqabaka; enyanisweni, obona bushushu buphantsi obuxhasayo yi-10ºC (kwaye nangona kunjalo akufuneki yehle ngaphantsi kwe-18ºC), ukuze ukulima kwayo kuvunyelwe kuphela kwiindawo ezishushu; kwaye ngaphakathi endlwini kunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina iphila xa kufika ukwindla.
UDurian
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- UDurio zibethinus (umthi wedurian)
El durian, okanye indawo yokuhlala, yenye yezona ziqhamo zinomdla. Ziveliswa ngumthi durio zibethinus, eyinzalelwane yoMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Inokuba sisazinge okanye isikwere esimilo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40cm ubukhulu kwaye inobunzima be-2-3kg. Igobolondo lixhotyiswe ngemiqolo eluhlaza okanye emdaka, kunye nomgubo onobumba obukhrim kunye nevumba elomeleleyo elingathandwa ngumntu wonke.
Umthi unokufikelela kubude obufikelela kwi-50 yeemitha, njengesiqhelo i-25m. Amagqabi ahlala eluhlaza, ejongene, kunye ne-10-18cm ubude. Njengomthi wekhokhonathi, ubuthathaka kakhulu kubanda kwaye uxhathisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-16ºC.
imango
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- IMangifera indica (imango okanye ipesika evela kwiitropiki)
El imango Sesinye seziqhamo ezikweleenjiko esona singeniswa kakhulu kumazwe apho kunzima ukulima okanye kunzima. Iveliswa ngumthi Mangifera indica, eyinzalelwane yaseIndiya naseIndochina. Yidrupe enokuthi okanye ingabinayo i-fibrous, iorenji, tyheli okanye ubomvu-garnet ngombala xa sele ikhulile.
Umthi uhlala uluhlaza, ukwazi ukufikelela kwi-45 yeemitha ukuphakama kunye nobubanzi besithsaba ukuya kwi-10 yeemitha. Ayimelana neqabaka, kodwa kukho iindidi ezithile, ezinje nge 'Keitt', ezinokuthi zibekho kwiindawo ezinobuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iqabaka ukuya kuthi ga -1ºC; ewe, ingaziphatha njengokuphelelwa lixesha.
Ipapaya
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- ICarica papaya (umthi wepapaya)
La ipapaya sisiqhamo se UCarica papaya, isihlahla esihlala eMesoamerica. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yipapayon, ipapaya, lechoza, ipapaya melon, imelon yemithi, okanye isiqhamo sebhombu. Yi-ovoid-oblong berry, ene-pulp ye-orenji kwaye inobunzima obufikelela kwi-9kg, nangona ngesiqhelo ingahlali ngaphezulu kwe-600 yeegram. Ngaphakathi yimbewu emnyama kunye neerandi.
I-shrub eyivelisayo ifikelela kubude obuphezulu beemitha ezi-2,5, nesiqu esibhityileyo malunga ne-35cm ubukhulu. Ekulimeni ayinyanzelisi, ukuba nje iqondo lobushushu alilihle ngaphantsi kwe-0C kwaye kuhlala kukho amanzi.
Ipayina
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- Ananas comosus (isityalo sephayinaphu)
Iphayinaphu iveliswa yi-bromeliad egama layo linzululwazi I-Ananas comosus, eqala eMzantsi Melika (ayaziwa ncam ukuba iphi). Yaziwa njengephayinaphu, ipayinapile okanye i-matzatli, ngaphandle kwepinapple ecacileyo, kunye Ngumqolo onetyheli omthubi ofikelela kuma-30cm ubude (kubandakanya iibracts -lungisiwe amagqabi-) nge-15cm ubukhulu, kwaye inobunzima obufikelela kwiikhilogs ezimbini, ngaphandle kwephayinaphu yosana elinobunzima obuphakathi kwama-300 nama-700 eegram.
Isityalo esivelisayo siyadlamkile kwaye sisemhlabeni, ngokucacileyo ngaphandle kwesiqu / isiqu. Amagqabi ayo enza irosette eqinileyo engama-30 ukuya kwi-100cm ubude. Ukulinywa kwayo ngaphandle kwemvelaphi yayo kulula, kuba ingqele ayikonakalisi kakhulu, ikwazi ukumelana namaqabaka ngamanye amaxesha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2ºC (ukulahlekelwa yinxalenye yomoya, oko kukuthi, amagqabi, kunye nokudubula entwasahlobo). Inokugcinwa kwigumbi eliqaqambileyo kude kubuye intwasahlobo.
IRambutan
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- INephelium lappaceum (umthi werambutan)
El rambutan sisiqhamo se I-Nephelium lappaceum, umthi womthonyama eMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, mhlawumbi iMalaysia. Yaziwa njenge-Chinese mamon, lichas, achotillo okanye, ewe, i-rambutan. Yidrophu embhoxo eyi-3 ukuya kwi-6cm ubude nge-3-4cm ububanzi., inesikhumba esibomvu okanye esimthubi kwaye sigutyungelwe ngamathambo athambileyo (inokuphazanyiswa njenge-urchin yolwandle).
Isityalo esivelisayo sihlala sihlaza, kwaye sifikelela kubude beemitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7. Amagqabi ayo atshintshiwe kwaye apinki, i-10 ukuya kwi-30 cm ubude. Ayimelana neqabaka kwaye ayikuthandi ukubanda, kungoko kulinywa kwayo ngaphandle kucetyiswa kuphela kwimozulu eshushu yetropiki.
Kwaye ezi ziziqhamo ezithandwayo zetropiki. Ngaba ubazi abanye?